International Journal of Biometeorology最新文献

Urbanization is widely acknowledged as a driving force behind the increase in land surface temperature (LST), while blue-green spaces (BGS) are recognized for their cooling effect. However, research on the long-term correlation between the two in highly urbanized areas remains limited. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the correlation and changes between urban expansion-induced LST rise and the cooling effect of BGS in the Hangzhou metropolitan area from 2000 to 2020. Our approach combines Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platforms, utilizing a random forest land use classification technique in conjunction with the Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The findings reveal a strong relationship between land expansion and the intensification of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. The spatial heat island effect exhibits an exponential expansion in area, with an interannual LST rise of 0.4 °C. Notably, urban centers exert the highest regional heat contribution, while remote suburbs have the most significant impact on reducing LST. The impact of BGS on LST varies, fluctuating more in areas close to urban centers and less in water-rich areas. This study contributes to a better understanding of the cooling potential of BGS in rapid urbanized Metropolitan, offering valuable insights for sustainable urban planning.

There is a growing interest in weight loss in today's world. Environmental factors are the main contributor behind the rapidly spreading obesity during pandemic. Exercise and diet are two controllable elements that significantly effect on energy balance., The use of cold application such as cold-water immersion, cold abdominal pack, balneotherapy, cold exposure, water drinking, steam, and sauna sessions, has shown a positive impact in weight management. This review explains the mechanism and various types of hydrotherapy applications managing weight through thermogenesis and non-shivering thermogenic pathways, which involve the brown adipose tissue, and dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hence the present literature provides insight into use of hydrotherapy applications for future direction in weight management.

This study investigates the impact of regional climate changes on the production, quality, chemical composition, and phenological patterns of Rioja wine in Spain from 1993 to 2017. Data from DOCa Rioja and the Marqués de Riscal winery were analyzed in conjunction with meteorological and remote sensing data to provide a comprehensive evaluation. The findings reveal an increase in alcohol content and pH, coupled with a decrease in acidity, correlative to phenological shifts such as earlier grape ripening and reduced leaf canopy. Additionally, a thorough examination of monthly climate anomalies highlights the significance of May in determining harvest outcomes, influenced by the Eastern Atlantic (EA) mode of low-frequency variability. The potential connection between springtime weather conditions and tropical climate variability is also explored.

In an era where global climate change is shifting plant phenology, global meta-analyses of multiple species are required more than ever. Common language or references for enhanced data compatibility are key for such analyses. Although the Plant Phenology Ontology (PPO) addresses this challenge, it does not capture several relevant reproductive structures that are critical in species with long reproductive cycles, like many Eucalyptus species. We reviewed the terminology and concepts that describe reproductive structures in eucalypts and compared them with the existing classes of the PPO to explore the PPO's potential for harmonizing disparate eucalypt datasets. We identified incongruencies within and between eucalypt terminology and the PPO. We tested the sensitivity of the PPO for capturing key eucalypt phenological structures and found it sensitive to classification of certain structures. To address these limitations, we developed the Eucalyptus Phenology Ontology (EPO), a new ontology that builds on the PPO and captures key reproductive structures using a more refined classification. The EPO integrates the relationships between reproductive structures, phenological stages, and phenological traits. The vocabulary is species-neutral so it can be applied to other taxa but specifies the synonyms and descriptions required to capture the complexity of eucalypt phenology.

The flowering period of durian is influenced by weather conditions such as prolonged drought and low temperatures. However, the specific criteria and durations of these conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to identify weather conditions that trigger durian flowering by monitoring its phenology and analyzing the relationship between minimum temperature and rainfall using two types of durian- grafting type and seed-grown type. Three flowering events were observed in 2022 and two in 2023. Considering there were no differences in the number or timing of flowering events among the two types, it suggests that genetic background differences do not influence flowering phenology. All flowering events were best explained using the 15-day moving average of rainfall, with the peak of the first flowering occurring approximately 50 days after the 15-day moving average of rainfall fell below 1 mm. These results suggest that drought accumulation over approximately 15 days may trigger the induction of durian flower buds. However, no correlation was determined between the minimum temperature and the first flowering date. These findings indicate that durian flowering is induced by milder drought conditions than those previously proposed. Differences in variety and climate may have led to results different from those reported in earlier studies. Long-term monitoring across multiple sites and varieties is required to discuss these differences further.

Intensive observations were collected in a wide range of synoptic weather conditions to evaluate variability in the intra-urban heat island on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte between February 2023 and June 2023. An easily reproducible bicycle-based mobile transit route around the university was traversed during 20 afternoon and 20 evening periods. The magnitude of observed temperature range from an individual data collection period is defined as the campus urban heat island intensity, with areas having more anthropogenic modification also having higher temperatures. While other papers have examined the relationship between the city-scale urban heat island intensity and the present weather conditions, this paper aims to disentangle the relationship between present weather conditions and the magnitude of thermal variability across a small intra-urban campus with diverse land use and land cover characteristics. This will contribute to a better understanding of intra-urban heat islands, particularly identifying days where conditions will be highly dangerous in more developed areas, and not in more natural environments. When comparing the standardized mobile-transit observations to the regionally present weather conditions it is evident that clear and calm conditions often enhance both city-scale and campus-scale heat islands, increasing temperature disparities. While the spatial distribution of warm and cool areas across campus remains relatively constant, the campus-scale heat island is significantly modulated by the present weather conditions.

Crop phenology is very important in regular crop monitoring. Generally, phenology is monitored through field observation surveys or satellite data. The relationships between ground observations and remotely sensed derived phenological data can enable near-real-time monitoring over large areas, which has never been attempted on hazelnuts. In this study, we extracted phenological metrics derived from MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in hazelnut production regions and compared them with the spring ground phenological data (BBCH scale) from orchards located in the same area of Turkey over the period from 2019 to 2022. We observed a specific temporal dynamic between remote sensing phenometrics and ground observations. The metrics Greenup, Upturning Date, and Threshold 20% metrics corresponded to the early of EVI growth and were synchronous with the female flowering of hazelnut and ending before bud break. The metrics Threshold 50% and Start of season were associated with the steepest portion of the EVI curve, i.e., canopy greening and thickening, and occurred between ovaries enlargement and leaves unfolding. The metrics Peak of Season, Stabilization Date, and Maturity corresponded to the end of spring vegetative growth. The main outcomes are that (i) female flowering occurred before 20% of vegetation development (BBCH 64P occurred about one month before Threshold 20%), (ii) phenometrics from satellite remote sensing (i.e., Upturning Date and Threshold 20%) well-reflected leaf emergence (r_s = 0.30 and r_s = 0.32, respectively; p < 0.05) and unfolding (r_s = 0.35 and r_s = 0.39, respectively; p < 0.05), and (iii) cluster appearance temporally aligned with the peak of the EVI curve (Stabilization Date and BBCH 71P differed by around 4 days). Our method is transferable to operational phenology monitoring, and future applications will consider the senescence season and the effect of environmental variability on the comprehension of vegetation dynamics.

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is one of the major threats to human health, and may partly responsible for intentional self-harm deaths, while the limited results seemed contradictory. Further analysis on PM_2.5 constituents may provide more reliable evidence. Heavy metals are crucial toxic components of PM_2.5 that may induce suicide behavior. What role do PM_2.5-bound heavy metals play in a threat to intentional self-harm death is still unclear. Two-year data of daily PM_2.5-bound heavy metals (including metalloids) and daily intentional self-harm deaths were collected in Guangzhou. Bayesian kernel machine regression, weighted quantile sum, and quantile-based g-computation models were employed to depict the relationships between heavy metals and intentional self-harm deaths. The number of intentional self-harm deaths was 217 and 283 for 2015 and 2016, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the combined effect of the 13 heavy metals and intentional self-harm deaths. Nickel, cadmium, and iron were the primary contributors to this positive correlation. Heavy metal components play significant roles in PM_2.5-related intentional self-harm deaths, and targeted source control measures are warranted to protect residents from suicide.