Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.017
Xin Jiang , Zhengfeng Bai
Dynamic analysis of the tethered satellite system (TSS) can provide a fundamental guideline to the evaluation of performance and robust design of the system examined. Uncertainties inherited with the parameters would induce unexpected variation of the response and deteriorate the reliability of the system. In this work, the effect of uncertain mass of the satellites on the deployment and retrieval dynamics of the TSS is investigated. First the interval mode is employed to take the variation of mass of satellite into account in the processes of deployment and retrieval. Then, the Chebyshev interval method is used to obtain the lower and upper response bounds of the TSS. To achieve a smooth and reliable implementation of deployment and retrieval, the nonlinear programming based on the Gauss pseudo-spectral method is adopted to obtain optimal trajectory of tether velocity. Numerical results show that the uncertainties of mass of the satellites have a distinct influence on the response of tether tension in the processes of deployment and retrieval.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of the tethered satellite system considering uncertain but bounded parameters","authors":"Xin Jiang , Zhengfeng Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic analysis of the tethered satellite system (TSS) can provide a fundamental guideline to the evaluation of performance and robust design of the system examined. Uncertainties inherited with the parameters would induce unexpected variation of the response and deteriorate the reliability of the system. In this work, the effect of uncertain mass of the satellites on the deployment and retrieval dynamics of the TSS is investigated. First the interval mode is employed to take the variation of mass of satellite into account in the processes of deployment and retrieval. Then, the Chebyshev interval method is used to obtain the lower and upper response bounds of the TSS. To achieve a smooth and reliable implementation of deployment and retrieval, the nonlinear programming based on the Gauss pseudo-spectral method is adopted to obtain optimal trajectory of tether velocity. Numerical results show that the uncertainties of mass of the satellites have a distinct influence on the response of tether tension in the processes of deployment and retrieval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.001
Xiaopeng Gong , Wanchun Chen , Wengui Lei , Jinyang Wang , Zhongyuan Chen , Yunyun Li
In the realm of aerial warfare, the protection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) against adversarial threats is crucial. In order to balance the impact of response delays and the demand for onboard applications, this paper derives three analytical game strategies for the active defense of UAVs from differential game theory, accommodating the first-order dynamic delays. The targeted UAV executes evasive maneuvers and launches a defending missile to intercept the attacking missile, which constitutes a UAV-Missile-Defender (UMD) three-body game problem. We explore two distinct operational paradigms: the first involves the UAV and the defender working collaboratively to intercept the incoming threat, while the second prioritizes UAV self-preservation, with independent maneuvering away from potentially sacrificial engagements. Starting with model linearization and order reduction, the Collaborative Interception Strategy (CIS) is first derived via a linear quadratic differential game formulation. Building upon CIS, we further explore two distinct strategies: the Informed Defender Interception Strategy (IDIS), which utilizes UAV maneuvering information, and the Unassisted Defender Interception Strategy (UDIS), which does not rely on UAV maneuvering information. Additionally, we investigate the conditions for the existence of saddle point solutions and their relationship with vehicle maneuverability and response agility. The simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategies.
{"title":"Analytical game strategies for active UAV defense considering response delays","authors":"Xiaopeng Gong , Wanchun Chen , Wengui Lei , Jinyang Wang , Zhongyuan Chen , Yunyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of aerial warfare, the protection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) against adversarial threats is crucial. In order to balance the impact of response delays and the demand for onboard applications, this paper derives three analytical game strategies for the active defense of UAVs from differential game theory, accommodating the first-order dynamic delays. The targeted UAV executes evasive maneuvers and launches a defending missile to intercept the attacking missile, which constitutes a UAV-Missile-Defender (UMD) three-body game problem. We explore two distinct operational paradigms: the first involves the UAV and the defender working collaboratively to intercept the incoming threat, while the second prioritizes UAV self-preservation, with independent maneuvering away from potentially sacrificial engagements. Starting with model linearization and order reduction, the Collaborative Interception Strategy (CIS) is first derived via a linear quadratic differential game formulation. Building upon CIS, we further explore two distinct strategies: the Informed Defender Interception Strategy (IDIS), which utilizes UAV maneuvering information, and the Unassisted Defender Interception Strategy (UDIS), which does not rely on UAV maneuvering information. Additionally, we investigate the conditions for the existence of saddle point solutions and their relationship with vehicle maneuverability and response agility. The simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.022
Hong Nguyen Thi
At the first time, the finite element method was used to model and analyze the free vibration and transient response of non-uniform thickness bi-directional functionally graded sandwich porous (BFGSP) skew plates. The whole BFGSP skew-plates is placed on a variable visco-elastic foundation (VEF) in the hygro-thermal environment and subjected to the blast load. The BFGSP skew-plate thickness is permitted to vary non-linearly over both the length and width of the skew-plate, thereby faithfully representing the real behavior of the structure itself. The analysis is based on a four-node planar quadrilateral element with eight degrees of freedom per node, which is approximated using Lagrange Q4 shape function and C1 level non-conforming Hermite shape function based on refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory. The forced vibration parameters of the non-uniform thickness BFGSP skew-plate are fully determined using Hamilton's principle and the Newmark-β direct integration technique. Accuracy of the calculation program is validated by comparing its numerical results with those from reputable sources. Furthermore, a thorough assessment is conducted to determine the impact of various parameters on the free and forced vibration responses of the non-uniform thickness BFGSP skew-plate. The findings of the paper may be used in the development of civil and military structures in situations that are prone to exceptional forces, such as explosions and impacts load.
{"title":"Finite element approach for free vibration and transient response of bi-directional functionally graded sandwich porous skew-plates with variable thickness subjected to blast load","authors":"Hong Nguyen Thi","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the first time, the finite element method was used to model and analyze the free vibration and transient response of non-uniform thickness bi-directional functionally graded sandwich porous (BFGSP) skew plates. The whole BFGSP skew-plates is placed on a variable visco-elastic foundation (VEF) in the hygro-thermal environment and subjected to the blast load. The BFGSP skew-plate thickness is permitted to vary non-linearly over both the length and width of the skew-plate, thereby faithfully representing the real behavior of the structure itself. The analysis is based on a four-node planar quadrilateral element with eight degrees of freedom per node, which is approximated using Lagrange Q<sub>4</sub> shape function and C<sup>1</sup> level non-conforming Hermite shape function based on refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory. The forced vibration parameters of the non-uniform thickness BFGSP skew-plate are fully determined using Hamilton's principle and the Newmark-β direct integration technique. Accuracy of the calculation program is validated by comparing its numerical results with those from reputable sources. Furthermore, a thorough assessment is conducted to determine the impact of various parameters on the free and forced vibration responses of the non-uniform thickness BFGSP skew-plate. The findings of the paper may be used in the development of civil and military structures in situations that are prone to exceptional forces, such as explosions and impacts load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 83-104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared with PELE with inert fillings such as polyethylene and nylon, reactive PELE (RPELE) shows excellent damage effects when impacting concrete targets due to the filling deflagration reaction. In present work, an analytical model describing the jacket deformation and concrete target damage impacted by RPELE was presented, in which the radial rarefaction and filling deflagration reaction were considered. The impact tests of RPELE on concrete target in the 592–1012 m/s were carried out to verify the analytical model. Based on the analytical model, the angle-length evolution mechanism of the jacket bending-curling deformation was revealed, and the concrete target damage was further analyzed. One can find out that the average prediction errors of the front crater, opening and back crater are 6.8%, 8.5% and 7.1%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of radial rarefaction and deflagration were discussed. It was found that the neglect of radial rarefaction overestimates the jacket deformation and concrete target damage, while the deflagration reaction of filling increases the diameter of the front crater, opening and back crater by 25.4%, 24.3% and 31.1%, respectively. The research provides a valuable reference for understanding and predicting the jacket deformation and concrete target damage impacted by RPELE.
{"title":"Enhanced damage mechanism of reinforced concrete targets impacted by reactive PELE: An analytical model and experimental validation","authors":"Jiahao Zhang, Mengmeng Guo, Sheng Zhou, Chao Ge, Pengwan Chen, Qingbo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with PELE with inert fillings such as polyethylene and nylon, reactive PELE (RPELE) shows excellent damage effects when impacting concrete targets due to the filling deflagration reaction. In present work, an analytical model describing the jacket deformation and concrete target damage impacted by RPELE was presented, in which the radial rarefaction and filling deflagration reaction were considered. The impact tests of RPELE on concrete target in the 592–1012 m/s were carried out to verify the analytical model. Based on the analytical model, the angle-length evolution mechanism of the jacket bending-curling deformation was revealed, and the concrete target damage was further analyzed. One can find out that the average prediction errors of the front crater, opening and back crater are 6.8%, 8.5% and 7.1%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of radial rarefaction and deflagration were discussed. It was found that the neglect of radial rarefaction overestimates the jacket deformation and concrete target damage, while the deflagration reaction of filling increases the diameter of the front crater, opening and back crater by 25.4%, 24.3% and 31.1%, respectively. The research provides a valuable reference for understanding and predicting the jacket deformation and concrete target damage impacted by RPELE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 12-30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.018
Xintao Wang , Ming Yang , Songyan Wang , Mingzhe Hou , Tao Chao
A differential game guidance scheme with obstacle avoidance, based on the formulation of a combined linear quadratic and norm-bounded differential game, is designed for a three-player engagement scenario, which includes a pursuer, an interceptor, and an evader. The confrontation between the players is divided into four phases (P1–P4) by introducing the switching time, and proposing different guidance strategies according to the phase where the static obstacle is located: the linear quadratic game method is employed to devise the guidance scheme for the energy optimization when the obstacle is located in the P1 and P3 stages; the norm-bounded differential game guidance strategy is presented to satisfy the acceleration constraint under the circumstance that the obstacle is located in the P2 and P4 phases. Furthermore, the radii of the static obstacle and the interceptor are taken as the design parameters to derive the combined guidance strategy through the dead-zone function, which guarantees that the pursuer avoids the static obstacle, and the interceptor, and attacks the evader. Finally, the nonlinear numerical simulations verify the performance of the game guidance strategy.
{"title":"Linear-quadratic and norm-bounded combined differential game guidance scheme with obstacle avoidance for attacking defended aircraft in three-player engagement","authors":"Xintao Wang , Ming Yang , Songyan Wang , Mingzhe Hou , Tao Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A differential game guidance scheme with obstacle avoidance, based on the formulation of a combined linear quadratic and norm-bounded differential game, is designed for a three-player engagement scenario, which includes a pursuer, an interceptor, and an evader. The confrontation between the players is divided into four phases (P1–P4) by introducing the switching time, and proposing different guidance strategies according to the phase where the static obstacle is located: the linear quadratic game method is employed to devise the guidance scheme for the energy optimization when the obstacle is located in the P1 and P3 stages; the norm-bounded differential game guidance strategy is presented to satisfy the acceleration constraint under the circumstance that the obstacle is located in the P2 and P4 phases. Furthermore, the radii of the static obstacle and the interceptor are taken as the design parameters to derive the combined guidance strategy through the dead-zone function, which guarantees that the pursuer avoids the static obstacle, and the interceptor, and attacks the evader. Finally, the nonlinear numerical simulations verify the performance of the game guidance strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 136-155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.013
Weiyi Li , Tao Wang , Wenhua Li , Jintao Wang , Wanxiao Guo , Zexin Jiang , Yilin Fang , Xiyao Yun , Ning Gao
The ReaxFF can describe the properties of energetic materials (EMs) at equilibrium state, but does not work properly in simulating high-energy particle irradiation process because of its weak short-range interaction. In this paper, a modification was made for such a potential by connecting Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) potential to ReaxFF-lg through comparing to Density Functional Theory (DFT) results to accurately describe short-range interactions. After modification, the newly fitted ReaxFF-lg/ZBL potential predicts better the equation of state for EMs In displacement cascade simulations, comparing to results from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), ReaxFF-lg/ZBL presented the similar transferred energy from a primary knock-on atom to surrounding atoms, better than the original ReaxFF-lg potential. Further large-scale displacement cascade simulations indicated ReaxFF-lg/ZBL could be applied for cascade simulations with PKA energy from less than 1 keV to high energy (e.g. 35 keV) cases, which is suitable for effectively simulating high-energy displacement cascades in EMs using molecular dynamics method.
{"title":"Modification of a ReaxFF potential at short range for energetic materials","authors":"Weiyi Li , Tao Wang , Wenhua Li , Jintao Wang , Wanxiao Guo , Zexin Jiang , Yilin Fang , Xiyao Yun , Ning Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ReaxFF can describe the properties of energetic materials (EMs) at equilibrium state, but does not work properly in simulating high-energy particle irradiation process because of its weak short-range interaction. In this paper, a modification was made for such a potential by connecting Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) potential to ReaxFF-lg through comparing to Density Functional Theory (DFT) results to accurately describe short-range interactions. After modification, the newly fitted ReaxFF-lg/ZBL potential predicts better the equation of state for EMs In displacement cascade simulations, comparing to results from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), ReaxFF-lg/ZBL presented the similar transferred energy from a primary knock-on atom to surrounding atoms, better than the original ReaxFF-lg potential. Further large-scale displacement cascade simulations indicated ReaxFF-lg/ZBL could be applied for cascade simulations with PKA energy from less than 1 keV to high energy (e.g. 35 keV) cases, which is suitable for effectively simulating high-energy displacement cascades in EMs using molecular dynamics method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 176-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.016
Wei Guo , Yanyu Qiu , Mingyang Wang
To explore the penetration resistance of calcareous sand media, penetration tests have been conducted in the velocity range of 200–1000 m/s using conical-nosed projectiles with a diameter of 14.5 mm. Further, a pseudo fluid penetration model applicable to the penetration of rigid projectiles in sand media is established according to the approximate flow of compacted sand in the adjacent zone of penetration. The correlation between the impedance function of projectile-target interaction and the internal friction features of pseudo fluid is clarified, and the effects of sand density, cone angle of nose-shaped projectile, and dynamic hardness on the penetration depth are investigated. The results verify the feasibility, wide applicability, and much lower error (with respect to the experimental data) of the proposed model as compared to the Slepyan hydrodynamic model.
{"title":"High-velocity projectile penetration test and theoretical calculation of pseudo fluid penetration of calcareous sand","authors":"Wei Guo , Yanyu Qiu , Mingyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the penetration resistance of calcareous sand media, penetration tests have been conducted in the velocity range of 200–1000 m/s using conical-nosed projectiles with a diameter of 14.5 mm. Further, a pseudo fluid penetration model applicable to the penetration of rigid projectiles in sand media is established according to the approximate flow of compacted sand in the adjacent zone of penetration. The correlation between the impedance function of projectile-target interaction and the internal friction features of pseudo fluid is clarified, and the effects of sand density, cone angle of nose-shaped projectile, and dynamic hardness on the penetration depth are investigated. The results verify the feasibility, wide applicability, and much lower error (with respect to the experimental data) of the proposed model as compared to the Slepyan hydrodynamic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.007
Guijun Wang, Yanqing Wu, Kun Yang, Quanzhi Xia, Fenglei Huang
The interfacial structure has an important effect on the mechanical properties and safety of the energetic material. In this work, a mesostructure model reflecting the real internal structure of PBX is established through image digital modeling and vectorization processing technology. The microscopic molecular structure model of PBX is constructed by molecular dynamics, and the interface bonding energy is calculated and transferred to the mesostructure model. Numerical simulations are used to study the influence of the interface roughness on the dynamic compression and impact ignition response of PBX, and to regulate and optimize the mechanical properties and safety of the explosive to obtain the optimal design of the surface roughness of the explosive crystal. The results show that the critical hot spot density of PBX ignition under impact loading is 0.68 mm−2. The improvement of crystal surface roughness can improve the mechanical properties of materials, but at the same time it can improve the impact ignition sensitivity and reduce the safety of materials. The optimal friction coefficient range for the crystal surface that satisfies both the mechanical properties and safety of PBX is 0.06–0.12. This work can provide a reference basis for the formulation design and production processing of energetic materials.
{"title":"Optimization of mechanical and safety properties by designing interface characteristics within energetic composites","authors":"Guijun Wang, Yanqing Wu, Kun Yang, Quanzhi Xia, Fenglei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interfacial structure has an important effect on the mechanical properties and safety of the energetic material. In this work, a mesostructure model reflecting the real internal structure of PBX is established through image digital modeling and vectorization processing technology. The microscopic molecular structure model of PBX is constructed by molecular dynamics, and the interface bonding energy is calculated and transferred to the mesostructure model. Numerical simulations are used to study the influence of the interface roughness on the dynamic compression and impact ignition response of PBX, and to regulate and optimize the mechanical properties and safety of the explosive to obtain the optimal design of the surface roughness of the explosive crystal. The results show that the critical hot spot density of PBX ignition under impact loading is 0.68 mm<sup>−2</sup>. The improvement of crystal surface roughness can improve the mechanical properties of materials, but at the same time it can improve the impact ignition sensitivity and reduce the safety of materials. The optimal friction coefficient range for the crystal surface that satisfies both the mechanical properties and safety of PBX is 0.06–0.12. This work can provide a reference basis for the formulation design and production processing of energetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.013
Songmao Zhao , Haotian Jian , Ke Wang , Zheng Ning , Peng Zhu , Ruiqi Shen
Explosion-electricity coupling (EEC) is a technical method to induce electric energy into the plasma material produced by explosion to improve the output of explosion. Exploding foil initiator (EFI) which could produce plasma during electric explosion can serve as a good carrier for studying the EEC. To investigate the enhancement ability and mechanism of EEC in EFI ignition performance, a kind of EFI chips which could realize the EEC effect was designed and fabricated to observe the characteristics of current and voltage, flyer and plasma temperature during Boron Potassium Nitrate (BPN) ignition of the EFI. It was found that the EEC could enhance EFI ignition in terms of energy utilization, ignition contact surface, and high-temperature sustainability of plasma: firstly, the EEC prolonged the late time discharge (LTD) phase of the electric explosion, making the energy of capacitor effectively utilized; secondly, the EEC could create a larger area of ignition contact surface; last of all, the EEC effect enhanced its high-temperature sustainability by sustaining continuous energy input to plasma. It also was found that the ignition voltage of BPN could be reduced by nearly 600 V under the condition of 0.4 μF capacitance. The research has successfully combined EEC with EFI, revealing the behavioral characteristics of EEC and demonstrating its effective enhancement of EFI ignition. It introduces a new approach to improving EFI output, which is conducive to low-energy ignition of EFI, and expected to take the ignition technology of EFI to a new level.
{"title":"Investigation on the exploding foil initiators ignition enhanced by explosion-electricity coupling","authors":"Songmao Zhao , Haotian Jian , Ke Wang , Zheng Ning , Peng Zhu , Ruiqi Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explosion-electricity coupling (EEC) is a technical method to induce electric energy into the plasma material produced by explosion to improve the output of explosion. Exploding foil initiator (EFI) which could produce plasma during electric explosion can serve as a good carrier for studying the EEC. To investigate the enhancement ability and mechanism of EEC in EFI ignition performance, a kind of EFI chips which could realize the EEC effect was designed and fabricated to observe the characteristics of current and voltage, flyer and plasma temperature during Boron Potassium Nitrate (BPN) ignition of the EFI. It was found that the EEC could enhance EFI ignition in terms of energy utilization, ignition contact surface, and high-temperature sustainability of plasma: firstly, the EEC prolonged the late time discharge (LTD) phase of the electric explosion, making the energy of capacitor effectively utilized; secondly, the EEC could create a larger area of ignition contact surface; last of all, the EEC effect enhanced its high-temperature sustainability by sustaining continuous energy input to plasma. It also was found that the ignition voltage of BPN could be reduced by nearly 600 V under the condition of 0.4 μF capacitance. The research has successfully combined EEC with EFI, revealing the behavioral characteristics of EEC and demonstrating its effective enhancement of EFI ignition. It introduces a new approach to improving EFI output, which is conducive to low-energy ignition of EFI, and expected to take the ignition technology of EFI to a new level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.009
Tawfiq Aljohani , Abdulaziz Almutairi
With the continuous development of transportation electrification, the cybersecurity of energy infrastructure has become increasingly prominent. Explicitly, EVs resemble a significant tool to carryout cyberattacks since EVs are not only seen as dynamic loads but also as mobile energy sources that establish two-way communications with several players in the grid. This taxonomy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cyberattacks against EVs from four distinct perspectives. The first is the research domains of EVs application, which investigates the different fields of research related to the development and application of EVs and how they are susceptible to cyber threats. The second is the CIA-based attacks, which examines the threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EVs' sensitive information and critical systems. The third taxonomy discusses the countermeasures and defensive mechanisms to secure the EVs against cyberattacks, including preventive measures, detection algorithms, response strategy, and recovery techniques. The fourth taxonomy is the verification and validation methodologies, which explores the software tools and hardware testbeds used to test and evaluate the security of EVs against cyber threats. Finally, this taxonomy presents an understanding of the current state of cyberattacks against EVs and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of cybersecurity and electric mobility.
随着交通电气化的不断发展，能源基础设施的网络安全问题日益突出。明确地说，电动汽车是实施网络攻击的重要工具，因为电动汽车不仅被视为动态负载，还是与电网中多个参与者建立双向通信的移动能源。本分类法旨在从四个不同角度全面概述针对电动汽车的网络攻击。首先是电动汽车应用的研究领域，调查与电动汽车开发和应用相关的不同研究领域，以及它们如何容易受到网络威胁。第二类是基于 CIA 的攻击，研究对电动汽车敏感信息和关键系统的保密性、完整性和可用性的威胁。第三个分类法讨论确保电动汽车免受网络攻击的对策和防御机制，包括预防措施、检测算法、响应策略和恢复技术。第四个分类法是验证和确认方法，探讨用于测试和评估电动汽车应对网络威胁的安全性的软件工具和硬件测试平台。最后，本分类法介绍了针对电动汽车的网络攻击的现状，为网络安全和电动汽车领域的研究人员和从业人员提供了宝贵的资源。
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