Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.035
G. Nauryzbayeva, G. Revalde, G. L. Gabdullina, G. T. Aldzhambekova, K. Adilzhan
This paper presents our model of the organization and content of distance learning in physics for the formation of technical competencies of university students. An example of the organization of lectures on the topic "Electromagnetic induction" for students of the specialty "Power Engineering" is given. The organization of other forms of education is also given. The aim of the work is to develop technical competencies in students. A professionally oriented approach was used in teaching physics. The content of distance learning, presented through the electronic educational and methodological complex of the discipline, has been determined. The activities of teaching and learning of students are regulated, methods, forms and means of online distance learning are selected, at present, as methods of organizing activities, the result of educational activities reflects the quality of training in accordance with the successful teaching activities of students, as well as its diagnostics and control. The possibility of improving the quality of training in physics, increasing the levels of formation of technical competencies of future bachelors in the field of energy is shown on the example of distance learning in physics online, based on the use of professionally oriented training. The results of survey of the first year distance learning students showed quite high satisfaction, also for the students living in the rural regions in Kazаkhstan.
{"title":"Distance Learning on Formation of Technical Competencies of University Students (on the Example of Natural Sciences)","authors":"G. Nauryzbayeva, G. Revalde, G. L. Gabdullina, G. T. Aldzhambekova, K. Adilzhan","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents our model of the organization and content of distance learning in physics for the formation of technical competencies of university students. An example of the organization of lectures on the topic \"Electromagnetic induction\" for students of the specialty \"Power Engineering\" is given. The organization of other forms of education is also given. The aim of the work is to develop technical competencies in students. A professionally oriented approach was used in teaching physics. The content of distance learning, presented through the electronic educational and methodological complex of the discipline, has been determined. The activities of teaching and learning of students are regulated, methods, forms and means of online distance learning are selected, at present, as methods of organizing activities, the result of educational activities reflects the quality of training in accordance with the successful teaching activities of students, as well as its diagnostics and control. The possibility of improving the quality of training in physics, increasing the levels of formation of technical competencies of future bachelors in the field of energy is shown on the example of distance learning in physics online, based on the use of professionally oriented training. The results of survey of the first year distance learning students showed quite high satisfaction, also for the students living in the rural regions in Kazаkhstan.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.061
Olga Rajevska, Agnese Reine, Diāna Baltmane
The objective of the study is to examine the patterns of the employment of older people in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania over the recent decade and the changes brought about by the first wave coronavirus pandemic in spring 2020. The study is based on the Eurostat statistical data as well as the microdata from the recent wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE). Particular attention is paid to the data collected in SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey conducted in June-August 2020 in 26 European countries and Israel via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Questions examined how people aged 50 years and older coped with socioeconomic and health-related impact of COVID-19. During the last decade, participation of older age groups in labour market is gradually growing with the increase of the statutory retirement age and life expectancy. Employment rates in the pre-retirement and post-retirement age groups are comparatively high in Latvia and other Baltic States as contrasted to the EU averages, especially among women. Despite of relatively worse health status, people in the Baltic countries also demonstrate the highest share of respondents with willingness to work even upon reaching pension age. In 2020, the COVID-19 had relatively mild impact on it. The branches with traditionally high share of workers aged 50+ (education, healthcare, agriculture, administrative services) were least affected by lockdown measures.
{"title":"Employment in the age group 50+ in the Baltic states and its changes in response to COVID-19","authors":"Olga Rajevska, Agnese Reine, Diāna Baltmane","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.061","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to examine the patterns of the employment of older people in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania over the recent decade and the changes brought about by the first wave coronavirus pandemic in spring 2020. The study is based on the Eurostat statistical data as well as the microdata from the recent wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE). Particular attention is paid to the data collected in SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey conducted in June-August 2020 in 26 European countries and Israel via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Questions examined how people aged 50 years and older coped with socioeconomic and health-related impact of COVID-19. During the last decade, participation of older age groups in labour market is gradually growing with the increase of the statutory retirement age and life expectancy. Employment rates in the pre-retirement and post-retirement age groups are comparatively high in Latvia and other Baltic States as contrasted to the EU averages, especially among women. Despite of relatively worse health status, people in the Baltic countries also demonstrate the highest share of respondents with willingness to work even upon reaching pension age. In 2020, the COVID-19 had relatively mild impact on it. The branches with traditionally high share of workers aged 50+ (education, healthcare, agriculture, administrative services) were least affected by lockdown measures.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.022
M. Stokmane, Anita Lontone-Ieviņa, R. Ernsteins
Municipal coastal governance practice also in Latvia has various limitations, and taking into account growing climate change adaptation challenges, new understanding and new approaches are to be studied and tested. Overall study frame is based on research-and-development approach. The aim of the research was to study how municipal coastal governance is functioning in practice, particularly, in the relation to the coastal dune protection zones (150/300 m) and further coastal territory behind that, applying whole list of governance instrument groups – political/legal, planning, and especially institutional instruments, also financial, infrastructure and, last but not least, coastal communication instruments. This was done via research-and-governance frame of the three coastal governance dimensions – governance content, stakeholders (governance segments) and governance instruments, realized in Jurmala municipality as especially nature-culture rich and due to tourist attraction also sensitive coastal pilot territory at the Latvia coast. Case study research methodology applied (document studies, observation and stakeholder’s interviews) were approving pre-study understanding, based on previous coastal governance studies, that also this territory with international coastal resort status and well developed municipal administration capacities have limited success on integrated coastal management (ICM) approach implementation and, subsequently, there are requirements on further development of disciplinary instruments and also collaboration governance as ICM preconditions. An integrated ICM approach was internationally designed and approved also for EU coastal countries, since comprehensive requirement to manage the adequate governance of the coast as complex socio-ecological system, but old shaped long existing traditional disciplinary/branch approaches of former and formal municipal planning and management does not really permit necessary innovations with cross-sectorial and cross-level integration perspectives. However, also orientation towards re-use and/or re-development of disciplinary ICM instruments, especially, to be designed and realized as complementary as possible and collaboration governance developments shall be seen as necessary pre-conditions for ICM adequate development.
{"title":"Municipal integrated coastal governance approach: complimentary disciplinary instruments and collaboration pre-conditions","authors":"M. Stokmane, Anita Lontone-Ieviņa, R. Ernsteins","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.022","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal coastal governance practice also in Latvia has various limitations, and taking into account growing climate change adaptation challenges, new understanding and new approaches are to be studied and tested. Overall study frame is based on research-and-development approach. The aim of the research was to study how municipal coastal governance is functioning in practice, particularly, in the relation to the coastal dune protection zones (150/300 m) and further coastal territory behind that, applying whole list of governance instrument groups – political/legal, planning, and especially institutional instruments, also financial, infrastructure and, last but not least, coastal communication instruments. This was done via research-and-governance frame of the three coastal governance dimensions – governance content, stakeholders (governance segments) and governance instruments, realized in Jurmala municipality as especially nature-culture rich and due to tourist attraction also sensitive coastal pilot territory at the Latvia coast. Case study research methodology applied (document studies, observation and stakeholder’s interviews) were approving pre-study understanding, based on previous coastal governance studies, that also this territory with international coastal resort status and well developed municipal administration capacities have limited success on integrated coastal management (ICM) approach implementation and, subsequently, there are requirements on further development of disciplinary instruments and also collaboration governance as ICM preconditions. An integrated ICM approach was internationally designed and approved also for EU coastal countries, since comprehensive requirement to manage the adequate governance of the coast as complex socio-ecological system, but old shaped long existing traditional disciplinary/branch approaches of former and formal municipal planning and management does not really permit necessary innovations with cross-sectorial and cross-level integration perspectives. However, also orientation towards re-use and/or re-development of disciplinary ICM instruments, especially, to be designed and realized as complementary as possible and collaboration governance developments shall be seen as necessary pre-conditions for ICM adequate development.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81249728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.005
L. Āzena, B. Rivza
The result of the wider application of new digital skills is an increase in productivity as a basis for the growth of Latvian companies in the global market and an increase in material well-being in the market as a whole. In turn, the growth and competitiveness of companies is based on the ability to create and sell demanded, knowledge-intensive products and services on the basis of science, integrating into increasingly higher value-added global chains. Many companies are facing economic difficulties during the COVID- 19 crisis and have to suspend or significantly reduce their operations and staff. However, for some companies, the crisis has also given them the opportunity to reorient their operations to the digital environment, both in serving customers and in organizing the company's operations. The data obtained during the study show that the majority of entrepreneurs predict a decline in customer solvency and the emergence of new digital technologies in the market. Entrepreneurs think they should make more use of the latest technologies (forms of digital sales and communication with customers), new forms of cooperation in company communication (forms of digital communication with employees) and plan to introduce remote and / or semi-remote work. Entrepreneurs expect that the biggest challenges after the crisis caused by the pandemic will be the acquisition of new leadership skills and the acquisition of new digital technologies, as well as attracting investment. Unfortunately, the data of the study show that the majority of entrepreneurs did not use the support programs of state and local government institutions, but assessed the support measures developed by the government as very fragmented. The aim of the research: to assess the changes in the planning region at companies in different sectors in Riga planning region and to develop proposals to increase business productivity and competitiveness. Research methods: statistical data collection, business survey and in-depth interview.
{"title":"Changes and proposals to boost business productivity and competitiveness in Riga planning region","authors":"L. Āzena, B. Rivza","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.005","url":null,"abstract":"The result of the wider application of new digital skills is an increase in productivity as a basis for the growth of Latvian companies in the global market and an increase in material well-being in the market as a whole. In turn, the growth and competitiveness of companies is based on the ability to create and sell demanded, knowledge-intensive products and services on the basis of science, integrating into increasingly higher value-added global chains. Many companies are facing economic difficulties during the COVID- 19 crisis and have to suspend or significantly reduce their operations and staff. However, for some companies, the crisis has also given them the opportunity to reorient their operations to the digital environment, both in serving customers and in organizing the company's operations. The data obtained during the study show that the majority of entrepreneurs predict a decline in customer solvency and the emergence of new digital technologies in the market. Entrepreneurs think they should make more use of the latest technologies (forms of digital sales and communication with customers), new forms of cooperation in company communication (forms of digital communication with employees) and plan to introduce remote and / or semi-remote work. Entrepreneurs expect that the biggest challenges after the crisis caused by the pandemic will be the acquisition of new leadership skills and the acquisition of new digital technologies, as well as attracting investment. Unfortunately, the data of the study show that the majority of entrepreneurs did not use the support programs of state and local government institutions, but assessed the support measures developed by the government as very fragmented. The aim of the research: to assess the changes in the planning region at companies in different sectors in Riga planning region and to develop proposals to increase business productivity and competitiveness. Research methods: statistical data collection, business survey and in-depth interview.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83812272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.009
O. Chekmarev, P. Lukichev, Alexander Manilov
In recent decades, in the rural areas of Russia and some other states, a new form of land management - family estates - has been developing. This form, without a legal status, has significant distinctive features from farms and horticultural associations. Family estates form entire settlements, functioning on the principles of preserving family values, master's motivation, cooperation, and environmental friendliness. Coronavirus crisis has exacerbated the desire of residents of large urban agglomerations to move to live in rural areas. The authors investigate the features of the current state of management of the settlements of family estates and their prospects in the post-COVID period. The aim of the work is to assess the potential of family homesteads in the formation of conditions for sustainable development of rural areas. The paper assesses the current state and forms of economic activity of settlements of family estates based on the results of the survey authors (structured interviews). The authors analyse the current and potential impact of family homesteads on sustainable rural development. The conclusion is made that under certain conditions, family estates can serve as one of the significant elements of the model of the future society in the post-COVID era.
{"title":"Family homesteads and sustainable development of rural areas in the post-COVID era","authors":"O. Chekmarev, P. Lukichev, Alexander Manilov","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.009","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, in the rural areas of Russia and some other states, a new form of land management - family estates - has been developing. This form, without a legal status, has significant distinctive features from farms and horticultural associations. Family estates form entire settlements, functioning on the principles of preserving family values, master's motivation, cooperation, and environmental friendliness. Coronavirus crisis has exacerbated the desire of residents of large urban agglomerations to move to live in rural areas. The authors investigate the features of the current state of management of the settlements of family estates and their prospects in the post-COVID period. The aim of the work is to assess the potential of family homesteads in the formation of conditions for sustainable development of rural areas. The paper assesses the current state and forms of economic activity of settlements of family estates based on the results of the survey authors (structured interviews). The authors analyse the current and potential impact of family homesteads on sustainable rural development. The conclusion is made that under certain conditions, family estates can serve as one of the significant elements of the model of the future society in the post-COVID era.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80807429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.018
Ilze Priževoite, Gunta Grīnberga-Zālīte
The authors of the article present the results of a study on the evaluation of the remuneration and performance of teachers in general education institutions in the regions of Latvia, which is a topical issue in the implementation of education system reforms. The aim of the study was to find out the opinion of teachers working in general education institutions about the factors influencing work performance, paying special attention to the regional aspects of this problem. The study used quantitative research methods through an extensive online survey. The questionnaire identified the following factors influencing teachers' performance: financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration, organizational culture and politics. The opinion of teachers was analysed in depth by regions of Latvia. The results show that in all regions of Latvia the performance of teachers is most significantly influenced by financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration and organizational culture are also important, but political presence plays an insignificant role. The results also revealed that in all regions (least in Riga and Pieriga) the increase of the minimum monthly wage rate of teachers or the wage is not the determining factor that would increase the performance of teachers. Key words: education performance, regional development, regional disparities.
{"title":"Remuneration system elements' impact on the performance of the teachers of general education institutions in the regions of Latvia","authors":"Ilze Priževoite, Gunta Grīnberga-Zālīte","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.018","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the article present the results of a study on the evaluation of the remuneration and performance of teachers in general education institutions in the regions of Latvia, which is a topical issue in the implementation of education system reforms. The aim of the study was to find out the opinion of teachers working in general education institutions about the factors influencing work performance, paying special attention to the regional aspects of this problem. The study used quantitative research methods through an extensive online survey. The questionnaire identified the following factors influencing teachers' performance: financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration, organizational culture and politics. The opinion of teachers was analysed in depth by regions of Latvia. The results show that in all regions of Latvia the performance of teachers is most significantly influenced by financial remuneration, non-financial remuneration and organizational culture are also important, but political presence plays an insignificant role. The results also revealed that in all regions (least in Riga and Pieriga) the increase of the minimum monthly wage rate of teachers or the wage is not the determining factor that would increase the performance of teachers. Key words: education performance, regional development, regional disparities.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78536213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.040
E. Stawicka, M. Parlińska
The article aims to assess the importance of undertaking entrepreneurial initiatives by women in rural areas. Authors review the literature on entrepreneurship and professional activity of women. Initiatives were examined within the framework of the use of aid programs for entrepreneurship. The study begins with a look at the development of entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable rural development. Then, the attitudes of women to undertaking economic activity were traced. The long-term changes concerning education and preparation of women in the professional market were verified. The article ends with reflections on the social and economic importance of undertaking entrepreneurial activities by women in rural areas, as well as finances and support for such initiatives.
{"title":"Female entrepreneurship in rural areas in the aspect of the labor market","authors":"E. Stawicka, M. Parlińska","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.040","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to assess the importance of undertaking entrepreneurial initiatives by women in rural areas. Authors review the literature on entrepreneurship and professional activity of women. Initiatives were examined within the framework of the use of aid programs for entrepreneurship. The study begins with a look at the development of entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable rural development. Then, the attitudes of women to undertaking economic activity were traced. The long-term changes concerning education and preparation of women in the professional market were verified. The article ends with reflections on the social and economic importance of undertaking entrepreneurial activities by women in rural areas, as well as finances and support for such initiatives.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.012
I. Jēkabsone, I. Gudele
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way people work and learn in unprecedented ways. Also, the pandemic has moved more business activity online, increasing the need for training and prompting them to build more online trainings. In this time of crisis, a suitable response requires novel ways to enable interaction between adult learners, adult learners and teachers, adult learners and content using online tools so that no one is left behind. In the context of regional development, online adult learning provides economic active inhabitants with wide opportunities since employees are able to attend high-quality trainings regardless the place of residence. In context of COVID-19, during the emergency situation Latvia has fully moved to remote learning, including adult learning. Educational institutions as well as enterprises that organise trainings for adults have to implement remote learning using several online tools. The aim of the paper is to analyse the main challenges of the adult learning sector in Latvia in context of COVID-19 taking into consideration the regional development issues. In order to achieve the aim, following research methods have been used: scientific literature studies, statistical data analysis, interviews. Main results of the survey: in case of Latvia, the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Latvia has launched several initiatives towards enabling the shift to online learning, providing recommendations, digital tools as well as good practice sharing. At the same time, there is no methodology and detailed step-by-step recommendations, how to develop the online education learning for educational institutions in Latvia. However, there are incentives to develop online adult learning via project funding.
{"title":"Challenges of the adult learning sector in context of COVID-19 in Latvia","authors":"I. Jēkabsone, I. Gudele","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.012","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way people work and learn in unprecedented ways. Also, the pandemic has moved more business activity online, increasing the need for training and prompting them to build more online trainings. In this time of crisis, a suitable response requires novel ways to enable interaction between adult learners, adult learners and teachers, adult learners and content using online tools so that no one is left behind. In the context of regional development, online adult learning provides economic active inhabitants with wide opportunities since employees are able to attend high-quality trainings regardless the place of residence. In context of COVID-19, during the emergency situation Latvia has fully moved to remote learning, including adult learning. Educational institutions as well as enterprises that organise trainings for adults have to implement remote learning using several online tools. The aim of the paper is to analyse the main challenges of the adult learning sector in Latvia in context of COVID-19 taking into consideration the regional development issues. In order to achieve the aim, following research methods have been used: scientific literature studies, statistical data analysis, interviews. Main results of the survey: in case of Latvia, the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Latvia has launched several initiatives towards enabling the shift to online learning, providing recommendations, digital tools as well as good practice sharing. At the same time, there is no methodology and detailed step-by-step recommendations, how to develop the online education learning for educational institutions in Latvia. However, there are incentives to develop online adult learning via project funding.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86873651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.050
M. Nurmet, Katrin Lemsalu, J. Lehtsaar
The paper examines the working capital indicators to find out the differences between larger and smaller Estonian agricultural companies. In the task of working capital management, a balance between profitability and liquidity is under investigation. A higher level of current assets ensures higher liquidity, but reduces the profitability. The share of inventories in current assets is relatively high in agricultural companies, and can lead to liquidity problems in adverse circumstances. Low levels of current assets can lead to business interruptions, as insufficient stocks lead to delays in the production process, which in turn is amplified in yields or other outputs. The number of employees is used to distinguish the size of the company. The results show that the smallest agricultural companies have higher liquidity and relatively larger share of highly liquid current assets. Larger agricultural companies maintain a higher level of inventory and have a longer inventory turnover period. Smaller companies have a slightly higher share of loans in current liabilities, so they have to maintain a larger financial buffer. The cash conversion cycle is longer for the smallest and the largest agricultural companies while medium-sized companies have a shorter cash conversion cycle. Smaller companies have the longest receivables turnover, showing that they enable longer payment periods for buyers or may have difficulties collecting receivables from the production sold. Having low market power and long receivables turnover, they have relatively higher need for working capital.
{"title":"Working capital in Estonian agricultural companies: analysis by size","authors":"M. Nurmet, Katrin Lemsalu, J. Lehtsaar","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.050","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the working capital indicators to find out the differences between larger and smaller Estonian agricultural companies. In the task of working capital management, a balance between profitability and liquidity is under investigation. A higher level of current assets ensures higher liquidity, but reduces the profitability. The share of inventories in current assets is relatively high in agricultural companies, and can lead to liquidity problems in adverse circumstances. Low levels of current assets can lead to business interruptions, as insufficient stocks lead to delays in the production process, which in turn is amplified in yields or other outputs. The number of employees is used to distinguish the size of the company. The results show that the smallest agricultural companies have higher liquidity and relatively larger share of highly liquid current assets. Larger agricultural companies maintain a higher level of inventory and have a longer inventory turnover period. Smaller companies have a slightly higher share of loans in current liabilities, so they have to maintain a larger financial buffer. The cash conversion cycle is longer for the smallest and the largest agricultural companies while medium-sized companies have a shorter cash conversion cycle. Smaller companies have the longest receivables turnover, showing that they enable longer payment periods for buyers or may have difficulties collecting receivables from the production sold. Having low market power and long receivables turnover, they have relatively higher need for working capital.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"790 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85446723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.22616/esrd.2021.55.029
Dana Gintere, Lasma Licite-Kurbe
As social entrepreneurs address various socio-economic problems in society, there has also been an increased interest in how social enterprises can support specific regions. In Latvia, social enterprises have been operating for a long time, but only recently the Social Enterprise Law was adopted, which regulates the tasks of social entrepreneurship and the support possibilities. This study highlights the level of entrepreneurship activity in the country as a whole (the number of enterprises and the number of newly established enterprises) and within individual statistical regions in the period from 2018 till 2020, analysing the structure of enterprises and indicators representative of entrepreneurship in Latvia and its regions: the dynamics of the number of enterprises per 100 000 inhabitants. The following hypothesis was made: Social entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia has a disproportionate impact on socio-economic problems. It was found that social enterprises operate twice as much in Riga region as in any other region of Latvia, which has the lowest poverty index. However, the highest poverty index is found in Latgale region, where proportionally the lowest number of social enterprises operates. Social entrepreneurship can be a successful tool for addressing socio-economic problems in the regions and for regional development. For this development to take place, it would be necessary to develop instruments to support social entrepreneurship with the aim of improving the well-being of all regions, not only the region where the social enterprise operates.
{"title":"Social enterprise profile in the Latvia regions","authors":"Dana Gintere, Lasma Licite-Kurbe","doi":"10.22616/esrd.2021.55.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.029","url":null,"abstract":"As social entrepreneurs address various socio-economic problems in society, there has also been an increased interest in how social enterprises can support specific regions. In Latvia, social enterprises have been operating for a long time, but only recently the Social Enterprise Law was adopted, which regulates the tasks of social entrepreneurship and the support possibilities. This study highlights the level of entrepreneurship activity in the country as a whole (the number of enterprises and the number of newly established enterprises) and within individual statistical regions in the period from 2018 till 2020, analysing the structure of enterprises and indicators representative of entrepreneurship in Latvia and its regions: the dynamics of the number of enterprises per 100 000 inhabitants. The following hypothesis was made: Social entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia has a disproportionate impact on socio-economic problems. It was found that social enterprises operate twice as much in Riga region as in any other region of Latvia, which has the lowest poverty index. However, the highest poverty index is found in Latgale region, where proportionally the lowest number of social enterprises operates. Social entrepreneurship can be a successful tool for addressing socio-economic problems in the regions and for regional development. For this development to take place, it would be necessary to develop instruments to support social entrepreneurship with the aim of improving the well-being of all regions, not only the region where the social enterprise operates.","PeriodicalId":63151,"journal":{"name":"黄河文明与可持续发展","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78321506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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