In the detection of RNA biomarkers, conventional PCR-based workflows such as reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and ligation-PCR each exhibit inherent limitations. RT-PCR requires cDNA synthesis and often struggles with targets of high sequence similarity or atypical length and structure. Ligation-PCR improves sequence discrimination by enzymatically joining adjacent probes only when perfectly matched, yet conventional two-step formats—where ligation and amplification are performed separately—introduce workflow complexity, increased handling, and contamination risk. To overcome these challenges, we developed a glyoxal-assisted one-pot ligation-PCR assay that integrates probe ligation and PCR amplification within a single closed-tube system. The method employs thermally responsive glyoxal-caged primers that remain inactive during the ligation phase and are gradually activated during PCR cycling, thereby preventing premature extension and minimizing nonspecific amplification. Validated primarily on mRNA splice variants, the assay achieved sensitivity comparable to conventional two-step ligation-PCR while providing markedly improved discrimination among closely related splice isoforms. Additional experiments demonstrate the feasibility of extending this strategy to microRNA detection. This streamlined one-tube strategy simplifies operation, reduces contamination risk, and establishes a robust and efficient one-pot ligation-PCR framework that is readily adaptable to different RNA targets for precise RNA biomarker detection.
{"title":"One-Pot Ligation-PCR for Universal RNA Biomarker Detection","authors":"Jinding Liu, Zhixin Xie, Nini Li, Jiajia Li, Minghua Zhang, Yongqiang Cheng, Jiangyan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5an01203a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01203a","url":null,"abstract":"In the detection of RNA biomarkers, conventional PCR-based workflows such as reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and ligation-PCR each exhibit inherent limitations. RT-PCR requires cDNA synthesis and often struggles with targets of high sequence similarity or atypical length and structure. Ligation-PCR improves sequence discrimination by enzymatically joining adjacent probes only when perfectly matched, yet conventional two-step formats—where ligation and amplification are performed separately—introduce workflow complexity, increased handling, and contamination risk. To overcome these challenges, we developed a glyoxal-assisted one-pot ligation-PCR assay that integrates probe ligation and PCR amplification within a single closed-tube system. The method employs thermally responsive glyoxal-caged primers that remain inactive during the ligation phase and are gradually activated during PCR cycling, thereby preventing premature extension and minimizing nonspecific amplification. Validated primarily on mRNA splice variants, the assay achieved sensitivity comparable to conventional two-step ligation-PCR while providing markedly improved discrimination among closely related splice isoforms. Additional experiments demonstrate the feasibility of extending this strategy to microRNA detection. This streamlined one-tube strategy simplifies operation, reduces contamination risk, and establishes a robust and efficient one-pot ligation-PCR framework that is readily adaptable to different RNA targets for precise RNA biomarker detection.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaury Guillou, Nicolas Joudiou, Alice Fortin, Fabienne Gourand, Lionel Mignion, Bénédicte F. Jordan, Dominique Cahard, Cecile Perrio
Biocompatibility and hydrophilicity are key factors in the design of water-soluble imaging probes, particularly for 19F MRI, where perfluorocarbon contrast agents are typically highly hydrophobic. To address this limitation, two original sultones containing a polyfluorinated pentaerythritol scaffold were developed and evaluated as precursors of hydrophilic and sensitive 19F MRI tags. Their ring opening with 19/18F-fluoride led quantitatively to the corresponding polyfluorinated sulfo compounds that demonstrated water-solubility properties suitable for formulation and in vivo injection. 19F MRI studies in mice, performed with unprecedentedly low doses (<100 µM) of the stable polyfluorinated sulfo compounds provided high-contrast whole-body images consistent with PET imaging of their radiofluorinated analogues. These findings demonstrate that polyfluorinated sultones are promising chemical precursors for 19F MRI and dual 19F MRI/18F PET probes, enabling improved diagnostic performance.
{"title":"A dual-modal 19F MRI / 18F PET approach using sultones derived chemical tags","authors":"Amaury Guillou, Nicolas Joudiou, Alice Fortin, Fabienne Gourand, Lionel Mignion, Bénédicte F. Jordan, Dominique Cahard, Cecile Perrio","doi":"10.1039/d5an01102g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01102g","url":null,"abstract":"Biocompatibility and hydrophilicity are key factors in the design of water-soluble imaging probes, particularly for <small><sup>19</sup></small>F MRI, where perfluorocarbon contrast agents are typically highly hydrophobic. To address this limitation, two original sultones containing a polyfluorinated pentaerythritol scaffold were developed and evaluated as precursors of hydrophilic and sensitive <small><sup>19</sup></small>F MRI tags. Their ring opening with <small><sup>19/18</sup></small>F-fluoride led quantitatively to the corresponding polyfluorinated sulfo compounds that demonstrated water-solubility properties suitable for formulation and <em>in vivo</em> injection. <small><sup>19</sup></small>F MRI studies in mice, performed with unprecedentedly low doses (<100 µM) of the stable polyfluorinated sulfo compounds provided high-contrast whole-body images consistent with PET imaging of their radiofluorinated analogues. These findings demonstrate that polyfluorinated sultones are promising chemical precursors for <small><sup>19</sup></small>F MRI and dual <small><sup>19</sup></small>F MRI/<small><sup>18</sup></small>F PET probes, enabling improved diagnostic performance.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an optically transparent semiconductor used in many optoelectronic devices. In this work, the porous property of an ITO membrane coated on the surface of a bent optical fiber probe (BOP) was explored in the effort of developing an optical fiber crystal violet sensor. It was discovered that the flowable electrons promoted to ITO's conduction band by UV photons enhanced the adsorption of crystal violet into the porous ITO membrane, and significantly increased the sensitivity of optical fiber evanescent wave absorption spectrometry for detecting this compound in aqueous sample solutions. Compared with a bare fiber BOFP, the sensitivity of the porous ITO-coated BOFP was 2.2*10 4 times more sensitive in fiber optic EW absorption spectrometric detection of crystal violet in aqueous sample solutions. This sensor achieved a detection limit of 5.3 ng/mL, which is much lower than the detection limit of traditional UV/Vis spectrometry for detecting this compound in aqueous sample solutions.The sensor was tested for analyzing crystal violet concentration in a pharmacy product, Gentian Violet, purchased from a local pharmacy store, and obtained analytical results agrees well with that obtained with a conventional UV/Vis absorption spectrometric method. A standard addition/recovery test was also performed using tap water as sample matrix to verify the effectiveness of the sensor for quick analyzing crystal violet in water samples, and the obtained recovery rate ranged from 98.7% to 101%.
{"title":"An optical fiber crystal violet sensor using a porous ITO membrane coated on an optical fiber surface with UV photon-enhanced sensitivity","authors":"Josiah W. Miller, Shiquan Tao","doi":"10.1039/d5an01156f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01156f","url":null,"abstract":"Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an optically transparent semiconductor used in many optoelectronic devices. In this work, the porous property of an ITO membrane coated on the surface of a bent optical fiber probe (BOP) was explored in the effort of developing an optical fiber crystal violet sensor. It was discovered that the flowable electrons promoted to ITO's conduction band by UV photons enhanced the adsorption of crystal violet into the porous ITO membrane, and significantly increased the sensitivity of optical fiber evanescent wave absorption spectrometry for detecting this compound in aqueous sample solutions. Compared with a bare fiber BOFP, the sensitivity of the porous ITO-coated BOFP was 2.2*10 4 times more sensitive in fiber optic EW absorption spectrometric detection of crystal violet in aqueous sample solutions. This sensor achieved a detection limit of 5.3 ng/mL, which is much lower than the detection limit of traditional UV/Vis spectrometry for detecting this compound in aqueous sample solutions.The sensor was tested for analyzing crystal violet concentration in a pharmacy product, Gentian Violet, purchased from a local pharmacy store, and obtained analytical results agrees well with that obtained with a conventional UV/Vis absorption spectrometric method. A standard addition/recovery test was also performed using tap water as sample matrix to verify the effectiveness of the sensor for quick analyzing crystal violet in water samples, and the obtained recovery rate ranged from 98.7% to 101%.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existence of the skin barrier severely limits the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery, while traditional administration methods also have problems such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance. As a new generation of transdermal drug delivery technology, microneedles have been extensively studied due to their advantages of painlessness, minimal invasiveness, and precise controlled release. However, there are still many bottlenecks and controversies in their technical system that have not been thoroughly explored. This review systematically summarizes different types of microneedle design, namely solid, hollow, dissolvable, coated, and swelling types, as well as preparation technologies ranging from traditional etching and injection molding to emerging 3D printing and laser processing. It critically points out the shortcomings of current microneedle research in terms of balancing mechanical properties, controlling large-scale production costs, and adapting to complex physiological environments. In particular, aiming at issues such as insufficient mechanical strength of polymer microneedles, limited biocompatibility of metal and silicon-based materials, and reliability problems of intelligent responsive microneedles in practical applications, multi-dimensional optimization paths are proposed. This article further highlights the innovative applications of microneedles in vaccine delivery, chronic disease management, anti-tumor therapy, and cosmetic regenerative medicine, such as cutting-edge directions like stimulus-responsive microneedles enabling on-demand drug release and the synergistic effect of microneedles with nanocarriers. At the same time, it sharply points out the translational challenges faced by related technologies in moving from the laboratory to clinical practice. Finally, this article looks forward to the development opportunities of microneedles in personalized medicine and the integration of intelligent diagnosis and treatment, providing a critical perspective and theoretical basis for promoting their leap from technical concept to clinical practicality.
{"title":"Design, preparation of microneedles and their applications in medical diagnosis and cosmetic regeneration.","authors":"Shanqi Bao, Huanhuan Shi, Weizheng Xu, Zidong Zhou, Shijie Qu, Xinyi Wang, Ziwen Cheng, Chen Huang","doi":"10.1039/d5an01095k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01095k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existence of the skin barrier severely limits the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery, while traditional administration methods also have problems such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance. As a new generation of transdermal drug delivery technology, microneedles have been extensively studied due to their advantages of painlessness, minimal invasiveness, and precise controlled release. However, there are still many bottlenecks and controversies in their technical system that have not been thoroughly explored. This review systematically summarizes different types of microneedle design, namely solid, hollow, dissolvable, coated, and swelling types, as well as preparation technologies ranging from traditional etching and injection molding to emerging 3D printing and laser processing. It critically points out the shortcomings of current microneedle research in terms of balancing mechanical properties, controlling large-scale production costs, and adapting to complex physiological environments. In particular, aiming at issues such as insufficient mechanical strength of polymer microneedles, limited biocompatibility of metal and silicon-based materials, and reliability problems of intelligent responsive microneedles in practical applications, multi-dimensional optimization paths are proposed. This article further highlights the innovative applications of microneedles in vaccine delivery, chronic disease management, anti-tumor therapy, and cosmetic regenerative medicine, such as cutting-edge directions like stimulus-responsive microneedles enabling on-demand drug release and the synergistic effect of microneedles with nanocarriers. At the same time, it sharply points out the translational challenges faced by related technologies in moving from the laboratory to clinical practice. Finally, this article looks forward to the development opportunities of microneedles in personalized medicine and the integration of intelligent diagnosis and treatment, providing a critical perspective and theoretical basis for promoting their leap from technical concept to clinical practicality.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we fabricated and evaluated a highly sensitive Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based anion-responsive nanoemulsion optode (FRET-NE optode), using the originally-developed lipophilic fluorescent dye liquid. When the donor (D) dye liquid designed and synthesized for previously developed poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) film optode is directly applied to the NE optode, it was found that the D dye liquid leaked into the aqueous phase upon anion response due to the lack of sufficient lipophilicity. To address this issue, we designed and synthesized a new D dye liquid incorporating lipophilic alkyl chain. This modification successfully prevented leakage and enabled the construction of a stable FRET-NE optode. However, a new challenge emerged: the fabricated FRET-NE optode exhibited a significant background signal upon mixing with buffer solution. This was attributed to protonation of the acceptor (A) dye nearby the organic–aqueous interface. Upon addition of an anion ionophore, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the A dye and the anion ionophore suppressed protonation near the organic-aqueous interface, and resulted in effectively suppressing the background signal. This paper highlights the critical importance of D dye liquid lipophilicity in FRET-NE optode fabrication, and demonstrates that hydrogen-bonding interactions between the A dye and anion ionophore are effective in suppressing background signals. The optimized FRET-NE optode composition exhibited approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity compared to conventional non-FRET sensors. These findings suggest that the application of FRET using fluorescent dye liquids holds great promise for dramatically enhancing the sensitivity of conventional NE optodes.
{"title":"Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Anion Responsive Nanoemulsion Optodes: Importance of Fluorescent Dye Liquid Lipophilicity and Ionophore-dye Interaction for Stable and Background-free Anion Response","authors":"Daiki Matsumoto, Kenji Sueyoshi, Tatsuro Endo, Hideaki Hisamoto","doi":"10.1039/d5an01097g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01097g","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we fabricated and evaluated a highly sensitive Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based anion-responsive nanoemulsion optode (FRET-NE optode), using the originally-developed lipophilic fluorescent dye liquid. When the donor (D) dye liquid designed and synthesized for previously developed poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) film optode is directly applied to the NE optode, it was found that the D dye liquid leaked into the aqueous phase upon anion response due to the lack of sufficient lipophilicity. To address this issue, we designed and synthesized a new D dye liquid incorporating lipophilic alkyl chain. This modification successfully prevented leakage and enabled the construction of a stable FRET-NE optode. However, a new challenge emerged: the fabricated FRET-NE optode exhibited a significant background signal upon mixing with buffer solution. This was attributed to protonation of the acceptor (A) dye nearby the organic–aqueous interface. Upon addition of an anion ionophore, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the A dye and the anion ionophore suppressed protonation near the organic-aqueous interface, and resulted in effectively suppressing the background signal. This paper highlights the critical importance of D dye liquid lipophilicity in FRET-NE optode fabrication, and demonstrates that hydrogen-bonding interactions between the A dye and anion ionophore are effective in suppressing background signals. The optimized FRET-NE optode composition exhibited approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity compared to conventional non-FRET sensors. These findings suggest that the application of FRET using fluorescent dye liquids holds great promise for dramatically enhancing the sensitivity of conventional NE optodes.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a critical disinfectant in public health and water treatment, yet its excessive presence in environmental matrices poses significant risks to human health (e.g., respiratory irritation, tissue damage) and aquatic ecosystems (e.g., biodiversity loss). Herein, we developed an oxidative cleavage-based hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for highly sensitive detection of HClO. The sensor utilizes a dual-lock switch mechanism: HClO selectively cleaves a phosphorothioated (PS) DNA hairpin (Lock 1), releasing an initiator strand to trigger the HCR and generate PAM-containing long dsDNA. Simultaneously, the locked crRNA (L-crRNA), which is caged by a PS-modified silent chain (Lock 2), can be released when the PS-modified silent chain is degraded under HClO incubation, allowing the activated crRNA to dynamically regulate Cas12a-crRNA complex formation. Then, HCR-dsDNA activates Cas12a's trans-cleavage activity, enabling fluorescence signal readout via reporter DNA cleavage. The dual-lock strategy minimizes nonspecific activation in CRISPR/Cas12a systems, significantly enhancing sensitivity and specificity. Our work establishes a robust platform for environmental pollutant monitoring, with applications in water safety assessment and food quality control.
{"title":"An oxidative cleavage-based HCR-CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for highly sensitive detection of hypochlorous acid.","authors":"Xin Liu,Xiangyue Wang,Shaoying He,Mingxi Li,Chunhua Lu,Chao Xing","doi":"10.1039/d5an01299f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01299f","url":null,"abstract":"Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a critical disinfectant in public health and water treatment, yet its excessive presence in environmental matrices poses significant risks to human health (e.g., respiratory irritation, tissue damage) and aquatic ecosystems (e.g., biodiversity loss). Herein, we developed an oxidative cleavage-based hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for highly sensitive detection of HClO. The sensor utilizes a dual-lock switch mechanism: HClO selectively cleaves a phosphorothioated (PS) DNA hairpin (Lock 1), releasing an initiator strand to trigger the HCR and generate PAM-containing long dsDNA. Simultaneously, the locked crRNA (L-crRNA), which is caged by a PS-modified silent chain (Lock 2), can be released when the PS-modified silent chain is degraded under HClO incubation, allowing the activated crRNA to dynamically regulate Cas12a-crRNA complex formation. Then, HCR-dsDNA activates Cas12a's trans-cleavage activity, enabling fluorescence signal readout via reporter DNA cleavage. The dual-lock strategy minimizes nonspecific activation in CRISPR/Cas12a systems, significantly enhancing sensitivity and specificity. Our work establishes a robust platform for environmental pollutant monitoring, with applications in water safety assessment and food quality control.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compared with the extensive research on G-rich nucleic acids, the catalytic properties of T-rich sequences have received limited attention. Herein, the peroxidase-like activity of poly-T sequences was investigated, and the results demonstrated that the poly-T sequences can display peroxidase-like activity with acetic acid as an activator, and the catalytic efficiency is positively correlated with sequence length. Based on this, we constructed a novel homogeneous colorimetric sensing platform with melamine as the target. The platform utilizes a long-chain poly-T sequence to catalyze the TMB-H2O2 chromogenic reaction in acetate buffer. The introduction of melamine induces the formation of the T-melamine-T structure, which causes a conformational change and significantly suppresses its catalytic activity. The dual-function design integrates the catalytic and recognition roles in a single ssDNA sequence, enabling rapid on-site detection via structure-dependent activity modulation.
{"title":"Structure-adaptive dual-function poly-T sequences enable homogeneous label-free colorimetric sensing platform","authors":"Shao-Yu Sun, Yi Song, An-Qi Xiao, Xin-Yan Zhang, Xu-Xia Yan, Huidong Qiu, Qianyu Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d5an01335f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01335f","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with the extensive research on G-rich nucleic acids, the catalytic properties of T-rich sequences have received limited attention. Herein, the peroxidase-like activity of poly-T sequences was investigated, and the results demonstrated that the poly-T sequences can display peroxidase-like activity with acetic acid as an activator, and the catalytic efficiency is positively correlated with sequence length. Based on this, we constructed a novel homogeneous colorimetric sensing platform with melamine as the target. The platform utilizes a long-chain poly-T sequence to catalyze the TMB-H2O2 chromogenic reaction in acetate buffer. The introduction of melamine induces the formation of the T-melamine-T structure, which causes a conformational change and significantly suppresses its catalytic activity. The dual-function design integrates the catalytic and recognition roles in a single ssDNA sequence, enabling rapid on-site detection via structure-dependent activity modulation.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial wastewater treatment in sectors such as food, sugar, textiles, and pharmaceuticals has attracted interest in the use of traditional methodologies in combination with Artificial Intelligence (AI). This combination of treatment technologies enhances operational and management efficiency by leveraging conventional technologies and AI-enabled predictive capabilities, real-time optimization, decision-making, and management. This synergistic combination addresses the threatened challenges spread by wastewater resources. Here, we review the characteristics of wastewater and the treatment technologies used, including conventional physicochemical and bioremediation methods, as well as AI techniques. These have helped identify numerous pollutant types in industrial wastewater and for optimization modelling, while integration of traditional techniques signifies cutting-edge innovation. Recent advancements in conventional and AI modelling tuned for sugar, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industrial wastewater have been discussed, along with the exploration of AI methodologies for monitoring, prediction, and process optimization, offering valuable insights into the evolving scenery of wastewater treatment technologies.
{"title":"Comparative Studies for Conventional and AI Methods for Sugar, Food, Textile, and Pharmaceutical Industries Wastewater Treatment: A Review","authors":"Shagufta Jabin, Ritu Bir, Sadiqa Abbas, Jyoti Chawla, Anisha ., Sapana Jadoun","doi":"10.1039/d5an00975h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an00975h","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater treatment in sectors such as food, sugar, textiles, and pharmaceuticals has attracted interest in the use of traditional methodologies in combination with Artificial Intelligence (AI). This combination of treatment technologies enhances operational and management efficiency by leveraging conventional technologies and AI-enabled predictive capabilities, real-time optimization, decision-making, and management. This synergistic combination addresses the threatened challenges spread by wastewater resources. Here, we review the characteristics of wastewater and the treatment technologies used, including conventional physicochemical and bioremediation methods, as well as AI techniques. These have helped identify numerous pollutant types in industrial wastewater and for optimization modelling, while integration of traditional techniques signifies cutting-edge innovation. Recent advancements in conventional and AI modelling tuned for sugar, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industrial wastewater have been discussed, along with the exploration of AI methodologies for monitoring, prediction, and process optimization, offering valuable insights into the evolving scenery of wastewater treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ava Rossetti, xenia kostoulias, Magdalena Giergiel, Jhih-Hang Jiang, Anton Y Peleg, Kamila Kochan
Fast diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in high-priority pathogens, is essential to maintain the best-possible patient outcomes. In this communication, we present a new approach for rapid AMR assessment that is able to distinguish between vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VRE and VSE, respectively) within 2 hours using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, chemometrics and chemometrics-based modelling. This study outlined how early spectral markers of effective vancomycin action were used to accurately predict resistance profiles in both known and blinded Enterococcus samples. This paper provides the foundation for a rapid diagnostic tool that enables faster determination of bacterial susceptibility, supporting timely clinical decisions and better patient outcomes.
{"title":"Vibrational spectroscopy for rapid profiling of vancomycin susceptibility in Enterococci","authors":"Ava Rossetti, xenia kostoulias, Magdalena Giergiel, Jhih-Hang Jiang, Anton Y Peleg, Kamila Kochan","doi":"10.1039/d5an01068c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01068c","url":null,"abstract":"Fast diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in high-priority pathogens, is essential to maintain the best-possible patient outcomes. In this communication, we present a new approach for rapid AMR assessment that is able to distinguish between vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VRE and VSE, respectively) within 2 hours using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, chemometrics and chemometrics-based modelling. This study outlined how early spectral markers of effective vancomycin action were used to accurately predict resistance profiles in both known and blinded <em>Enterococcus</em> samples. This paper provides the foundation for a rapid diagnostic tool that enables faster determination of bacterial susceptibility, supporting timely clinical decisions and better patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Clara D N G Leal,Binhan Yu,Tianzhi Wang,Junji Iwahara
Advances in probe hardware that can produce strong field gradients have expanded the applicability of NMR-based diffusion measurements for various inorganic ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Li+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-), thereby facilitating a wide range of chemical research. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, the commonly used NMR pulse sequences for diffusion measurements are not optimally suited for inorganic ions. For many inorganic ions, their NMR-active nuclei are quadrupolar nuclei with small gyromagnetic ratios and rapid longitudinal relaxation. These properties inherently reduce sensitivity, particularly when magnetization must be stored along the longitudinal axis, as required in stimulated-echo schemes. Strong gradients also demand efficient suppression of eddy current effects. Using 39K and 25Mg diffusion NMR experiments on DNA solutions, we demonstrate that the bipolar-pair (BPP) spin-echo method provides more than a 2-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to the BPP stimulated-echo method. While both methods yield consistent diffusion coefficients and achieve equally effective suppression of eddy currents, the BPP spin-echo method provides notably improved precision due to its higher signal-to-noise ratio in the NMR spectra. When strong gradients are available, the BPP spin-echo method is a more robust and sensitive option for diffusion NMR of inorganic ions, reducing the measurement time by a factor of 4 compared to the stimulated-echo method.
{"title":"Improved NMR-based diffusion measurements for inorganic ions.","authors":"Maria Clara D N G Leal,Binhan Yu,Tianzhi Wang,Junji Iwahara","doi":"10.1039/d5an01232e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an01232e","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in probe hardware that can produce strong field gradients have expanded the applicability of NMR-based diffusion measurements for various inorganic ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Li+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-), thereby facilitating a wide range of chemical research. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, the commonly used NMR pulse sequences for diffusion measurements are not optimally suited for inorganic ions. For many inorganic ions, their NMR-active nuclei are quadrupolar nuclei with small gyromagnetic ratios and rapid longitudinal relaxation. These properties inherently reduce sensitivity, particularly when magnetization must be stored along the longitudinal axis, as required in stimulated-echo schemes. Strong gradients also demand efficient suppression of eddy current effects. Using 39K and 25Mg diffusion NMR experiments on DNA solutions, we demonstrate that the bipolar-pair (BPP) spin-echo method provides more than a 2-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to the BPP stimulated-echo method. While both methods yield consistent diffusion coefficients and achieve equally effective suppression of eddy currents, the BPP spin-echo method provides notably improved precision due to its higher signal-to-noise ratio in the NMR spectra. When strong gradients are available, the BPP spin-echo method is a more robust and sensitive option for diffusion NMR of inorganic ions, reducing the measurement time by a factor of 4 compared to the stimulated-echo method.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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