Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-34-46
O. Vlasov, N. V. Shchukina
The study is aimed at investigation of the properties of distribution of effective dose convolutions for estimating parametric dependence on the ratio of geometric mean internal radiation doses to external radiation doses and standard geometric mean deviations of lognormal distributions. For research the average annual personal dosimetric information for the period from 1986 over 2022, kept in the database of the National Radiation Epidemiological Register (NRER) was used. Information on internal and external radiation doses received by each resident of 13,000 Russian settlements, the most contaminated with radioactive material from the destroyed Chernobyl NPP is kept in the NRER. The results of the study demonstrated the different values of ratio of geometric mean convolutions of annual radiation doses to effective doses. Their standard deviations are 1.05-1.28 and 2.2-2.8 respectively. The ratio of the arithmetic mean convolutions values to deterministic effective doses stored in the database included in the study is 1.0. With the account of uncertainties included in the estimates of the effective dose and doses of external and internal radiation exposure, the difference between probabilistic and deterministic estimates of effective doses received by the residents of the Russian settlements contaminated with Chernobyl radioactive releases is insignificant.
{"title":"Assessments of uncertainties in effective radiation doses to the population in the contaminated regions of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident","authors":"O. Vlasov, N. V. Shchukina","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-34-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-34-46","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at investigation of the properties of distribution of effective dose convolutions for estimating parametric dependence on the ratio of geometric mean internal radiation doses to external radiation doses and standard geometric mean deviations of lognormal distributions. For research the average annual personal dosimetric information for the period from 1986 over 2022, kept in the database of the National Radiation Epidemiological Register (NRER) was used. Information on internal and external radiation doses received by each resident of 13,000 Russian settlements, the most contaminated with radioactive material from the destroyed Chernobyl NPP is kept in the NRER. The results of the study demonstrated the different values of ratio of geometric mean convolutions of annual radiation doses to effective doses. Their standard deviations are 1.05-1.28 and 2.2-2.8 respectively. The ratio of the arithmetic mean convolutions values to deterministic effective doses stored in the database included in the study is 1.0. With the account of uncertainties included in the estimates of the effective dose and doses of external and internal radiation exposure, the difference between probabilistic and deterministic estimates of effective doses received by the residents of the Russian settlements contaminated with Chernobyl radioactive releases is insignificant.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76422175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-5-21
A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, K. Tumanov, A. M. Korelo, V. Ivanov
One of the most important problems in the large-scale development of nuclear energy is the management and disposal of radioactive waste (RW). The potential biological hazard of RW for human health considerably exceeds the health hazard from uranium feedstock. Due to the natural processes of radioactive decay, the potential biological hazard of RW decreases over time. However, long-term storage and disposal of long-lived RW leads to an increase in the health and environmental hazard of nuclear energy. Recently, to reduce the hazard effects, the novel ap-proach based on the principle that hazard of RW should not exceed the hazard of natural urani-um raw materials has been used. This principle is called as "radiation equivalence" if the hazards levels are assessed by the radiation dose magnitude, and "radiological equivalence" is used if the hazards are assessed by the magnitudes of lifetime radiation risks of malignant neoplasms development. Earlier papers have already given point estimates of the time to reach “radiation” or “radiological” equivalence when analyzing a scenario based on a closed nuclear fuel cycle. This article proposes a method for estimating the uncertainties in the time to achieve radiation and ra-diological equivalence. The results of these estimates are presented for a model scenario for the development of nuclear power, in which thermal neutron reactors are gradually being replaced by fast neutron reactors by 2100. The numerical simulation method is used. Modern radiation risk models proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) are applied. The determination of equivalent radiation doses to organs and tissues was based on dose factors for radioactive substances provided for wide use by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). If we assume that the maximum relative error of the initial values of the potential biologi-cal hazard of RW is about 246%, then the 95% confidence limit for achieving radiological equiva-lence was less than 340 years. The results of the study of the scenario for the development of nuclear energy in Russia, calculations show that since the integrity of containers with RW is main-tained for 1000 years, the safety of RW for future generations will be ensured.
{"title":"Determining the time to reach radiological equivalence of radioactive waste and natural uranium raw materials in the closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast reactors and with account of the main factors of uncertainty in the calculation of radiation risks","authors":"A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, K. Tumanov, A. M. Korelo, V. Ivanov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-5-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-5-21","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important problems in the large-scale development of nuclear energy is the management and disposal of radioactive waste (RW). The potential biological hazard of RW for human health considerably exceeds the health hazard from uranium feedstock. Due to the natural processes of radioactive decay, the potential biological hazard of RW decreases over time. However, long-term storage and disposal of long-lived RW leads to an increase in the health and environmental hazard of nuclear energy. Recently, to reduce the hazard effects, the novel ap-proach based on the principle that hazard of RW should not exceed the hazard of natural urani-um raw materials has been used. This principle is called as \"radiation equivalence\" if the hazards levels are assessed by the radiation dose magnitude, and \"radiological equivalence\" is used if the hazards are assessed by the magnitudes of lifetime radiation risks of malignant neoplasms development. Earlier papers have already given point estimates of the time to reach “radiation” or “radiological” equivalence when analyzing a scenario based on a closed nuclear fuel cycle. This article proposes a method for estimating the uncertainties in the time to achieve radiation and ra-diological equivalence. The results of these estimates are presented for a model scenario for the development of nuclear power, in which thermal neutron reactors are gradually being replaced by fast neutron reactors by 2100. The numerical simulation method is used. Modern radiation risk models proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) are applied. The determination of equivalent radiation doses to organs and tissues was based on dose factors for radioactive substances provided for wide use by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). If we assume that the maximum relative error of the initial values of the potential biologi-cal hazard of RW is about 246%, then the 95% confidence limit for achieving radiological equiva-lence was less than 340 years. The results of the study of the scenario for the development of nuclear energy in Russia, calculations show that since the integrity of containers with RW is main-tained for 1000 years, the safety of RW for future generations will be ensured.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-1-131-153
A. Panov
This paper presents the comprehensive analysis of long-term study of radioecological situation at the site of the former Lermontov Production Association “Almaz” (LPA “Almaz”). The history of LPA and "uranium heritage" objects creation has been considered: the association consisted of two mines with adits and rock dumps, the hydrometallurgical plant and a dump. Emissions and discharges of natural radionuclides during the LPA “Almaz” operation (1950-1991) and the impact of radiation on human health and the environment after its shutdown were assessed. Though a lot of remediation work was made, in the near future radiation safety in the territory of the former LPA “Almaz” location is not guaranteed. The important radioecological problems in the territory of the enterprise location have been specified. Areas of terrestrial ecosystems, industrial and residential buildings in which the content of radon isotopes in the atmosphere exceeded the standards have been identified. Heavy natural radionuclides with high specific activity have been found in dumps, and the increased content of the radionuclides have been found in the soil of adjacent agricultural fields. Risks of exceeding the established national radiation safety standards NRB-99/2009 for natural radionuclides in underground waters of mines and in some foodstuffs produced near the tunnels have been assessed. Gaps in radioecological data for a number of radionuclides, ecosystems and food groups have been identified. The necessity of further monitoring of the radiation situation at the objects of LPA ”Almaz” and in the territory of the enterprise location is substantiated. The program for radioecological monitoring of the lowest atmospheric layer, terrestrial (natural, agricultural, anthropogenic) and aquatic (groundwater and surface water) ecosystems. Monitoring objects, parameters to be measured, list of radionuclides, as well as periodicity of taking samples and making measurements in objects of the LPA ”Almaz” and adjacent territory have ben specified. Monitoring will provide data for a correct assessment of human and biota radiation doses, with account for all dose-generating radionuclides and exposure pathways.
{"title":"Radioecological problems in the site of the former Lermontov Production Association \"Almaz\" for mining and processing of uranium ore. Review","authors":"A. Panov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-1-131-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-1-131-153","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the comprehensive analysis of long-term study of radioecological situation at the site of the former Lermontov Production Association “Almaz” (LPA “Almaz”). The history of LPA and \"uranium heritage\" objects creation has been considered: the association consisted of two mines with adits and rock dumps, the hydrometallurgical plant and a dump. Emissions and discharges of natural radionuclides during the LPA “Almaz” operation (1950-1991) and the impact of radiation on human health and the environment after its shutdown were assessed. Though a lot of remediation work was made, in the near future radiation safety in the territory of the former LPA “Almaz” location is not guaranteed. The important radioecological problems in the territory of the enterprise location have been specified. Areas of terrestrial ecosystems, industrial and residential buildings in which the content of radon isotopes in the atmosphere exceeded the standards have been identified. Heavy natural radionuclides with high specific activity have been found in dumps, and the increased content of the radionuclides have been found in the soil of adjacent agricultural fields. Risks of exceeding the established national radiation safety standards NRB-99/2009 for natural radionuclides in underground waters of mines and in some foodstuffs produced near the tunnels have been assessed. Gaps in radioecological data for a number of radionuclides, ecosystems and food groups have been identified. The necessity of further monitoring of the radiation situation at the objects of LPA ”Almaz” and in the territory of the enterprise location is substantiated. The program for radioecological monitoring of the lowest atmospheric layer, terrestrial (natural, agricultural, anthropogenic) and aquatic (groundwater and surface water) ecosystems. Monitoring objects, parameters to be measured, list of radionuclides, as well as periodicity of taking samples and making measurements in objects of the LPA ”Almaz” and adjacent territory have ben specified. Monitoring will provide data for a correct assessment of human and biota radiation doses, with account for all dose-generating radionuclides and exposure pathways.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78262987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-56-65
N. A. Arutyunyan, S. N. Katsalap, A.S. Akatieva, V.F. Khmelevskaya, A. I. Alekhin
There is now evidence of certain structural and functional changes in the endometrium that may be etiological factors affecting the reproductive system health. Endometrial hypoplasia and alter-ations in uterine hemodynamics may cause implantation failure. Because thin endometrium is associated with infertility, early miscarriage and difficulty of treating, further search and use of new therapeutic methods designed on the basis of domestic state-of-the-art technologies is relevant. Effectiveness of intracavitary photodynamic therapy (PDT) for patients with thin endometrium was investigated. Fifty patients at the age of 35.4+/-3.3 years with established diagnoses of thin endometrium and infertility were included in the study. All patients were given PDT. Before the treatment the photosensitiser “Photoditazine” was injected intracavitary in the II phase of the menstrual cycle. For irradiation of the uterine cavity the medical apparatus “LAMI” providing laser radiation with wavelength of 660 nm, was used. To distribute evenly the light in the uterine cavity, intrauterine cylinder optical fiber diffuser (OFD «KOVB-660») was used. The average laser power density was 0.05+/-0.02 W/cm2, energy density 36.7+/-5.9 J/cm2, laser exposure time 11.7+/-2.25 min. We found that the use of intracavitary PDT for thin endometrium allows to correct the menstrual cycle, to achieve long-lasting clinical effect, to regenerate the thickness and 3-layer structure of the endometrium, to increase the percentage of recognised pregnancies and to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications.
{"title":"Photodynamic therapy for thin endometrium in patients with infertility","authors":"N. A. Arutyunyan, S. N. Katsalap, A.S. Akatieva, V.F. Khmelevskaya, A. I. Alekhin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-56-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-56-65","url":null,"abstract":"There is now evidence of certain structural and functional changes in the endometrium that may be etiological factors affecting the reproductive system health. Endometrial hypoplasia and alter-ations in uterine hemodynamics may cause implantation failure. Because thin endometrium is associated with infertility, early miscarriage and difficulty of treating, further search and use of new therapeutic methods designed on the basis of domestic state-of-the-art technologies is relevant. Effectiveness of intracavitary photodynamic therapy (PDT) for patients with thin endometrium was investigated. Fifty patients at the age of 35.4+/-3.3 years with established diagnoses of thin endometrium and infertility were included in the study. All patients were given PDT. Before the treatment the photosensitiser “Photoditazine” was injected intracavitary in the II phase of the menstrual cycle. For irradiation of the uterine cavity the medical apparatus “LAMI” providing laser radiation with wavelength of 660 nm, was used. To distribute evenly the light in the uterine cavity, intrauterine cylinder optical fiber diffuser (OFD «KOVB-660») was used. The average laser power density was 0.05+/-0.02 W/cm2, energy density 36.7+/-5.9 J/cm2, laser exposure time 11.7+/-2.25 min. We found that the use of intracavitary PDT for thin endometrium allows to correct the menstrual cycle, to achieve long-lasting clinical effect, to regenerate the thickness and 3-layer structure of the endometrium, to increase the percentage of recognised pregnancies and to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78042212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-96-109
A. V. Matveev, V. Petriev, V. Tishchenko, N. G. Minaeva
Phosphonic acids labeled with beta-emitting radionuclides are promising radiopharmaceutical drugs for palliative therapy of bone metastases. Currently, the possibility of using a new osteotropic compound N,N,N’,N’-ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid) with lutetium-177 (177Lu-EDTMP) is being studied. The aim of the work is to develop a compartment mathematical model of the kinetics of 177Lu labeled osteotropic radiopharmaceutical drugs in the body of laboratory animals and calculate their pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics based on it. To assess the stability of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo, the characteristics of the distribution of free lutetium in the form of 177LuCl3 were also studied. To identify the model parameters and calculate the characteristics of radiopharmaceutical drugs, quantitative data on the bio-distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP and 177LuCl3 in the body of intact Wistar rats were used. A compartment model of kinetics has been developed and two approaches to the identification of its transport constants have been proposed – through the residual functional and using approximation by monoexponential functions. According to pharmacokinetic modeling, it was found that 177Lu-EDTMP is deposited in bone tissues (up to 55% of the administered dose). The calculated value of the apparent volume of distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP is approximately 200 times greater than the volume of blood plasma, the values of biological half-lives from bone tissues are 10-20 times higher than from internal organs. The excretion of 177Lu-EDTMP from the body occurs mainly through renal clearance. Comparative modeling with 177LuCl3 revealed high resistance of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo. The highest values of absorbed doses are formed in the skeleton and kidneys with minimal radiation load on other internal organs and blood. The results obtained indicate the prospects for further studies of 177Lu-EDTMP and the possibility of its clinical application for the treatment of skeletal metastases.
{"title":"Calculation of pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics of Lu-177-EDTMP – a potential drug for radionuclide therapy of bone metastases","authors":"A. V. Matveev, V. Petriev, V. Tishchenko, N. G. Minaeva","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-96-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-2-96-109","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphonic acids labeled with beta-emitting radionuclides are promising radiopharmaceutical drugs for palliative therapy of bone metastases. Currently, the possibility of using a new osteotropic compound N,N,N’,N’-ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid) with lutetium-177 (177Lu-EDTMP) is being studied. The aim of the work is to develop a compartment mathematical model of the kinetics of 177Lu labeled osteotropic radiopharmaceutical drugs in the body of laboratory animals and calculate their pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics based on it. To assess the stability of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo, the characteristics of the distribution of free lutetium in the form of 177LuCl3 were also studied. To identify the model parameters and calculate the characteristics of radiopharmaceutical drugs, quantitative data on the bio-distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP and 177LuCl3 in the body of intact Wistar rats were used. A compartment model of kinetics has been developed and two approaches to the identification of its transport constants have been proposed – through the residual functional and using approximation by monoexponential functions. According to pharmacokinetic modeling, it was found that 177Lu-EDTMP is deposited in bone tissues (up to 55% of the administered dose). The calculated value of the apparent volume of distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP is approximately 200 times greater than the volume of blood plasma, the values of biological half-lives from bone tissues are 10-20 times higher than from internal organs. The excretion of 177Lu-EDTMP from the body occurs mainly through renal clearance. Comparative modeling with 177LuCl3 revealed high resistance of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo. The highest values of absorbed doses are formed in the skeleton and kidneys with minimal radiation load on other internal organs and blood. The results obtained indicate the prospects for further studies of 177Lu-EDTMP and the possibility of its clinical application for the treatment of skeletal metastases.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-161-171
I. Prokhoda, E. Myasnikova, R. V. Sinitsyn, V. Feshchenko
A large area of the Bryansk region was contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The article shows the boundaries and levels of radioactive contamination of bee products during this period. During the four years after the accident, from 1986 to 1989, samples of bee products were taking in full accordance with generally accepted methods of beekeeping and radiometry. The task was to determine the degree of influence of contamination on food products such as honey, pollen, wax and propolis for further safe use in the food industry. The article analyzes the previously known ways of cleaning beekeeping products from radioactive contamination and presents the result of developing a method for neutralizing radionuclides contained in propolis and wax. It became possible to reduce the content of radionuclides in honey to the recommended level by changing the location of the apiary in such a way that there would be no contaminated soils and light forests within a radius of 2-3 km from it. The developed measures made it possible to significantly reduce the radioactive contamination of agricultural products, and in some cases completely avoid it.
{"title":"The study of practical experience in the purification and protection of api-products from radioactive contamination in the period from 1986-1989 for use in modern food production","authors":"I. Prokhoda, E. Myasnikova, R. V. Sinitsyn, V. Feshchenko","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-161-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-161-171","url":null,"abstract":"A large area of the Bryansk region was contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The article shows the boundaries and levels of radioactive contamination of bee products during this period. During the four years after the accident, from 1986 to 1989, samples of bee products were taking in full accordance with generally accepted methods of beekeeping and radiometry. The task was to determine the degree of influence of contamination on food products such as honey, pollen, wax and propolis for further safe use in the food industry. The article analyzes the previously known ways of cleaning beekeeping products from radioactive contamination and presents the result of developing a method for neutralizing radionuclides contained in propolis and wax. It became possible to reduce the content of radionuclides in honey to the recommended level by changing the location of the apiary in such a way that there would be no contaminated soils and light forests within a radius of 2-3 km from it. The developed measures made it possible to significantly reduce the radioactive contamination of agricultural products, and in some cases completely avoid it.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74613442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-64-72
S. Bitarishvili, S. Geras'kin, E. Shesterikova, A. Prazyan
The paper presents results of the study of impacts of chronic radiation exposure on the hormonal system of the Scots pine in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Pine needles taken from three experimental plots with a contrasting level of radioactive contamination: the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, the Kozeluzh’ye forestry and the Khoiniki forestry in June 2021 were used in the study. Artificial stands of the Scots pine were planted in the experimental plots in 1982, few years before the Chernobyl accident. When radiation impact on pine trees was assessed the content of Cs-137, Sr-90, Am-241, Pu-238 и Pu-239+240 in soil and pine needles was taken into account. The absorbed dose rates in the needles taken from contaminated sites varied in the range of 1.5-24.6 µGy/h, the control dose rate was 0.58-0.6 µGy/h. The content of main classes of phytohormones: indol-3-acetic acid, indolyl-3-butyric acid, zeatin and abscisic acid in needles was estimated with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant changes in the phytohormonal status of pines from the contaminated plots of the Chernobyl exclusion zone were found. No relationship between statistically significant difference in phytohormones content in the pine needles and irradiation exposure is found. The difference may be caused by great biological variability in natural populations or other nonradiation factors.
{"title":"Impact of chronic radiation exposure on phytohormonal status of pine trees in the Chernobyl exclusion zone","authors":"S. Bitarishvili, S. Geras'kin, E. Shesterikova, A. Prazyan","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-64-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-64-72","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of the study of impacts of chronic radiation exposure on the hormonal system of the Scots pine in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Pine needles taken from three experimental plots with a contrasting level of radioactive contamination: the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, the Kozeluzh’ye forestry and the Khoiniki forestry in June 2021 were used in the study. Artificial stands of the Scots pine were planted in the experimental plots in 1982, few years before the Chernobyl accident. When radiation impact on pine trees was assessed the content of Cs-137, Sr-90, Am-241, Pu-238 и Pu-239+240 in soil and pine needles was taken into account. The absorbed dose rates in the needles taken from contaminated sites varied in the range of 1.5-24.6 µGy/h, the control dose rate was 0.58-0.6 µGy/h. The content of main classes of phytohormones: indol-3-acetic acid, indolyl-3-butyric acid, zeatin and abscisic acid in needles was estimated with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant changes in the phytohormonal status of pines from the contaminated plots of the Chernobyl exclusion zone were found. No relationship between statistically significant difference in phytohormones content in the pine needles and irradiation exposure is found. The difference may be caused by great biological variability in natural populations or other nonradiation factors.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78605499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-132-147
E. A. Kodintseva
Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation causes mainly damage to red bone marrow cells, that primarily affects T-cell part of the immunity. Increased incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the affected people has been registered during long time. Mechanisms of the late radiation-induced immunity changes have not been sufficiently studied. Pathophysiological mechanisms of late effects of chronic exposure are unknown. The paper reviews the latest information on some transcription factors, among them NF-κB, JNK, Р38 and other, involved in cellular response to ionizing radiation. The main transcription factors, such as STAT3, GATA3, T-BOX, FOXР3, RORС and other, control T-lymphocytes differentiation. Location of some transcription factors and short description of their functions are given in the paper. The latest methods of the transcription factors research have been summarized, their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. Radiation effects on cells are mainly realized through stress-adaptive mechanism, this makes difficult to study cells response to ionizing radiation and mechanisms of the effects realization, especially delayed effects. Complex research of intracellular signal pathway in relation to genetic and receptor cells apparatus (Т-lymphocytes, performing regulatory functions, and cells effectors of antitumor immunity) will allow the future researches to find out mechanisms of late effects of ionizing radiation chronic exposure to a human, primarily carcinogenic effects
{"title":"Transcription factors as potential markers of carcinogenic effects of chronic exposure. Review","authors":"E. A. Kodintseva","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-132-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-132-147","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation causes mainly damage to red bone marrow cells, that primarily affects T-cell part of the immunity. Increased incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the affected people has been registered during long time. Mechanisms of the late radiation-induced immunity changes have not been sufficiently studied. Pathophysiological mechanisms of late effects of chronic exposure are unknown. The paper reviews the latest information on some transcription factors, among them NF-κB, JNK, Р38 and other, involved in cellular response to ionizing radiation. The main transcription factors, such as STAT3, GATA3, T-BOX, FOXР3, RORС and other, control T-lymphocytes differentiation. Location of some transcription factors and short description of their functions are given in the paper. The latest methods of the transcription factors research have been summarized, their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. Radiation effects on cells are mainly realized through stress-adaptive mechanism, this makes difficult to study cells response to ionizing radiation and mechanisms of the effects realization, especially delayed effects. Complex research of intracellular signal pathway in relation to genetic and receptor cells apparatus (Т-lymphocytes, performing regulatory functions, and cells effectors of antitumor immunity) will allow the future researches to find out mechanisms of late effects of ionizing radiation chronic exposure to a human, primarily carcinogenic effects","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84165686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-97-110
A. P. Dolgikh, T. Pavlik
One of the fundamental problems of radiobiology is to predict a quantitative relationship between the onset of a specified radiation-induced effect on a biological object and the dose of exposure to ionizing radiation under different conditions (for ionizing radiation of different quality and different time of exposure). The purpose of this article is to solve a particular part of the general problem: the development of a mathematical model for the probability of death of mammalian cells depending on the radiation dose with arbitrarily specified linear energy transfer (LET), with a single irradiation of these cells in vitro. To solve this problem, microdosimetric approaches based on the theory of the dual action of radiation were used. When developing the model, the following assumptions were used: 1) there are sensitive volumes (SVs) in the cell, damage to the volumes can lead to cell death; 2) the probability of cell death depends on the number of damaged SVs; 3) the probability of damage to the SVs depends on the energy absorbed in it; 4) to calculate the energy absorbed in the SVs, a simple model for the interaction of ionizing particles with matter was used: the particles move in a straight line, the LET of the particles coincide with the linear energy absorbed in the matter. The developed mathematical model for estimating relationship of the probability of cell death on the dose explicitly contains LET. Thus, the use of the proposed model makes possible separation of biological parameters responsible for the onset of radiation-induced effect from radiation characteristics of the irradiation conditions., Classical radiobiological data, underlying the IAEA ionizing radiation recommendations for determining the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different types present an argument for the model validation. Experimental data on irradiation of human kidney T1 cells present an example. The article demonstrates that the developed model makes it possible to calculate the probability of cell death depending on the dose of ionizing radiation with an arbitrarily set LET for photons, electrons, and -particles with a LET from 0.4 to 200 keV/ µm. It follows from the proposed model that a linear-quadratic dependence can occur not only in DNA damage, but also in other biologically important molecules. The use of this model can be extended to predict other radiation-induced effects, as well as the probability of occurrence of radiation-induced effects under various time exposure regimes.
{"title":"Radiobiological model for calculating the probability of death of mammalian cells exposed to ionizing radiation with different linear energy transfer","authors":"A. P. Dolgikh, T. Pavlik","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-97-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-97-110","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fundamental problems of radiobiology is to predict a quantitative relationship between the onset of a specified radiation-induced effect on a biological object and the dose of exposure to ionizing radiation under different conditions (for ionizing radiation of different quality and different time of exposure). The purpose of this article is to solve a particular part of the general problem: the development of a mathematical model for the probability of death of mammalian cells depending on the radiation dose with arbitrarily specified linear energy transfer (LET), with a single irradiation of these cells in vitro. To solve this problem, microdosimetric approaches based on the theory of the dual action of radiation were used. When developing the model, the following assumptions were used: 1) there are sensitive volumes (SVs) in the cell, damage to the volumes can lead to cell death; 2) the probability of cell death depends on the number of damaged SVs; 3) the probability of damage to the SVs depends on the energy absorbed in it; 4) to calculate the energy absorbed in the SVs, a simple model for the interaction of ionizing particles with matter was used: the particles move in a straight line, the LET of the particles coincide with the linear energy absorbed in the matter. The developed mathematical model for estimating relationship of the probability of cell death on the dose explicitly contains LET. Thus, the use of the proposed model makes possible separation of biological parameters responsible for the onset of radiation-induced effect from radiation characteristics of the irradiation conditions., Classical radiobiological data, underlying the IAEA ionizing radiation recommendations for determining the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different types present an argument for the model validation. Experimental data on irradiation of human kidney T1 cells present an example. The article demonstrates that the developed model makes it possible to calculate the probability of cell death depending on the dose of ionizing radiation with an arbitrarily set LET for photons, electrons, and -particles with a LET from 0.4 to 200 keV/ µm. It follows from the proposed model that a linear-quadratic dependence can occur not only in DNA damage, but also in other biologically important molecules. The use of this model can be extended to predict other radiation-induced effects, as well as the probability of occurrence of radiation-induced effects under various time exposure regimes.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74578253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-139-146
N. N. Omelchuk
The research of the hormonal level of the body in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness does not lose its relevance due to the expansion of the list of radiation hazard sources. The study results are necessary for clarification of a number of radiobiology concepts on the role of the binding capacity of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin to blood plasma proteins for increasing the free fraction of the hormone in the dynamics of acute radiation sickness. Determination of the role of free corticoids in the hormonal effect in acute radiation sickness in animals with mono- and biphasic curves of adrenocortical response to radiation was the aim of the work. The experiments were carried out on male rabbits and outbred rats. Animals received a dose of gamma-irradiation, that caused acute radiation sickness of the stage IV. The total content of 11-OX, mcg% was determined by the fluorimetric method Guillemin et al. in the author's modification. To determine the free 11-OX and the binding capacity of CSG, the gel filtration method was used by De Moor et al. in the author's modification. Rabbits were tested 2 hours after irradiation, on days 4 and 8 of radiation sickness. Rats were tested one hour after irradiation, on days 1, 3, 8, and 10 of radiation sickness. The results of the study showed that acute radiation syndrome occurs against the background of an increase in free corticosteroids, which is essential in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness. The increase in free corticosteroids in the midst of radiation sickness is primarily due to a decrease in the binding capacity of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CSG or transcortin) and does not depend on the total concentration of the hormone in the blood plasma, which is a general radiobiological pattern. The magnitude of the binding capacity of transcortin is an indicator of protein-steroid interaction.
{"title":"Binding capacity of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin as a mechanism for increasing the free fraction of the hormone in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness","authors":"N. N. Omelchuk","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-139-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-139-146","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the hormonal level of the body in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness does not lose its relevance due to the expansion of the list of radiation hazard sources. The study results are necessary for clarification of a number of radiobiology concepts on the role of the binding capacity of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin to blood plasma proteins for increasing the free fraction of the hormone in the dynamics of acute radiation sickness. Determination of the role of free corticoids in the hormonal effect in acute radiation sickness in animals with mono- and biphasic curves of adrenocortical response to radiation was the aim of the work. The experiments were carried out on male rabbits and outbred rats. Animals received a dose of gamma-irradiation, that caused acute radiation sickness of the stage IV. The total content of 11-OX, mcg% was determined by the fluorimetric method Guillemin et al. in the author's modification. To determine the free 11-OX and the binding capacity of CSG, the gel filtration method was used by De Moor et al. in the author's modification. Rabbits were tested 2 hours after irradiation, on days 4 and 8 of radiation sickness. Rats were tested one hour after irradiation, on days 1, 3, 8, and 10 of radiation sickness. The results of the study showed that acute radiation syndrome occurs against the background of an increase in free corticosteroids, which is essential in the pathogenesis of acute radiation sickness. The increase in free corticosteroids in the midst of radiation sickness is primarily due to a decrease in the binding capacity of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CSG or transcortin) and does not depend on the total concentration of the hormone in the blood plasma, which is a general radiobiological pattern. The magnitude of the binding capacity of transcortin is an indicator of protein-steroid interaction.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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