中国疫苗和免疫最新文献

Objective: To know the relationship between fever and H1N1 influenza vaccination among students.

Methods: Collect and analyze the data from Shanghai school absence reporting system and H1N1 influenza vaccine daily reporting system.

Results: 51 schools and 49024 students were investigated. The H1N1 influenza vaccine coverage rate was 58.5% among them. The fever rates for vaccinated and unvaccinated students were 2.41% and 7.49% respectively. It has statistic difference.

Conclusion: The H1N1 influenza vaccine was safe and the protection rate against fever was 68%.

Objective: To investigate the diphtheria antibody level in healthy population in Beijing.

Methods: 10 age groups (< 1, 1 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, and > or =40) were sampled by the Multi-stage stratified sampling method in 9 districts in Beijing, and 2 003 sera from healthy population were collected. The diphtheria antibody was determined with ELISA method.

Results: The diphtheria antibody-positive rate was 60.26%, and the antibody concentration was 0.62 IU/ml. A trend of decreasing in the antibody concentration was observed with increasing age and years after immunization. Antibody levels were the lowest in healthy people between 25-40 years old.

Conclusion: It was predicted that a large scale of diphtheria outbreak would not occur recently in Beijing. It is recommended that for all adults diphtheria toxoids booster immunization should be conducted every 10 years for all adults.

Objective: To analyze the daily data of epidemic Mumps in a province from 2004 to 2008 and set up exponential smoothing model for the prediction.

Methods: To predict and warn the epidemic mumps in 2008 through calculating 7-day moving summation and removing the effect of weekends to the data of daily reported mumps cases during 2005-2008 and exponential summation to the data from 2005 to 2007.

Results: The performance of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing is good. The result of warning sensitivity was 76.92%, specificity was 83.33%, and timely rate was 80%.

Conclusions: It is practicable to use exponential smoothing method to warn against epidemic Mumps.

Objective: By two times investigation to the HBV infection of people age <20 in rural areas in Zhaodong city, to understand the effects of HepB immunigation through analysing the changes of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc infectious markers during 1986-2005.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted and the surum samples were collected in 1986 and 2005 respectively. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc of the sera with SPRIA were tested.

Results: HBsAg average positive rate of the people age <20 decreased from 8.5% in 1986 to 4.4% in 2005 (chi2 = 10.88, P < 0.01). The anti-HBs average positive rate increased to 43.1% in 2005 from 18.3% in 1986 (chi2 = 130.47, P < 0.01). The anti-HBc average positive rate decreased from 39.9% to 15.1% (chi2 = 122.18, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: The HBV infectious background of the rural population in Zhaodong city is high and the HBV infection rate decreased obviously after HepB inoculation since 1986, but it is still higher than the state average rate. It indicated that the HBV prevention in this district need to be enforced and improved.

Objective: To assess the test quality of HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and anti-HAV IgM in the laboratories of Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces.

Methods: Blood serum from each of the Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces were collected to verify the test results. The Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immuno Assay (CMIA), ARCHITECT i2000 automatic light detector and test reagents produced by U.S.A. Abbott corporation were used in the retest. Using the Abbott reagent CMIA test results as the criteria, the domestic made ELISA reagents sensitivity, specificity, the total coincidence rate and Yoden index of HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and anti-HAV IgM were evaluated in Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces.

Results: In the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS) reported Hepatitis B cases, the proportion of detecting HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM was 98.53% and 39.49% respectively. Through the verification test to the reported cases in Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces, the original and veritication diagnosis 01 the reported eases was quite different. Among 197 acute Hepatitis B reported cases, 56 cases were agreeable with diagnosis cretirea, accounting for 28.42%. Among 1046 chronic Hepatitis B reported cases, the verification diagnosis of 602 cases was consistent with the original diagnosis, accounting for 57.55%. By using Abbott reagent and CMIA method to test again, it was found that the verification test results using domesticmade reagent and ELISA assay were low consistency compared with the test results of Abbott reagent CMIA method. The detection result of home-made reagents by ELISA compared with the Abbott reagents CMIA, the sensitivity and the total coincidence rate of HBsAg were over 95%, Kappa value was 0.439, and specificity was only 50.00%. The sensitivity, the total coincidence rate and the specificity of Anti-HBc IgM were moderate level, Kappa value was 0.516. The sensitivity of Anti-HAV IgM were 20%, and the total coincidence and specificity were higher, Kappa value was 0.033, the consistency of test was poor.

Conclusion: It's necessary to improve the detection ability of Hepatitis B etiology of indicators in order to improve the accuracy of the report of Hepatitis B cases.

Objective: To implement HepA vaccination and analyze epidemiological and serum effect.

Methods: The children from 1 to 14 years old were vaccinated HepA since 1992 and the HepA has been integrated into EPI to the children aged 1 year in 1996. The enzyme linked immunnosortbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Anti-Hepatitis A Virus IgG Antibody (Anti-HAV) to analyze serum effect.

Result: HepA coverage rate from 1 to 14 years old was 80% in 1998, and it was > 90% after the year of 2001. The coverage of 1 year old children was 95%. The incidence rate of Hepatitis A reduced continuously. The incidence of whole population reduced from 25.96/100.000 in 1992 to 6.38/100.000 in 1994. In 2007, the incidence of Heptitis A decreased 98.10% compared with the incidence of the year of 1992. Epidemiological feature of Hepatitis A was changed. The positive rate of Anti-HAV was increased after vaccination of Hepatitis A Vaccine.

Conclusion: The vaccination strategy for 1 to 14 years old had obviously epidemiological and serum effect.

On the last stage of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), a number of cases with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) disorder were detected excreting the Vaccine-derived Poliovirus (VDPV). Due to these cases can be prolonged or chronic excretion of the VDPV in the environment, all countries have to gradually focus on these cases and reconsidering the national strategies of polio vaccine in the post-eradication era themselves.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and Immunogenicity of the Poliomyelitis vaccine (Human Diploid Cell) in > or =2 month-old children.

Methods: A random, blind and control trial, 1200 healthy children of 2-5 months old in Jiangsu province were administered OPV (HDC) vaccine and control vaccines. The antibody was tested by neutralization test.

Results: After 3 doses of the OPV (HDC) vaccine, the systemic reactions were mild. After 1 month of vaccination with 3 doses of the OPV (HDC) vaccine, the immune success rates of I, II, III type were 98.28%, 99.45%, and 95.71% respectively, the GMTs of I, II, III type in susceptible children were 1:1243.72, 1:234.38 and 1:273.10 respectively.

Conclusions: The OPV (HDC) vaccine was safe and immunogenicity for the children > or =2 months old.

Objective: A new Fluorescence Focus Units (FFU) developed for Rabies Virus titration replace current reference method (LD50) so as to reduce the cost.

Methods: The BSR cell was infected by triple serial dilution of the Rabies Virus CTN strain, then detect the fluorescent focus by FITC labeling anti-Rabies Virus monoclonal antibodies. All the samples were assayed in both FFU and LD50.

Results: Data generated indicateed that a significant correlation between the two methods (r=99).

Conclusion: This method is simple and rapid. It will be considered as a useful alternative method to the LD50.

Objective: To investigate the variceilla incidence of children age < or =14 years old in Shandong province in 2007.

Method: All children aged < or =14 and the cases of varicella were investigated from one township of rural area and one township of urban area of Jinan, Yantai, Taian, Linyi, Dezhou and Liaocheng prefecture.

Result: 48877 children aged < or =14 were investigated. The incidence of varicella was 2841.83/100,100 The incidence of varicella was different between prefectures, and it was between 719.02/100,000 to 4394155/100,000. The peak age of incidence was 5 to 9 age group children.

Conclusion: The incidence of varicella was high in Shandong province, the incidence was difierent between areas and age groups.