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Present and Future of Smartphone-Coupled Chemiluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence Assays: A Mini-Review

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01438c

Chunuranjan Dutta, Daniel Citterio, Pabitra Nath

The convergence of smartphones with chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence (CL/ECL) assays marks a transformative leap in the realm of sensing technologies. The traditional CL/ECL assays, known for their high sensitivity and versatility, find extensive applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and forensic sciences. However, these techniques have long been constrained due to the requirement of expensive instrumentations and complex reagent handling and hence limited their accessibility to certain environments. In an era where rapid, accurate, and routine analysis is critical, smartphone-enabled CL/ECL systems offer substantial advantages over conventional analytical methods. Leveraging the universal accessibility and technological sophistication of smartphones, the CL/ECL-based sensing combined with the smartphone has evolved into a cost-efficient and accessible analytical platform. The ability of the combined platform to conduct on-site analysis in real-time with minimal effort has emerged as a game-changer, particularly in low-resource settings. This mini-review explores the rapid evolution of smartphone-coupled CL/ECL systems over the last five years. The article covers the areas where the combined platform has been implemented in recent years for various sensing applications. The review further identifies key challenges that are associated with such combined platforms and finally highlights the future perspectives of the present topic.

{"title":"Present and Future of Smartphone-Coupled Chemiluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence Assays: A Mini-Review","authors":"Chunuranjan Dutta, Daniel Citterio, Pabitra Nath","doi":"10.1039/d4an01438c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01438c","url":null,"abstract":"The convergence of smartphones with chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence (CL/ECL) assays marks a transformative leap in the realm of sensing technologies. The traditional CL/ECL assays, known for their high sensitivity and versatility, find extensive applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and forensic sciences. However, these techniques have long been constrained due to the requirement of expensive instrumentations and complex reagent handling and hence limited their accessibility to certain environments. In an era where rapid, accurate, and routine analysis is critical, smartphone-enabled CL/ECL systems offer substantial advantages over conventional analytical methods. Leveraging the universal accessibility and technological sophistication of smartphones, the CL/ECL-based sensing combined with the smartphone has evolved into a cost-efficient and accessible analytical platform. The ability of the combined platform to conduct on-site analysis in real-time with minimal effort has emerged as a game-changer, particularly in low-resource settings. This mini-review explores the rapid evolution of smartphone-coupled CL/ECL systems over the last five years. The article covers the areas where the combined platform has been implemented in recent years for various sensing applications. The review further identifies key challenges that are associated with such combined platforms and finally highlights the future perspectives of the present topic.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction and mechanism analysis of an ultra-sensitive GCN/Pb2+/PPy heterojunction electrochemiluminescent sensor for detecting Cu (Ⅱ)

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01564a

Jie Wang, Yuhui Yi, Mu Yang, Dongyan Tian, Jinshan Liu, Songmei Wu, Yu Yu, Kejian Ding

A highly stable electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor based on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN)/Pb2+/polypyrrole (PPy) was developed to detect trace copper ions. The hydrochloric acid immersion technique was applied to rearrange PPy chains for the first time. Under optimal experimental conditions, the ECL intensity increased linearly with the Cu2+ concentration in solution from 10-12 M to 10-6 M (1 pM to 1 uM), with a super low limit of detection (LOD) as 10-12 M (1 pM) (S/N = 3). Additionally, the impact of detection on the localized states of the composite nanomaterial was revealed by applying Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP) and Gaussian 16.

引用次数: 0

A low-cost, high-sensitivity 3D printed fluorescence detector

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01378f

Robyn A Snow, Paul Steven Simone Jr., Gary Emmert, Michael A Brown

Fluorescence methods have distinct advantages over traditional absorbance methods including greater sensitivity, improved detection limits, and selectivity. Unfortunately, the cost of typical, commercially available fluorescence detectors is beyond what some industrial and research labs can afford or maintain. Having a relatively low-cost, simple to use, and high-sensitivity fluorescence detector would be very beneficial. The aim of this research is to develop a 3D printed flow through fluorescence detector that does not require complex optics or an expensive excitation source and has comparable performance to a commercial detector. The detector presented here was designed to work with nicotinamide-based methods developed in previous research; however, by simply changing the excitation and emission filters this detector can be adapted to other applications. Several evaluation studies were performed where the relative signal-to-noise ratio, detection limits, accuracy, and precision results for the 3D printed detector were compared to those of a commercial detector using nicotinamide as the analyte. Overall, the detector performed comparably or better than a commercial detector for these metrics.

{"title":"A low-cost, high-sensitivity 3D printed fluorescence detector","authors":"Robyn A Snow, Paul Steven Simone Jr., Gary Emmert, Michael A Brown","doi":"10.1039/d4an01378f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01378f","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence methods have distinct advantages over traditional absorbance methods including greater sensitivity, improved detection limits, and selectivity. Unfortunately, the cost of typical, commercially available fluorescence detectors is beyond what some industrial and research labs can afford or maintain. Having a relatively low-cost, simple to use, and high-sensitivity fluorescence detector would be very beneficial. The aim of this research is to develop a 3D printed flow through fluorescence detector that does not require complex optics or an expensive excitation source and has comparable performance to a commercial detector. The detector presented here was designed to work with nicotinamide-based methods developed in previous research; however, by simply changing the excitation and emission filters this detector can be adapted to other applications. Several evaluation studies were performed where the relative signal-to-noise ratio, detection limits, accuracy, and precision results for the 3D printed detector were compared to those of a commercial detector using nicotinamide as the analyte. Overall, the detector performed comparably or better than a commercial detector for these metrics.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"76 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical Biosensor Utilizing CRISPR/Cas12a Amplification for the Detection of E.coli

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01441c

Chenyan Li, Yilan Liang, Qingcong Feng

Electrochemical biosensors are frequently employed to identify harmful microbes and disease indicators. However, their practical applicability is constrained by poor signal amplification efficiency and immobilization processes on the probe surface. To get over these restrictions, we here integrated roll-cycling amplification (RCA) and CRISPR/Cas12a gene editing tools with electrochemical biosensors. We constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on RCA to activate the cleavage activity of Cas12a. First, by double-stranded nucleic acid aptamer (ds Apt) specifically binding to E.coli-2571, Apt-b was competitively isolated to bind to T4 ligase and produce circular DNA. This in turn activates RCA, which in turn activates the accessory cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a, which in turn cleaves DNA sequences loaded onto the electrode, changing electrochemical signals. With a linear range of 1×102-1×107 CFU/mL, a detection limit of 5.28 CFU/mL, and experimental recoveries of 93.01-101.53%, the measured electrochemical signals were positively connected with the concentration of E.coli-2571 under the optimal experimental conditions. Therefore, by combining two approaches—RCA and CRISPR/Cas12a—our electrochemical biosensor was able to detect E.coli-2571 specifically and sensitively, opening up new research opportunities for the detection of other harmful bacteria.

{"title":"Electrochemical Biosensor Utilizing CRISPR/Cas12a Amplification for the Detection of E.coli","authors":"Chenyan Li, Yilan Liang, Qingcong Feng","doi":"10.1039/d4an01441c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01441c","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical biosensors are frequently employed to identify harmful microbes and disease indicators. However, their practical applicability is constrained by poor signal amplification efficiency and immobilization processes on the probe surface. To get over these restrictions, we here integrated roll-cycling amplification (RCA) and CRISPR/Cas12a gene editing tools with electrochemical biosensors. We constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on RCA to activate the cleavage activity of Cas12a. First, by double-stranded nucleic acid aptamer (ds Apt) specifically binding to E.coli-2571, Apt-b was competitively isolated to bind to T4 ligase and produce circular DNA. This in turn activates RCA, which in turn activates the accessory cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a, which in turn cleaves DNA sequences loaded onto the electrode, changing electrochemical signals. With a linear range of 1×102-1×107 CFU/mL, a detection limit of 5.28 CFU/mL, and experimental recoveries of 93.01-101.53%, the measured electrochemical signals were positively connected with the concentration of E.coli-2571 under the optimal experimental conditions. Therefore, by combining two approaches—RCA and CRISPR/Cas12a—our electrochemical biosensor was able to detect E.coli-2571 specifically and sensitively, opening up new research opportunities for the detection of other harmful bacteria.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of Ag/ZIF-67 cage@Mxene 3D heterogeneous structure for ultrahigh SERS sensitivity and stability

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01493f

Yunpeng Shao, Wenlong Deng, Yue Niu, Zicheng Zhang, Jiwei Song, Yuan Yao, Linyu Mei

There is an urgent need in the field of in situ for rapid extraction and analysis of target molecules from irregular surfaces. The application of SERS technology is often limited by low adhesion between precious metal nanoparticles and the substrate and complex fabrication processes. In order to solve this problem, a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) load Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene 3D detection platform was constructed in this paper (AZMC). The platform takes advantage of the large surface area and defects of MXene flakes to host noble metals, the high carrier transport efficiency between flakes, and van der Waals forces to build highly sensitive and stable composite SERS substrates. The hydrophilicity and subsurface oxidation behavior of MXene makes its optoelectronic performance unstable. In this study, the ZIF-67 cage was chemically bonded to MXene by Co-O-Ti, and the ZIF 67@MXene heterojunction was successfully constructed to maintain the optimal photoelectric stability and excellence of MXene. The high performance of the substrate stems from the synergistic effects of charge transfer (CT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag NP and MXene flakes, while the 3D nanocage structure provides additional hot spot regions. Substrate sensitivity was analyzed using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule (detection limit as low as 10-11 M). Notably, the AZMC substrate is highly stable (SERS performance remains essentially unchanged after 45 days of exposure to air). Using this substrate, we also successfully analyzed methylene blue (MB) molecules and Sudan I molecules on apple epidermis, which were successfully detected at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively.

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of Ag/ZIF-67 cage@Mxene 3D heterogeneous structure for ultrahigh SERS sensitivity and stability","authors":"Yunpeng Shao, Wenlong Deng, Yue Niu, Zicheng Zhang, Jiwei Song, Yuan Yao, Linyu Mei","doi":"10.1039/d4an01493f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01493f","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need in the field of in situ for rapid extraction and analysis of target molecules from irregular surfaces. The application of SERS technology is often limited by low adhesion between precious metal nanoparticles and the substrate and complex fabrication processes. In order to solve this problem, a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) load Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene 3D detection platform was constructed in this paper (AZMC). The platform takes advantage of the large surface area and defects of MXene flakes to host noble metals, the high carrier transport efficiency between flakes, and van der Waals forces to build highly sensitive and stable composite SERS substrates. The hydrophilicity and subsurface oxidation behavior of MXene makes its optoelectronic performance unstable. In this study, the ZIF-67 cage was chemically bonded to MXene by Co-O-Ti, and the ZIF 67@MXene heterojunction was successfully constructed to maintain the optimal photoelectric stability and excellence of MXene. The high performance of the substrate stems from the synergistic effects of charge transfer (CT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag NP and MXene flakes, while the 3D nanocage structure provides additional hot spot regions. Substrate sensitivity was analyzed using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule (detection limit as low as 10-11 M). Notably, the AZMC substrate is highly stable (SERS performance remains essentially unchanged after 45 days of exposure to air). Using this substrate, we also successfully analyzed methylene blue (MB) molecules and Sudan I molecules on apple epidermis, which were successfully detected at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive view of the molecular features within the serum and serum EV of Alzheimer's disease†

IF 3.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4AN01018C

Jiayi Zhang, Xiaoqin Cheng, Anqi Hu, Xin Zhang, Meng Zhang, Lei Zhang, Jiawei Dai, Guoquan Yan, Huali Shen and Guoqiang Fei

Conventional Alzheimer's disease research mainly focuses on cerebrospinal fluid, which requires an invasive sampling procedure. This method carries inherent risks for patients and could potentially lower patient compliance. EVs (Extracellular Vesicles) and blood are two emerging noninvasive mediators reflecting the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Integrating the two serum proteomic information based on DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) is conducive to the comparison of serological research strategies, mining pathological information of AD, and evaluating the potential of EVs and blood in the diagnosis of AD. We generated a combined proteomic data resource of 39 serum samples derived from patients with AD and from age-matched controls (AMC) and identified 639 PGs (protein groups) in serum samples and 714 PGs in serum EV samples. The differentially expressed protein groups identified in both serum and serum EV provide a reflective profile of the pathological characteristics associated with AD. The combined strategy performed well, identifying 40 potential diagnostic markers with AUC values above 0.85, including two molecular diagnostic models that achieved an effectiveness score of 0.991.

{"title":"A comprehensive view of the molecular features within the serum and serum EV of Alzheimer's disease†","authors":"Jiayi Zhang, Xiaoqin Cheng, Anqi Hu, Xin Zhang, Meng Zhang, Lei Zhang, Jiawei Dai, Guoquan Yan, Huali Shen and Guoqiang Fei","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01018C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01018C","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional Alzheimer's disease research mainly focuses on cerebrospinal fluid, which requires an invasive sampling procedure. This method carries inherent risks for patients and could potentially lower patient compliance. EVs (Extracellular Vesicles) and blood are two emerging noninvasive mediators reflecting the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Integrating the two serum proteomic information based on DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) is conducive to the comparison of serological research strategies, mining pathological information of AD, and evaluating the potential of EVs and blood in the diagnosis of AD. We generated a combined proteomic data resource of 39 serum samples derived from patients with AD and from age-matched controls (AMC) and identified 639 PGs (protein groups) in serum samples and 714 PGs in serum EV samples. The differentially expressed protein groups identified in both serum and serum EV provide a reflective profile of the pathological characteristics associated with AD. The combined strategy performed well, identifying 40 potential diagnostic markers with AUC values above 0.85, including two molecular diagnostic models that achieved an effectiveness score of 0.991.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 922-935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water using unmanned boat-borne Raman spectrometer

IF 4.2 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/d4an01587h

Chen Zhang, Jiahui Zhu, Wen-Qi Ye, Rui-Shuang Zhuo, Chi Wang, Xiaohong Liu, Hong Liu, Wei Zhang

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have been widely used in agricultural production. However, their potential harm to human health and the environment cannot be ignored. On-site detection of OPs in water is valuable for pollution source tracing and early warning of environmental pollution. We hereby design an unmanned boat detection system equipped with a Raman spectrometer, which can achieve automated sampling and real-time detection of OPs in water. The unmanned boat detection system integrates automatic sampling, chemical reaction, spectral detection, and signal transmission modules. This method can specifically detect OPs pesticides in water by utilizing the inhibition reaction of OPs to acetylcholinesterase activity. The minimum detection concentration is 700 nM for parathion-methyl. This method shows good anti-interference ability for other kinds of pesticides, demonstrating its applicability for rapid detection of OPs under complex water environmental conditions. Our strategy provides an efficient solution for real-time, flexible OPs monitoring in the water environment.

引用次数: 0

A non-enzymatic highly stable electrochemical sensing platform based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles for the detection of the soil nitrate content†

IF 3.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1039/D4AN01345J

Bimalendu Mukherjee, Mukti Mandal, Raghavv Raghavender Suresh, Shantanu Kar, Binaya Kumar Parida, Somsubhra Chakraborty and Gorachand Dutta

Nitrate (NO₃⁻) ion contamination of water is a major issue that affects many parts of the world due to excessive usage of nitrogen containing fertilizers in the soil. Hence, quantification of NO₃⁻ ions in the soil is of utmost importance. In the present research work, we have developed an efficient and highly stable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for NO₃⁻ ion detection based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles (Alym@CuNPs) decorated on exfoliated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Exf-CNTs). Herein, we have addressed the sensor surface storage stability issue of copper nanoparticle based electrochemical sensors for the first time and confirmed the superior storage stability of the Alym@CuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) over uncapped copper nanoparticles (uCuNPs) and electrodeposited copper nanoparticles (eCuNPs) modified GCEs. In comparison to the bare GCE, Exf-CNT/GCE and Alym@CuNPs/Exf-CNT/GCE, the proposed Alym@CuNPs-Nafion (NF)/Exf-CNT/GCE demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity towards the electro-reduction of NO₃⁻ ions (pH = 2) under optimal experimental conditions, with a considerable increase in cathodic peak currents. Along with that, no inert gas was purged into the electrolyte medium prior to the detection of NO₃⁻ ions which makes the sensor more reliable under real environmental conditions. The sensor displayed broad linear ranges from 10 to 1000 μM (R² = 0.997), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.28 μM (n = 3) for NO₃⁻ ion detection. The sensor surface shows excellent storage stability even up to 45 days with 97.8% retention in current value which is much higher compared to the previously reported works. Additionally, the sensor surface shows promising reproducibility and repeatability results with RSD values of 1.78% and 0.91%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor is successfully utilized to detect NO₃⁻ ions in real soil samples.

{"title":"A non-enzymatic highly stable electrochemical sensing platform based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles for the detection of the soil nitrate content†","authors":"Bimalendu Mukherjee, Mukti Mandal, Raghavv Raghavender Suresh, Shantanu Kar, Binaya Kumar Parida, Somsubhra Chakraborty and Gorachand Dutta","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01345J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01345J","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO3−) ion contamination of water is a major issue that affects many parts of the world due to excessive usage of nitrogen containing fertilizers in the soil. Hence, quantification of NO3− ions in the soil is of utmost importance. In the present research work, we have developed an efficient and highly stable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for NO3− ion detection based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles (Alym@CuNPs) decorated on exfoliated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Exf-CNTs). Herein, we have addressed the sensor surface storage stability issue of copper nanoparticle based electrochemical sensors for the first time and confirmed the superior storage stability of the Alym@CuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) over uncapped copper nanoparticles (uCuNPs) and electrodeposited copper nanoparticles (eCuNPs) modified GCEs. In comparison to the bare GCE, Exf-CNT/GCE and Alym@CuNPs/Exf-CNT/GCE, the proposed Alym@CuNPs-Nafion (NF)/Exf-CNT/GCE demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity towards the electro-reduction of NO3− ions (pH = 2) under optimal experimental conditions, with a considerable increase in cathodic peak currents. Along with that, no inert gas was purged into the electrolyte medium prior to the detection of NO3− ions which makes the sensor more reliable under real environmental conditions. The sensor displayed broad linear ranges from 10 to 1000 μM (R2 = 0.997), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.28 μM (n = 3) for NO3− ion detection. The sensor surface shows excellent storage stability even up to 45 days with 97.8% retention in current value which is much higher compared to the previously reported works. Additionally, the sensor surface shows promising reproducibility and repeatability results with RSD values of 1.78% and 0.91%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor is successfully utilized to detect NO3− ions in real soil samples.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 936-952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid assessment of the gate function and membrane properties of connexin-embedded giant plasma membrane vesicles in a microwell array†

IF 3.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/D5AN00036J

Ryu Eguchi, Yushi Isozaki, Masato Suzuki and Tomoyuki Yasukawa

Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) incorporating connexin proteins, referred to as connectosomes, serve as promising tools for studying cell membrane properties and intercellular communication. This study aimed to evaluate the membrane capacitance of connectosomes derived from HeLa cells and establish a method for assessing the gate function of connexin hemichannels. We investigated the behavior of dielectrophoresis (DEP) manipulation of connectosomes and HeLa cells by using microwell array electrodes. The frequency dependence of DEP force for connectosomes and HeLa cells suggested a low membrane capacitance of the connectosomes compared to that of HeLa cells. Positive DEP (p-DEP) was used to trap the connectosomes in the microwell array, where a relatively strong electric field was formed. This approach facilitated monitoring of the fluorescence intensity of individual connectosomes immediately after the solutions were exchanged, enhancing our ability to assess the release dynamics of fluorescent molecules and the hemichannel's open/closed states. The results confirmed that connexin hemichannels were regulated by the exterior concentration of Ca²⁺, allowing selective control over drug storage and release. The method developed in this study elucidates the functional properties of connectosomes and would provide a valuable platform for future applications in targeted drug delivery systems.

{"title":"Rapid assessment of the gate function and membrane properties of connexin-embedded giant plasma membrane vesicles in a microwell array†","authors":"Ryu Eguchi, Yushi Isozaki, Masato Suzuki and Tomoyuki Yasukawa","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00036J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00036J","url":null,"abstract":"Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) incorporating connexin proteins, referred to as connectosomes, serve as promising tools for studying cell membrane properties and intercellular communication. This study aimed to evaluate the membrane capacitance of connectosomes derived from HeLa cells and establish a method for assessing the gate function of connexin hemichannels. We investigated the behavior of dielectrophoresis (DEP) manipulation of connectosomes and HeLa cells by using microwell array electrodes. The frequency dependence of DEP force for connectosomes and HeLa cells suggested a low membrane capacitance of the connectosomes compared to that of HeLa cells. Positive DEP (p-DEP) was used to trap the connectosomes in the microwell array, where a relatively strong electric field was formed. This approach facilitated monitoring of the fluorescence intensity of individual connectosomes immediately after the solutions were exchanged, enhancing our ability to assess the release dynamics of fluorescent molecules and the hemichannel's open/closed states. The results confirmed that connexin hemichannels were regulated by the exterior concentration of Ca2+, allowing selective control over drug storage and release. The method developed in this study elucidates the functional properties of connectosomes and would provide a valuable platform for future applications in targeted drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 975-981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mass spectrometry-based mRNA sequence mapping via complementary RNase digests and bespoke visualisation tools†

IF 3.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analyst

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1039/D5AN00033E

Emma N. Welbourne, Royce J. Copley, Gareth R. Owen, Caroline A. Evans, Kesler Isoko, Ken Cook, Joan Cordiner, Zoltán Kis, Peyman Z. Moghadam and Mark J. Dickman

mRNA technology has significantly changed the timeline for developing and delivering a new vaccine from years to months, as demonstrated by the development and approval of two highly efficacious vaccines based on mRNA sequences encoding for a modified version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Analytical methods are required to characterise mRNA therapeutics and underpin manufacturing development. In this study, we have developed and utilised partial RNase digests of mRNA using RNase T1 and RNase U2 in conjunction with an automated, high throughput workflow for the rapid characterisation and direct sequence mapping of mRNA therapeutics. In conjunction with this, we have developed novel software engineered to optimise and streamline the visualisation and analysis of sequence mapping of mRNA using LC-MS/MS. We show that increased mRNA sequence coverage is obtained by combining multiple partial RNase T1 digests-44% and 37% individually, 64% together-or RNase T1 and U2 partial digests-73% and 52% individually, 88% combined. The developed software automates the process of combining digests, ensuring faster and more accurate analysis. Furthermore, the software provides additional information on sequence coverage by taking into account multiple overlapping oligoribonucleotide fragments to increase the confidence of the sequence mapping. Finally, the software enables powerful and accessible visualisation capabilities by generating spiral plots to quickly analyse the sequence maps in a single output from combined multiple partial RNase digests.

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