中国疫苗和免疫最新文献

Objective: In order to evaluate the running status and provide the laboratory data for maintaining polio-free status in China, the virology surveillance database of Chinese Polio Laboratories Network (not include Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan)in 2008 were analyzed.

Methods: The case investigation data of Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)cases reported by 31 provinces (municipal, autonomous regions) through EPI surveillance information management system and the database of National Polio Laboratory (NPL) were analyzed, and the indicators of running status of Chinese Polio Laboratories Network were evaluated.

Results: 10,116 stool samples were collected from 5116 AFP cases by Chinese Polio Laboratories Network in 2008, and viral isolation and identification of all stool samples were done according to 4th World Health Organization (WHO) Polio Laboratory Manual. The rate of viral isolation and identification performed within 28d was 94.9%. 189 polioviruses (PV) and 597 of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) were isolated from AFP cases, the isolatien rates were 3.72% and 11.74% respectively. 251 polio positive isolates were sent to NPL from 31 provincial polio laboratories. There were 318 single serotype PVs were performed VPI sequencing. And no wild polioviruses and Vaccine-derived Polioviruses (VDPVs) were found in 2008. NPL passed the proficiency test and got full accreditation for on-site review by WHO experts in 2008. All 31 provincial Polio laboratories passed the proficiency test with the same panel as NPL, and 13 provincial Polio laboratories joined and passed the on-site review by WHO experts.

Conclusion: The running status of Chinese Polio Laboratories Network was good, polio-free status was maintained in China in 2008. The Chinese polio laboratories network running is normaly, the laboratory surveillance system was sensitive and laboratory data were provided for maintaining the polio-free status in China.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of health promotion project ahout hepatitis for pupils, and provide strategies for health promotion.

Methods: Health promotion program was implemented through health education classes, along with many entertainments and lively activities.

Results: 213 teachers, pupils and parents from schools in the county were surveyed. The awareness of them were 100%, and the inoculating rates of hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine were hoth improved to 93%.

Conclusions: Health promotion program plays an important role to promote the healthy knowledge of pupils.

Objective: To understander Neisseria meningitides (Nm) and antimicrobial susceptibility through analyzing the pathogens surveillance meningistis (ECM) cases and Nm carrier rate in healthy people in 2008.

Method: Nm strains were isolated, identified and tested of specimens of cerebrospinal fluid and serum were analyzed by real-time.

Results: Seven Nm strains were isolated from ECM cases and close 4 serogroup C.44 Nm strains were isolated from 2323 healthy persons. strains include 11 serogroup A (25.00%), 16 serogroup B (36.36%), other serogroups (29.55%). The carrier rate was highest among the There is no significant statistical difference between males and females

Conclusion: Serogroup C and B were the dominant strains in ECM cases province. In healthy people, serogroup B was the dominant strain, C. Surveillance of pathogens and Nmantimicrobial susceptibility test strategies mainly based on vaccination should be strengthened.

Objective: To understand the long-term immunological effects of a recombined hepatitis B vaccine [HepB made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, HepB (CHO)].

Method: from 1997 to 1999 all newborns in Zhengding County were administered to HepB (CHO)at birth. Children in 3 of all 7 towns in the county were selected as study objects to check their hepatitis B vaccination history and test for HBV markers.

Results: Children who aged 10, 11 and 12 years after immunization, the anti-HBs positive rates were 71.0%, 72.1% and 68.2% respectively, and the geometric mean concentration (GMCs)were 197.9 mIU/ml, 296.0 mIU/ml and 158.0 mIU/ml respectively; Anti-HBs GMCs were 197.9 mIU/ml, 296.0 mIU/ml and 158.0 mIU/ml respectively. The Average GMC was 207.9 mIU/ml. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rates were 0.50% and 2.26% respectively.

Conclusion: The long-term immunological effects of HepB (CHO) are excellent.

Objective: To investigate the actual financing of National Expanded Program on Immunization (NEPI) of governments at provincial, city and county level, provide scientific basis for the further support of NEPI.

Methods: This cross sectional investigation covered provincial level, 14 prefectures, 85 counties according to the requirement of MOH, NDRC, MOE, MOF and SFDA.

Result: Total NEPI financing in 2008 is 188.15 million Yuan in Guangxi, 156.21 million Yuan from central government, 18.77 million from provincial government, 8.01 million from city and county government, which accounts for 83.02 percent, 10.24 percent and 6.74 percent respectively. 5.16 million funding from charge. Total expense is 176.31 million, the balance is 11.84 million Yuan. Comparison with 2007, the funding of NEPI increased by an additional 38.50 percent. The NEPI financing each child is 230.20 Yuan in Guangxi, among 230.20 Yuan, 6.33Yuan was from charge.

Conclusion: The governments, particularly central government financing are the main resource of NEPI funding, the situation of EPI relied on charging is radical changed in prefecture and county level, but the NEPI is not yet financing from government completely.

At home and abroad by analyzing the literature of the hepatitis B vaccine adverse reactions, especially multiple sclerosis, leukemia, autoimmune diseases, death and other serious adverse reaction to evaluate the safety of hepatitis B vaccine.

Rubella is one of the global public health problems, and the main harm is CRS which derives from pregnant women that infected rubella virus in the first pregnant periods. CRS could cause great economic burden to society. In order to decrease the incidence of Rubella and CRS, China has integrated MMR into Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007. This article will provide some ideas on Rubella vaccine into EPI. The paper will review the rubella vaccine immunigation Strategy both at home and abroad.

Objective: To investigate the change on infection capacity of measles epidemic strain after continuous passage from Vero cell line, and to analyze the possible reasons in genetic level that caused change on cell-recognition site.

Methods: Measles virus epidemic strain Ningbo 05-2 was continuous passaged from Vero cells and Cytopathic Effect (CPE) was observed and recorded. After confirmation by real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), hemagglutinating activity of Ningbo 05-2/P18 was detected using hemagglutination (HA) test and the completed sequences within Hemagglutinin (H) and Necleoprotein (N) gene were amplified by RT-PCR.

Results: Measles epidemic strain Ningbo 05-2 has been continuous cultured for 17 times (P18) on Vero cells, but CPE began to be observed from the 13th passage. Although the passaged strains were confirmed as measles virus by real-time RT-PCR, the hemagglutinating activity of Ningbo 05-2/P18 was still negative. Compared with the Ningbo 05-2, there were three amino acid mutations within H protein of Ningbo 05-2/P18 (312aa, 314aa, 546aa), which changed the beta-sheet on the 311aa and the beta-turn during 312aa to 316aa to the alpha-helix. Phylogenetic tree based on H gene indicated the Ningbo 05-2/P18 still belonged to sub-genotype H(1b), locating at the same branch with the original strain. However, sequences of the original and passaged strains were identical within N protein.

Conclusions: Only a few amino acid mutations within H protein could results in cell-recognition site alternative of measles epidemic strain after continuous culture in Vero cell line, and consequently affecting the infection of measles virus.

Objective: To examine the understanding of the reporting criteria of Hepatitis B (HB) and Hepatitis C (HC) of the medical staff in Yanbian Korean Minority autonomous prefecture and provide the advice for reporting HB and HC via network.

Method: Questionnaires were distributed to doctors in 7 hospitals by the method of stratified sampling.

Results: 48.3% of the medical staff thought that HBsAg carries should also be reported; The understanding of the reporting standards of HB and HC correctly was only 41.4% and 66.4% respectively. The understanding of the reporting standards of HB was different among professional staff in municipal hospital and in county-level hospital, which was lower at the municipal hospital; the reason for misunderstanding is mainly concentrated in HBsAg carriers as the report object; there was not difference of the understanding to the reporting standards of HB and HC among different title and work experience.

Conclusion: The medical staff among investigated hospitals had lower knowledgement to the reporting standards of HB and HC. Vigorous training should be conducted according to the criteria of hepatitis diagnosis, to ensure that the epidemic situation of HB and HC science and accuracy.

Objective: To establish a kind of simple method for identifying mumps virus gene: one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR).

Methods: To design primer in both sides of SH gene, and then to do the sensitivity and specificity test for the RT-PCR method.

Results: At least 10(0.7) TCID50 mumps virus can be detected by this method. 5 strains of mumps virus can be detected and 4 strains of non-mumps virus including measles and rubella virus can't be detected by this method.

Conclusions: The one-step RT-PCR method is a rapid and simple method for identifying mumps virus gene.