Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献_第4页

Investigation of flight stability for fixed canard dual-spin projectile via CFD/RBD coupled method 基于CFD/RBD耦合方法的固定鸭式双旋弹丸飞行稳定性研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.05.025

Gang Wang , Tengyue Zhang , Tianyu Lin , Haizhen Lin , Ke Xi

In this paper, a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and rigid body dynamics (RBD) coupled platform for virtual flight simulation is developed to investigate the flight stability of fixed canard dual-spin projectile. The platform's reliability is validated by reproducing the characteristic resonance instability of such projectiles. By coupling the solution of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the seven-degree-of-freedom RBD equations, the virtual flight simulations of fixed canard dual-spin projectiles at various curvature trajectories are achieved, and the dynamic mechanism of the trajectory following process is analyzed. The instability mechanism of the dynamic instability during trajectory following process of the fixed canard dual-spin projectile is elucidated by simulating the rolling/coning coupled forced motion, and subsequently validated through virtual flight simulations. The findings suggest that an appropriate yaw moment can drive the projectile axis to precession in the tangential direction of the trajectory, thereby enhancing the trajectory following stability. However, the damping of the projectile attains its minimum value when the forward body equilibrium rotational speed (−128 rad/s) is equal to the negative of the fast mode frequency of the projectile. Insufficient damping leads to the fixed canard dual-spin projectile exiting the dynamic stability domain during the trajectory following, resulting in weakly damped instability. Keeping the forward body not rotating or increasing the spin rates to −192 rad/s can enhance the projectile's damping, thereby improving its dynamic stability.

为研究固定鸭式双旋弹丸的飞行稳定性，建立了高保真计算流体力学（CFD）和刚体动力学（RBD）耦合虚拟飞行仿真平台。通过再现此类弹丸的特征共振不稳定性，验证了平台的可靠性。通过求解非定常reynolds -平均Navier-Stokes方程与七自由度RBD方程的耦合，实现了固定鸭式双自旋弹丸在不同曲率轨迹下的虚拟飞行仿真，并分析了轨迹跟随过程的动力学机理。通过模拟鸭式固定翼双旋弹丸的滚转/锥转耦合强迫运动，阐明了固定翼双旋弹丸轨迹跟随过程中动态失稳的失稳机理，并通过虚拟飞行仿真进行了验证。研究结果表明，适当的偏航力矩可以驱动弹丸轴向弹道切向进动，从而提高弹道的随动稳定性。当弹体前向平衡转速（- 128 rad/s）等于弹丸快模态频率的负值时，弹丸阻尼达到最小值。阻尼不足导致固定鸭翼双旋弹丸在弹道跟随过程中脱离动稳定域，产生弱阻尼失稳。保持前体不旋转或将自旋速率提高到- 192 rad/s可以增强弹丸的阻尼，从而提高弹丸的动态稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical and impact behaviour of titanium-based fiber metal laminates reinforced with kevlar and jute fibers under various stacking configurations 用凯夫拉纤维和黄麻纤维增强钛基纤维金属层板在不同堆叠结构下的力学和冲击性能

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.023

V. Subramanian , K. Logesh , Renjin J. Bright , P. Hariharasakthisudhan

The mechanical behaviour of Titanium-based Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) reinforced with Kevlar, Jute and the novel woven (Kevlar+Jute) fiber mat were evaluated through tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and drop-weight tests. The FMLs were fabricated with various stacking configurations (2/1, 3/2, 4/3, and 5/4) to examine their influence on mechanical properties. Kevlar-reinforced laminates consistently demonstrated superior tensile and flexural strengths, with the highest tensile strength of 772 MPa observed in the 3/2 configuration, attributed to Kevlar's excellent load-bearing capacity. Jute-reinforced laminates exhibited lower performance due to poor bonding and early delamination, while the FMLs reinforced with woven (Kevlar+Jute) fiber mat achieved a balance between mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness by attaining a tensile strength of 718 MPa in the 3/2 configuration. Impact energy absorption results revealed that Kevlar-reinforced FMLs provided the highest energy absorption under Charpy tests, reaching 13.5 J in the 3/2 configuration. The 4/3 configuration exhibited superior resistance under drop-weight impacts, absorbing 104.7 J of energy. Failure analysis using SEM revealed key mechanisms such as fiber debonding, delamination, and fiber pull-out, with increased severity observed in laminates with a higher number of fiber-epoxy layers, especially in the 5/4 configuration. This study highlights the potential of Kevlar-Jute hybrid fiber-reinforced FMLs for applications requiring high mechanical performance and impact resistance. Future research should explore advanced surface treatments and the environmental durability of these laminates for aerospace and automotive applications.

用凯夫拉、黄麻和新型编织（凯夫拉+黄麻）纤维垫增强的钛基金属纤维层压板（FMLs）的力学性能通过拉伸、弯曲、夏比冲击和落重测试进行了评估。制备了不同堆叠构型（2/1、3/2、4/3和5/4）的FMLs，考察其对力学性能的影响。Kevlar增强层压板始终表现出优异的拉伸和弯曲强度，在3/2配置中观察到的最高拉伸强度为772 MPa，这归功于Kevlar出色的承载能力。黄麻增强的层压板由于粘合不良和早期分层而表现出较低的性能，而编织（凯夫拉纤维+黄麻）纤维垫增强的fml在机械强度和成本效益之间取得了平衡，在3/2配置下达到了718 MPa的抗拉强度。碰撞吸能结果表明，在Charpy试验中，kevlar增强FMLs的吸能最高，在3/2结构下达到13.5 J。4/3结构在落锤冲击下表现出较强的抵抗能力，吸收了104.7 J的能量。利用扫描电镜进行的失效分析揭示了纤维脱粘、分层和纤维拉出等关键机制，在环氧纤维层数较高的层压板中，尤其是在5/4结构中，观察到的严重程度增加。这项研究强调了芳纶-黄麻混合纤维增强FMLs在需要高机械性能和抗冲击性的应用中的潜力。未来的研究应该探索先进的表面处理和环境耐久性这些层压板的航空航天和汽车应用。

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引用次数: 0

Topological considerations for reinforced concrete modular protection systems against near-field overpressure generated by close-in detonations 钢筋混凝土模块保护系统的拓扑考虑，防止近距离爆炸产生的近场超压

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.024

Sangyoung Han , Kukjoo Kim , Hyeon-Jin Kim , Jang-Woon Baek , Hyun-Do Yun , Gyu-Yong Kim , Sangwoo Park

With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations, chemical plants, and energy storage systems, the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical. Existing design guidelines for protective walls (e.g., UFC 3-340-02) primarily address mid- and far-field explosions, providing limited insights into near-field effects. Considering the effect of slight slopes (<40°) on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible. This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete (RC) modular protection system (MPS) incorporating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating reflected overpressures from close-in detonations. Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge, representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture, demonstrated that a wall with a 7° slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance. Observed structural responses included cracking, horizontal shear failure, and overturning. Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%–40% compared to an equivalent vertical wall. This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience. The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves, reducing localized damage while also conserving material, thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability. These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.

随着对加氢站、化工厂和储能系统等安全基础设施的需求不断增加，对能够承受近距离爆炸的防护结构的需求变得更加迫切。现有的防护墙设计指南（例如，UFC 3-340-02）主要针对中场和远场爆炸，对近场效应的了解有限。考虑到小坡度（<40°）对减少最大反射超压的影响，可以忽略不计。本研究调查了钢筋混凝土（RC）模块化保护系统（MPS）在衰减近距离爆炸反射超压方面的有效性，该系统包含对角锥形墙。使用51.3 kg TNT装药（代表典型氢气容器破裂的爆炸能量）进行的全尺寸现场实验表明，7°坡度的墙在抗爆性能方面明显优于同等混凝土体积的垂直墙。观察到的结构反应包括开裂、水平剪切破坏和倾覆。利用经过验证的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型进行的补充模拟表明，与等效的垂直壁面相比，锥形壁面的峰值超压降低了30%-40%。这一结果突出了微小的几何修饰提高爆炸回弹的潜力。锥形设计有效地改变了入射冲击波的方向，减少了局部损伤，同时也节约了材料，从而保持了模块化的优势，如易于运输和可重复使用。这些研究结果表明，对角线锥形基于rc的mps可以为受到近场或连续爆炸威胁的工业和军事应用提供实用且有弹性的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Gram-scale synthesis of simple cubic phase black phosphorus via shock-induced phase transformation: Mechanistic insights and process-dependent phase control 通过激波诱导相变合成简单立方相黑磷：机理见解和过程依赖的相控制

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.022

Jinchao Qiao , Qiang Zhou , Rufei Qiao , Zhuwen Lyu , Longhai Zhong , Tianchu Wang , Yan Liu , Junbo Yan , Fan Bai , Xin Gao , Pengwan Chen , Peng Si

Simple cubic black phosphorus (BP) has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions. In this investigation, simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation, utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material. The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus, with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics. Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency. Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization, resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity. The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems, particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions. This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics, while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.

简单立方黑磷（BP）由于其在极端条件下的特殊结构稳定性而被认为是一种战略材料。本研究以无定形红磷为前驱体材料，通过激波诱导相变成功合成了简单立方BP。在精确控制冲击压力和温度参数以优化相变动力学的条件下，利用平面冲击加载装置对相变过程进行了系统研究。综合相位表征揭示了热力学载荷剖面与立方BP地层效率之间的相关性。利用正交BP进行前驱体改性，提高了立方相产率和结晶度。合成的立方BP变体被认为是先进保护材料系统的有希望的候选者，特别是在极端操作条件下需要机械弹性和热稳定性的组合。该研究为冲击诱导相变力学提供了重要见解，同时为制造具有下一代防御技术潜在应用的非平衡材料建立了基础协议。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical analysis of near-field detonation products and shock wave characteristics for cylindrical charge 圆柱装药近场爆轰产物及激波特性的实验与数值分析

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.07.003

Ruilong Ma , Xinjie Wang , Sa You , Zhimin Sun , Fenglei Huang

Predictions of extreme near-field blast wave for cylindrical charge is crucial for designing sympathetic detonation protection structures, yet the quantitative analysis of detonation products and shock wave field are still insufficient. The present work conducted experiments and numerical simulations of near-field explosion for kilogram scale cylindrical charge, and investigated the propagation and spatial distribution characteristics of incident and reflected blast waves. The results show that near-field reflected overpressure exhibits multi-peak structures, which are primarily governed by reflections of detonation products and shock wave. The reflected peak overpressure dominated by detonation products shows higher sensitivity to scaled distance. Meanwhile, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) effect induces the evolutions of detonation products and shock wave interface from smooth to random microjets, increasing dispersion of secondary reflected peak overpressure. In free-field explosion, the incident peak overpressure exhibits a dual-peak structure, governed by the shock wave front and detonation products flowing past the gauge points. The incident peak overpressure dominated by detonation products is sensitive to orientations due to the charge structures. As the aspect ratio of charge increases from 0.6 to 8, the dominant radial azimuth angle region expands from 60°–90° to 30°–90°. An empirical model was developed to predict the spatial distributions of incident peak loads at arbitrary orientations for cylindrical charge with 0.6 ≤ L/D ≤ 8.0 and 0.06 m·kg^−1/3 < Z < 1 m·kg^−1/3, and the average deviation is less than 30%. This study elucidates the coupled characteristics of near-field detonation products and shock wave for cylindrical charge, providing significant values for accurate assessments of near-field explosion.

圆柱装药极端近场爆震波的预测是交感爆轰防护结构设计的关键，但爆轰产物和冲击波场的定量分析仍然不足。本文对千克级圆柱装药进行了近场爆炸实验和数值模拟，研究了入射和反射爆炸波的传播和空间分布特征。结果表明：近场反射超压表现为多峰结构，主要受爆轰产物和激波反射的影响；以爆轰产物为主的反射峰值超压对尺度距离的敏感性较高。同时，瑞利-泰勒不稳定性（RTI）效应导致爆轰产物和激波界面由光滑微射流向随机微射流演化，二次反射峰值超压弥散增大。在自由场爆炸中，入射峰值超压呈现双峰结构，受激波锋面和经过量规点的爆轰产物的控制。由于装药结构的原因，爆轰产物主导的入射峰值超压对取向很敏感。随着装药长径比从0.6增加到8，主导径向方位角区域从60°~ 90°扩展到30°~ 90°。建立了0.6≤L/D≤8.0和0.06 m·kg - 1/3 < Z <； 1 m·kg - 1/3圆柱装药入射峰载荷在任意方向上的空间分布的经验模型，平均偏差小于30%。本研究阐明了圆柱装药近场爆轰产物与激波的耦合特性，为近场爆炸的准确评价提供了有价值的依据。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of braking conditions on the dynamic responses of multi-axle heavy-duty vehicles coupled with pavement roughness and flexibility 结合路面平整度和柔韧性的多轴重型车辆制动工况对动力响应的影响

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.014

Mingjun Li , Yi Jiang , Miao Chen , Siyi Wang , Lina Yang , Bo Pang

Multi-axle heavy-duty vehicles (MHVs) are essential for military equipment transport due to their safety and stability. However, braking dynamic responses between MHVs and pavement systems still remain underexplored, particularly regarding their complex load transfer mechanisms. This paper develops an enhanced model of a multi-axle heavy-duty vehicle (MHV) coupled with the uneven and flexible pavement. An advanced coupling iterative method is proposed to solve the highly dimensional equations of the MHV-pavement coupled system. The proposed method was validated through experimental tests, with characteristic parameters of vertical accelerations showing relative errors between 0.42% and 11.80%. The coupling effect and influence mechanism of the braking process are investigated by characteristic parameters of the dynamic responses. Additionally, the influences of braking conditions and pavement parameters are analyzed in time and frequency domains in order to reveal the vibration mechanisms of the coupled system. Moreover, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for monitoring pavement health via vehicle-mounted acceleration signals, which is necessary in military transportation.

多轴重型车辆因其安全性和稳定性而成为军事装备运输的重要组成部分。然而，mhv和路面系统之间的制动动态响应仍未得到充分研究，特别是其复杂的载荷传递机制。本文建立了多轴重型车辆不均匀柔性路面耦合的增强模型。提出了一种求解mhv -路面耦合系统高维方程的高级耦合迭代方法。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性，垂直加速度特征参数的相对误差在0.42% ~ 11.80%之间。通过动力学响应的特征参数，研究了制动过程的耦合效应和影响机理。此外，从时域和频域分析了制动条件和路面参数对耦合系统振动的影响，揭示了耦合系统的振动机理。此外，本研究为利用车载加速度信号监测路面健康状况奠定了理论基础，这在军事运输中是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic hysteresis brittle behavior and temperature–strain rate-coupled damage modeling: A multiscale study of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) under extreme service conditions 动态迟滞脆性行为和温度-应变速率耦合损伤建模：极端使用条件下聚酞嗪酮醚砜酮的多尺度研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.013

Liangliang Shen , Shi Su , Wenhui Zhang , Shilun Shi , Xigao Jian , Tianqi Zhu , Jian Xu

Poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) is a new-generation high-performance thermoplastic resin that exhibits excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, its damage and failure mechanisms under high-temperature and high-strain-rate coupling conditions remain unclear, significantly limiting the engineering applications of PPESK-based composites in extreme environments such as aerospace. To address this issue, in this study, a temperature-controlled split Hopkinson pressure bar experimental platform was developed for dynamic tensile/compressive loading scenarios. Combined with scanning electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, the thermomechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of PPESK were systematically investigated over the temperature range of 293–473 K. The study revealed a novel "dynamic hysteresis brittle behavior" and its underlying "segmental activation–response lag antagonistic mechanism". The results showed that the strain-rate-induced response lag of polymer chain segments significantly weakened the viscous dissipation capacity activated by thermal energy at elevated temperatures. Although high-strain-rate conditions led to notable enhancement in the dynamic strength of the material (with an increase of 8%–233%, reaching 130%–330% at elevated temperatures), the fracture surface morphology tended to become smoother, and brittle fracture characteristics became more pronounced. Based on these findings, a temperature–strain rate hysteresis antagonistic function was constructed, which effectively captured the competitive relationship between temperature-driven relaxation behavior and strain-rate-induced hysteresis in thermoplastic resins. A multiscale damage evolution constitutive model with temperature–rate coupling was subsequently established and numerically implemented via the VUMAT user subroutine. This study not only unveils the nonlinear damage mechanisms of PPESK under combined service temperatures and dynamic/static loading conditions, but also provides a strong theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for the constitutive modeling and parametric design of thermoplastic resin-based materials.

聚酞嗪酮醚砜酮（PPESK）是新一代高性能热塑性树脂，具有优异的热稳定性和机械性能。然而，其在高温和高应变率耦合条件下的损伤和破坏机制尚不清楚，这极大地限制了ppes基复合材料在航空航天等极端环境中的工程应用。为了解决这一问题，在本研究中，开发了一个温控分离式霍普金森压力棒实验平台，用于动态拉伸/压缩加载场景。结合扫描电镜和分子动力学模拟，系统研究了PPESK在293 ~ 473 K温度范围内的热力学行为和失效机理。该研究揭示了一种新的“动态迟滞脆性行为”及其潜在的“节段激活-响应滞后拮抗机制”。结果表明，应变率引起的聚合物链段响应滞后显著削弱了高温下由热能激活的粘性耗散能力。虽然高应变率条件下材料的动强度显著提高（提高8% ~ 233%，高温下达到130% ~ 330%），但断口形貌趋于光滑，脆性断裂特征更加明显。基于这些发现，构建了温度-应变率迟滞对抗函数，该函数有效地捕捉了热塑性树脂中温度驱动的松弛行为和应变率诱导的迟滞之间的竞争关系。建立了具有温度速率耦合的多尺度损伤演化本构模型，并通过VUMAT用户子程序进行了数值实现。该研究不仅揭示了PPESK在使用温度和动/静复合载荷条件下的非线性损伤机理，而且为热塑性树脂基材料的本构建模和参数化设计提供了强有力的理论基础和工程指导。

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引用次数: 0

High-precision quantitative analysis of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) concentration based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning 基于ATR-FTIR光谱和机器学习的3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）浓度的高精度定量分析

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.008

Zhe Zhang , Zhuowei Sun , Haoming Zou , Xijuan Lv , Ziyang Guo , Shuai Zhao , Qinghai Shu

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is a typical high-energy, low-sensitivity explosive, and accurate concentration monitoring is critical for crystallization process control. In this study, a high-precision quantitative analytical model for NTO concentration in ethanol solutions was developed by integrating real-time ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometric and machine learning techniques. Dynamic spectral data were obtained by designing multi-concentration gradient heating-cooling cycle experiments, abnormal samples were eliminated using the isolation forest algorithm, and the effects of various preprocessing methods on model performance were systematically evaluated. The results show that partial least squares regression (PLSR) exhibits superior generalization ability compared to other models. Vibrational bands corresponding to C=O and –NO₂ were identified as key predictors for concentration estimation. This work provides an efficient and reliable solution for real-time concentration monitoring during NTO crystallization and holds significant potential for process analytical applications in energetic material manufacturing.

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）是一种典型的高能量、低灵敏度炸药，准确的浓度监测对结晶过程控制至关重要。在这项研究中，通过将实时ATR-FTIR光谱与化学计量学和机器学习技术相结合，建立了乙醇溶液中NTO浓度的高精度定量分析模型。通过设计多浓度梯度加热-冷却循环实验获取动态光谱数据，采用隔离森林算法剔除异常样本，系统评价各种预处理方法对模型性能的影响。结果表明，与其他模型相比，偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）具有更好的泛化能力。C=O和-NO2对应的振动带被确定为浓度估计的关键预测因子。这项工作为NTO结晶过程中的实时浓度监测提供了一种高效可靠的解决方案，并在含能材料制造的过程分析应用中具有重大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the dynamic response of HSTM under combined shock waves and sub-millimeter particle swarms loading 激波与亚毫米粒子群复合载荷下HSTM动态响应的实验研究

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.007

RuiJun Fan , XiaoFeng Wang , ShaoHong Wang , JinYing Wang , He Huang , AiGuo Pi

Low collateral damage weapons achieve controlled personnel injury through the coupling of shock waves and particle swarms, where the particle swarms arise from the high-explosive dispersion of compacted metal particle ring. To investigate the dynamic response of the human target under combined shock waves and particle swarms loading, a physical human surrogate torso model (HSTM) was developed, and the dynamic response test experiment was conducted under the combined loading. The effects of particle size on the loading parameters, the damage patterns of the ballistic plate and HSTM, and the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM with and without protection are mainly analyzed. Our findings revealed that particle swarms can effectively delay the shock wave attenuation, especially the best effect when the particle size was 0.28–0.45 mm. The ballistic plate mainly exhibited dense perforation of the outer fabric and impacted crater damage of ceramic plates, whereas the unprotected HSTM was mainly dominated by high-density and small-size ballistic cavity group damage. The peak values of the dynamic response parameters for the HSTM under combined loading were significantly larger than those under bare charge loading, with multiple peaks observed. Under unprotected conditions, the peak acceleration of skeletons and peak pressure of organs increased with the particle size. Under protected conditions, the particle size, the number of particles hit, and the fit of the ballistic plate to the HSTM together affected the dynamic response parameters of the HSTM.

低附带伤害武器是通过冲击波与粒子群的耦合作用来实现对人员的可控伤害，其中粒子群是由压实的金属颗粒环的高爆分散产生的。为了研究冲击波和粒子群复合载荷下人体目标的动态响应，建立了人体实体模型（HSTM），并进行了复合载荷下的动态响应测试实验。重点分析了颗粒尺寸对加载参数的影响、弹道板和弹道板的损伤模式以及有无防护时弹道板的动态响应参数。研究结果表明，粒子群可以有效地延缓冲击波的衰减，特别是当粒径为0.28 ~ 0.45 mm时效果最好。弹道板主要表现为外层织物的致密穿孔和陶瓷板的撞击坑损伤，而未保护的HSTM主要以高密度和小尺寸的弹道腔群损伤为主。复合加载条件下HSTM的动态响应参数峰值明显大于裸荷加载条件下的峰值，且存在多个峰值。在无防护条件下，骨架的峰值加速度和器官的峰值压力随颗粒尺寸的增大而增大。在防护条件下，颗粒的大小、击中颗粒的数量以及弹道板与HSTM的配合程度共同影响着HSTM的动态响应参数。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative surface modification strategy for ADN: PFOA-interlayered and vibrational magnetron sputtering for constructing anti-hygroscopic composite structures 创新的ADN表面改性策略：pfoa层间和振动磁控溅射制备抗吸湿复合材料结构

IF 5.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Defence Technology(防务技术)

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2025.06.012

Yinan Lyu , Xiaoxia Ma , Xiaoting Ren , Shuping Sun , Lin Shi , Li Yang

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), as a high-energy oxidizer widely applied in the field of rocket and missile propellants, has a prominent issue of high hygroscopicity due to its strong polarity. The previous coating encapsulation methods have struggled to address the problems of uneven coating and polarity mismatch. This research innovatively introduces perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as a polar transition intermediate layer. Utilizing the polarity of one end of it to adsorb on the surface of ADN through hydrogen bonds, the problem of polarity mismatch is effectively overcome. Meanwhile, the vibrational magnetron sputtering process has been first applied in the energetic field, with a special vibrating abutment enhancing ADN particle fluidity to solve coating non-uniformity, thus preparing prilled ADN@PFOA@PTFE core-dual-shell composites. Performance tests reveal that this composite material possesses excellent hydrophobic and anti-hygroscopic properties. When left at 25 °C and 75% RH for 3 days, moisture absorption was reduced by more than 90% compared to pure ADN. Simultaneously, its thermal stability, heat release performance, and combustion performance have been improved. The research achievements optimize the storage conditions of ADN in the application of rocket and missile propellants, providing solid support and broad development prospects for technological innovation in military fields.

二硝酰胺铵（ADN）作为一种广泛应用于火箭和导弹推进剂领域的高能氧化剂，由于其强极性，其吸湿性高的问题十分突出。以前的涂层封装方法一直在努力解决涂层不均匀和极性不匹配的问题。本研究创新性地引入了全氟辛酸（PFOA）作为极性过渡中间层。利用其一端的极性通过氢键吸附在ADN表面，有效地克服了极性不匹配的问题。同时，振动磁控溅射工艺首次应用于高能领域，通过特殊的振动基台增强ADN颗粒流动性来解决涂层不均匀性，制备出了颗粒状ADN@PFOA@PTFE核-双壳复合材料。性能试验表明，该复合材料具有优异的疏水性和抗吸湿性能。在25°C和75% RH下放置3天，与纯ADN相比，吸湿率降低了90%以上。同时，它的热稳定性、放热性能和燃烧性能都得到了改善。研究成果优化了ADN在火箭和导弹推进剂应用中的储存条件，为军事领域的技术创新提供了坚实的支撑和广阔的发展前景。

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