Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.12677/amb.2022.111003
琳霖 杜
{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis of Mating-Type Sequence of Basidiomycetes","authors":"琳霖 杜","doi":"10.12677/amb.2022.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/amb.2022.111003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66128543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Mutai, K. Njaanake, Kimita Gathii, B. Estambale, J. Waitumbi
{"title":"Bacteriome in Ticks Collected from Domestic Livestock in Kenya","authors":"B. Mutai, K. Njaanake, Kimita Gathii, B. Estambale, J. Waitumbi","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.122006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.122006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romero-Navarrete, F. Hernández-Hernández, R. Arenas, Aureliano D Castillo-Solana, Brianda Stephanie Herrera-Ramírez, Erika Córdova-Martínez
White piedra is a superficial, chronic, asymptomatic mycoses caused by yeast fungi of the genus Trichosporon. It affects the hair, especially of the head, less frequently of the pubis, perineum, armpit, beard, mustache, eyebrows and eyelashes, and is characterized by the formation of soft nodules or fungal clusters. It affects all age groups and both sexes, predominantly women. Diagnosis is made by direct examination of the affected hair and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The identification of species occurs through more specific identification procedures, such as mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and PCR). The objective of this work is to report two cases of familial white piedra caused by T. inkin identified by PCR.
{"title":"Familial White Piedra Caused by <i>Trichosporon inkin</i>","authors":"M. Romero-Navarrete, F. Hernández-Hernández, R. Arenas, Aureliano D Castillo-Solana, Brianda Stephanie Herrera-Ramírez, Erika Córdova-Martínez","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.127027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.127027","url":null,"abstract":"White piedra is a superficial, chronic, asymptomatic mycoses caused by yeast fungi of the genus Trichosporon. It affects the hair, especially of the head, less frequently of the pubis, perineum, armpit, beard, mustache, eyebrows and eyelashes, and is characterized by the formation of soft nodules or fungal clusters. It affects all age groups and both sexes, predominantly women. Diagnosis is made by direct examination of the affected hair and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The identification of species occurs through more specific identification procedures, such as mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and PCR). The objective of this work is to report two cases of familial white piedra caused by T. inkin identified by PCR.","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Effect, and Essential Oil Extract from the Leaf of <i>Artemisia afra</i> against on Selected Pathogens","authors":"Biruk Bezabeh Yimam, Abebe Desalew","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.127028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.127028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aspergillus species and aflatoxins production are more prevalent during times of high heat and drought. In South Africa, there is frequent occurrence of drought as a result of climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodiversity and distribution of Aspergillus species with their corresponding toxins in maize from main maize producing regions of South Africa; [Western Regions (WR) and Eastern Regions (ER)]. One hundred and twen-ty-three (64 from WR and 59 from ER) maize samples from the two agro-climatic regions in South Africa were analyzed using cultural, molecular and analytical methods. Across agro-climatic regions, Aspergillus species contaminated about 62% of the maize samples, while Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (47.15%) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (4.69%) while the least was Aspergillus parasiticus (0.81%). The Western Regions showed a higher distribution of varieties of Aspergillus species compared to the Eastern Regions. Aflatoxins contaminated only 27.64% of the maize samples with a mean total aflatoxin concentration of 2.40 μg/kg which is below the South Africa’s set standard for total aflatoxin in food (5 μg/kg). About 10.57% of the samples produce aflatoxins above the 5 μg/kg permissible limit for total aflatoxin in foods. The ratio of toxigenic to atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus was generally low in all the regions of South Africa. This study could aid policy makers to make informed decisions in developing remediation strategies for Aspergillus mycotoxins.
{"title":"Biodiversity and Distribution of <i>Aspergillus</i> and Their Toxins in Maize from Western and Eastern Regions of South Africa","authors":"Ngum Queenta Nji, Adetunji Modupeade Christianah, Ateba Collins Njie, Mwanza Mulunda","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.123011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.123011","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus species and aflatoxins production are more prevalent during times of high heat and drought. In South Africa, there is frequent occurrence of drought as a result of climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodiversity and distribution of Aspergillus species with their corresponding toxins in maize from main maize producing regions of South Africa; [Western Regions (WR) and Eastern Regions (ER)]. One hundred and twen-ty-three (64 from WR and 59 from ER) maize samples from the two agro-climatic regions in South Africa were analyzed using cultural, molecular and analytical methods. Across agro-climatic regions, Aspergillus species contaminated about 62% of the maize samples, while Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (47.15%) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (4.69%) while the least was Aspergillus parasiticus (0.81%). The Western Regions showed a higher distribution of varieties of Aspergillus species compared to the Eastern Regions. Aflatoxins contaminated only 27.64% of the maize samples with a mean total aflatoxin concentration of 2.40 μg/kg which is below the South Africa’s set standard for total aflatoxin in food (5 μg/kg). About 10.57% of the samples produce aflatoxins above the 5 μg/kg permissible limit for total aflatoxin in foods. The ratio of toxigenic to atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus was generally low in all the regions of South Africa. This study could aid policy makers to make informed decisions in developing remediation strategies for Aspergillus mycotoxins.","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Medical Students in a Private University in Dominica, West Indies","authors":"S. Olatunde, J. Owolabi","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.129035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.129035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuji Doi, Daigo Wakana, Hisashi Takeda, E. Tanaka, T. Hosoe
Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are secondary metabolites produced by ergot fungi (e.g., Claviceps purpurea), which are parasites of Gramineae grasses. EAs and their analogs are used to treat migraine, postpartum uterine bleeding, and Parkinson's syndrome. Recent studies have reported additional new bioactive activities of EAs and their analogs, making them essential compounds for drug development, drug repositioning, and clinical applications. EAs are produced industrially by field cultivation of ergot or liquid fermentation in the mycelial phase, but there are few published studies of the production of EAs by cereal culture and thus this approach is poorly understood. This study searched for Claviceps strains that produce EAs cultured artificially in the mycelial phase, then the selected strains were cultured on cereal media (white rice, brown rice, and rye) to examine their ability to produce EAs on each medium. C. purpurea var. agropyri produced the Clavine-type EAs pyroclavine (1), festuclavine (2), and agroclavine (3) in the mycelial phase. When cultured with white rice, brown rice, or rye, C. purpurea var. agropyri produced 1 - 3 on all cereal media. The total amount of 1 - 3 in each cereal medium (150 g of cereal per Roux flask) was 2220.5 ± 564.1 μg for white rice, 920.0 ± 463.6 μg for brown rice, and 595.4 ± 52.1 μg for rye. The white rice medium supported the highest production of 1 - 3, with the total amount of EAs (150 g of white rice per Roux flask) being about 34 times higher than that in the T25 liquid medium (190 mL per 1 L Erlenmeyer flask) (equivalent amount per flask).
麦角生物碱(EAs)是麦角真菌(如Claviceps purpurea)产生的次生代谢物，是禾本科草的寄生虫。ea及其类似物被用于治疗偏头痛、产后子宫出血和帕金森综合征。最近的研究报道了ea及其类似物的其他新的生物活性，使其成为药物开发，药物重新定位和临床应用的必需化合物。工业上通过麦角田间培养或菌丝期液体发酵生产ea，但通过谷物培养生产ea的已发表研究很少，因此人们对这种方法知之甚少。本研究寻找在菌丝期人工培养产生ea的锁骨菌菌株，然后将所选菌株在谷物培养基(白米、糙米和黑麦)上培养，考察其在每种培养基上产生ea的能力。C. purpurea var. agropyri在菌丝期产生clavine型ea, pyroclavine(1)、festuclavine(2)和agroclavine(3)。当与白米、糙米或黑麦一起培养时，在所有谷物培养基上均产生1 - 3。每种谷物培养基(每Roux瓶150 g谷物)中1 - 3的总含量为:白米2220.5±564.1 μg，糙米920.0±463.6 μg，黑麦595.4±52.1 μg。白米培养液中ea的产量最高，为1 - 3,ea的总量(每Roux烧瓶150 g白米)是T25液体培养基(每1 L Erlenmeyer烧瓶190 mL)的34倍左右。
{"title":"Production of Ergot Alkaloids by the Japanese Isolate <i>Claviceps purpurea</i> var. <i>agropyri</i> on Rice Medium","authors":"Yuji Doi, Daigo Wakana, Hisashi Takeda, E. Tanaka, T. Hosoe","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.124019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.124019","url":null,"abstract":"Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are secondary metabolites produced by ergot fungi (e.g., Claviceps purpurea), which are parasites of Gramineae grasses. EAs and their analogs are used to treat migraine, postpartum uterine bleeding, and Parkinson's syndrome. Recent studies have reported additional new bioactive activities of EAs and their analogs, making them essential compounds for drug development, drug repositioning, and clinical applications. EAs are produced industrially by field cultivation of ergot or liquid fermentation in the mycelial phase, but there are few published studies of the production of EAs by cereal culture and thus this approach is poorly understood. This study searched for Claviceps strains that produce EAs cultured artificially in the mycelial phase, then the selected strains were cultured on cereal media (white rice, brown rice, and rye) to examine their ability to produce EAs on each medium. C. purpurea var. agropyri produced the Clavine-type EAs pyroclavine (1), festuclavine (2), and agroclavine (3) in the mycelial phase. When cultured with white rice, brown rice, or rye, C. purpurea var. agropyri produced 1 - 3 on all cereal media. The total amount of 1 - 3 in each cereal medium (150 g of cereal per Roux flask) was 2220.5 ± 564.1 μg for white rice, 920.0 ± 463.6 μg for brown rice, and 595.4 ± 52.1 μg for rye. The white rice medium supported the highest production of 1 - 3, with the total amount of EAs (150 g of white rice per Roux flask) being about 34 times higher than that in the T25 liquid medium (190 mL per 1 L Erlenmeyer flask) (equivalent amount per flask).","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70487091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. N. Islam, E. Eshaa, M. Hassan, T. Chowdhury, S. Zaman
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Identification of Multidrug Resistant Novel Salmonella Strain in Poultry Chickens of Hathazari Region in Chattogram, Bangladesh","authors":"K. N. Islam, E. Eshaa, M. Hassan, T. Chowdhury, S. Zaman","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.122005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.122005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/aim.2022.1210039
Peter Adikwu, Emmanuel Godwin Oyiwona, Adejor Johnson, Y. Awua, A. Hassan, Terkaa Oluwakemisola Adenugba, Ene Theresa Ebiega
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of <i>Psidium guajava</i> Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts on Selected Bacteria in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"Peter Adikwu, Emmanuel Godwin Oyiwona, Adejor Johnson, Y. Awua, A. Hassan, Terkaa Oluwakemisola Adenugba, Ene Theresa Ebiega","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.1210039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.1210039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/aim.2022.1212046
Sami Eric Kam, R. Meda, Soufiane Domalick Sanou, Windmi Kagambega, C. Ouedraogo, Franck Téounviel Somda, Isaac Saamou Boni, Eliasse Zongo, Daniel Kobo Gnada, Azouman Da, B. Koama, H. Ouoba, G. Ouédraogo
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacities of Two Medicinal Plants Used against Urinary Infections in Burkina Faso","authors":"Sami Eric Kam, R. Meda, Soufiane Domalick Sanou, Windmi Kagambega, C. Ouedraogo, Franck Téounviel Somda, Isaac Saamou Boni, Eliasse Zongo, Daniel Kobo Gnada, Azouman Da, B. Koama, H. Ouoba, G. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.4236/aim.2022.1212046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2022.1212046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56408,"journal":{"name":"微生物学(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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