Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-21-35
S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, V. Kashcheev, S. Karpenko, K. Tumanov, A. M. Korelo, E. Kochergina, N. S. Zelenskaya, O. E. Lashkova, N. V. Shchukina, V. Ivanov
Currently, the system of standards and rules of radiation protection considers the need to con-straint the absorbed radiation doses in order to prevent the development of deterministic effects of ionizing radiation on humans. Deterministic effects in terms of mortality include bone marrow syndrome with a dose threshold of 1 Gy, gastrointestinal syndrome and pneumonitis with dose thresholds of 6 Gy. For inclusion in international radiation safety standards, a threshold of 0.5 Gy for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is being discussed. The wide experience of ra-diation-epidemiological studies shows that the deterministic effects of mortality are not limited to those effects that are currently considered in the system of standards and rules of radiation pro-tection. This paper presents estimates of radiation risks of mortality from diseases of the circula-tory system (CSD) and the digestive system, as well as dose thresholds corresponding to these effects, in the Russian cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident registered in the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER), who have registered doses from external whole-body exposure to gamma radiation within 1 Gy. The risks were estimated over the follow-up peri-od 1986-2020. The stability of estimated radiation risks of mortality from CSD and from the di-gestive system diseases in relation to the uncertainty of personal doses received by liquidators has been studied. The absorbed doses received by 11% of the liquidators were estimated from the data of personal dosimeters, the maximum error was about 50%. For the remaining 89% of liquidators, group and route doses were registered, and the maximum uncertainty of individual doses was about 500%. For CSD mortality, the excess relative rates per 1 Gy (ERR/Gy) were 0.361 and 0.349, excluding and considering dose uncertainties, respectively. For mortality from diseases of the digestive system, ERR/Gy=0,791 excluding dose uncertainty and ERR/Gy=0,726 with considering dose uncertainty. Uncertainties in individual dose estimates result in 5% and 8% reductions in ERR/Gy estimates (for CSD mortality and digestive disease, respectively). This re-duction in risk estimates is not related to a bias in the dose estimates. It is caused by the statistical properties of radiation risk models in conventional radiation epidemiology. If the excessive mor-tality from the studied causes is attributed to deterministic effects, then the estimates of the corre-sponding dose thresholds, considering the uncertainty of individual doses, also increase quite slightly: for CSD – from 0,028 Gy to 0,029 Gy, and for diseases of the digestive system – from 0,013 Gy to 0,014 Gy. The obtained results confirm the high stability and validity of radiation risk assessments of non-oncological diseases obtained earlier from the doses of Russian partici-pants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident registered in the unified federal database o
{"title":"The influence of dose uncertainty on the assessment of radiation risks of non-cancer mortality among Russian participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant","authors":"S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, V. Kashcheev, S. Karpenko, K. Tumanov, A. M. Korelo, E. Kochergina, N. S. Zelenskaya, O. E. Lashkova, N. V. Shchukina, V. Ivanov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-21-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-21-35","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the system of standards and rules of radiation protection considers the need to con-straint the absorbed radiation doses in order to prevent the development of deterministic effects of ionizing radiation on humans. Deterministic effects in terms of mortality include bone marrow syndrome with a dose threshold of 1 Gy, gastrointestinal syndrome and pneumonitis with dose thresholds of 6 Gy. For inclusion in international radiation safety standards, a threshold of 0.5 Gy for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is being discussed. The wide experience of ra-diation-epidemiological studies shows that the deterministic effects of mortality are not limited to those effects that are currently considered in the system of standards and rules of radiation pro-tection. This paper presents estimates of radiation risks of mortality from diseases of the circula-tory system (CSD) and the digestive system, as well as dose thresholds corresponding to these effects, in the Russian cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident registered in the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER), who have registered doses from external whole-body exposure to gamma radiation within 1 Gy. The risks were estimated over the follow-up peri-od 1986-2020. The stability of estimated radiation risks of mortality from CSD and from the di-gestive system diseases in relation to the uncertainty of personal doses received by liquidators has been studied. The absorbed doses received by 11% of the liquidators were estimated from the data of personal dosimeters, the maximum error was about 50%. For the remaining 89% of liquidators, group and route doses were registered, and the maximum uncertainty of individual doses was about 500%. For CSD mortality, the excess relative rates per 1 Gy (ERR/Gy) were 0.361 and 0.349, excluding and considering dose uncertainties, respectively. For mortality from diseases of the digestive system, ERR/Gy=0,791 excluding dose uncertainty and ERR/Gy=0,726 with considering dose uncertainty. Uncertainties in individual dose estimates result in 5% and 8% reductions in ERR/Gy estimates (for CSD mortality and digestive disease, respectively). This re-duction in risk estimates is not related to a bias in the dose estimates. It is caused by the statistical properties of radiation risk models in conventional radiation epidemiology. If the excessive mor-tality from the studied causes is attributed to deterministic effects, then the estimates of the corre-sponding dose thresholds, considering the uncertainty of individual doses, also increase quite slightly: for CSD – from 0,028 Gy to 0,029 Gy, and for diseases of the digestive system – from 0,013 Gy to 0,014 Gy. The obtained results confirm the high stability and validity of radiation risk assessments of non-oncological diseases obtained earlier from the doses of Russian partici-pants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident registered in the unified federal database o","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78360628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-115-126
M. Rodionov, S. Koryakin, V. Saburov, A. Moiseev, Y. Petrova, P. Shegay, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin
For the study 4 cats with unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma were treated with combina-tion of neutron and electron radiations. 3 cats had T2b and one had T3b stage. The first phase of treatment was performed with 14 MeV fast neutron beam, fraction dose varied from 1.0 to 1.3 Gy, 3 fractions a week, 3-5 fractions in total; in the second phase the animals were irradiated with 10 MeV electron beam, using same fractionation, fraction dose varied from 4 Gy, up to total dose of 8-36 Gy. In the course of treatment, most cats had partial or complete anorexia, the duration of which did not exceed two days, it was well controlled by antidepressants (mirtazapinum). Visual assessment and computed tomography performed from 13 to 30 days after treatment comple-tion demonstrated showed the significant regression of tumor volume (30-67%) in all cases. 3 out of 4 animals were alive at the time of the study, average follow-up period was 84 days, maximum follow-up period was 160 days. Radiation damage was limited to local alopecia followed by leu-kotrichia.
{"title":"Fast neutrons irradiation as a way to overcome feline squamous cell carcinoma radioresistance: a pilot study","authors":"M. Rodionov, S. Koryakin, V. Saburov, A. Moiseev, Y. Petrova, P. Shegay, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-115-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-115-126","url":null,"abstract":"For the study 4 cats with unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma were treated with combina-tion of neutron and electron radiations. 3 cats had T2b and one had T3b stage. The first phase of treatment was performed with 14 MeV fast neutron beam, fraction dose varied from 1.0 to 1.3 Gy, 3 fractions a week, 3-5 fractions in total; in the second phase the animals were irradiated with 10 MeV electron beam, using same fractionation, fraction dose varied from 4 Gy, up to total dose of 8-36 Gy. In the course of treatment, most cats had partial or complete anorexia, the duration of which did not exceed two days, it was well controlled by antidepressants (mirtazapinum). Visual assessment and computed tomography performed from 13 to 30 days after treatment comple-tion demonstrated showed the significant regression of tumor volume (30-67%) in all cases. 3 out of 4 animals were alive at the time of the study, average follow-up period was 84 days, maximum follow-up period was 160 days. Radiation damage was limited to local alopecia followed by leu-kotrichia.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-77-86
O. Abramova, V. V. Drozhzhina, E. A. Kozlovtseva, T. P. Sivovolova, A. Kaprin
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the effective method for the total eradication of some types of solid malignant neoplasms. The paper presents results of research on the effectiveness of PDT of the melanoma B-16 with the intraperitoneally injected novel Russian photosensitizer (PS) "Photoran E6". To assess the response of melanoma to PDT, the following indicators were used: tumor growth inhibition index (TGI,%), tumor regression rate (%), absolute tumor growth rate (K) in mice with continued neoplasia growth. To assess the proportion of peripheral blood cells and their morphological characteristics the therapy efficiency integrated health indicators were used: increase in life expectancy (ILE,%) of mice under study in comparison with the control and the proportion of cured animals on the 90th day after PDT. The results of the study demonstrate high antitumor efficacy of Photoran E6 for PDT of mouse melanoma. The observed changes in hemogram parameters and in leukocyte indices also indicate the effectiveness of the therapy, changes in the control samples indicate the spread of the malignant process, proliferative processes, impaired normal regeneration of blood elements, severe intoxication that cause destruction and degeneration of blood cells and drastic changes in the course of immune response.
{"title":"Antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer Photoran E6 on melanoma B-16 and response of mouse peripheral blood to PDT","authors":"O. Abramova, V. V. Drozhzhina, E. A. Kozlovtseva, T. P. Sivovolova, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-77-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-77-86","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the effective method for the total eradication of some types of solid malignant neoplasms. The paper presents results of research on the effectiveness of PDT of the melanoma B-16 with the intraperitoneally injected novel Russian photosensitizer (PS) \"Photoran E6\". To assess the response of melanoma to PDT, the following indicators were used: tumor growth inhibition index (TGI,%), tumor regression rate (%), absolute tumor growth rate (K) in mice with continued neoplasia growth. To assess the proportion of peripheral blood cells and their morphological characteristics the therapy efficiency integrated health indicators were used: increase in life expectancy (ILE,%) of mice under study in comparison with the control and the proportion of cured animals on the 90th day after PDT. The results of the study demonstrate high antitumor efficacy of Photoran E6 for PDT of mouse melanoma. The observed changes in hemogram parameters and in leukocyte indices also indicate the effectiveness of the therapy, changes in the control samples indicate the spread of the malignant process, proliferative processes, impaired normal regeneration of blood elements, severe intoxication that cause destruction and degeneration of blood cells and drastic changes in the course of immune response.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74409123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-121-130
N. A. Arutyunyan, S. N. Katsalap, V.F. Khmelevskaya, A. I. Alekhin
Dystrophic diseases of the vulva (DDV) are a group of diseases that have not been fully studied and are characterized by pain, itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, leading to vegetative-vascular and neurological disorders. Despite many different approaches, the problem of treating vulvar DDV remains unresolved, and among clinicians there is no single approach to treatment, which was the basis for studying the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with local application of a photosensitizer in patients with DDV. As part of the study, 35 patients with DDV were examined and treated. REVIXAN-DERMA gel was used as a photosensitizer, irradiation of the vulva was carried out using a medical laser device "LAMI" with a wavelength of 660 nm. One month after PDT of the vulva, we noted a clinical recovery in 70% of patients (no complaints), a normal vulvoscopic picture was observed in 60% of patients – epithelialization of cracks and erosions, restoration of the thickness of the epithelium, restoration of normal skin pattern, in the remaining 40% patients – epithelization of cracks and erosions, a decrease in the area of damage, restoration of the thickness of the epithelium was noted, in 70% of patients the cytogram was within the normal range, cells with signs of intraepithelial changes and malignancy were not found, in 30% of patients – a small number of horny scales, cells with signs of intraepithelial changes and malignancy were not found. During the PDT procedure of the vulva, no complications or side effects were registered. Thus, the results of the study after the use of PDT of the vulva with local application of the photosensitizer REVIXAN-DERMA gel indicate the effectiveness, safety and prospects of the method in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the vulva.
外阴营养不良疾病(dystrotrophic diseases of the vulva, DDV)是一类尚未得到充分研究的疾病，以疼痛、瘙痒、性交困难、排尿困难为特征，显著降低患者的生活质量，导致植物血管和神经系统疾病。尽管有许多不同的方法，治疗外阴DDV的问题仍然没有解决，临床医生没有单一的治疗方法，这是研究光动力疗法(PDT)局部应用光敏剂治疗DDV患者有效性的基础。作为研究的一部分，35名DDV患者接受了检查和治疗。采用revxan - derma凝胶作为光敏剂，使用波长为660 nm的医用激光装置“LAMI”照射外阴。外阴PDT一个月后，我们发现70%的患者临床恢复(无主诉)，60%的患者观察到正常的外阴镜图像-裂缝和糜烂上皮化，上皮厚度恢复，正常皮肤模式恢复，其余40%的患者-裂缝和糜烂上皮化，损伤面积减少，上皮厚度恢复。70%的患者细胞图在正常范围内，未发现有上皮内改变和恶性肿瘤征象的细胞，30%的患者有少量角质鳞片，未发现有上皮内改变和恶性肿瘤征象的细胞。在外阴PDT手术过程中，无并发症和副作用记录。因此，外阴PDT局部应用光敏剂revxan - derma凝胶后的研究结果表明了该方法治疗外阴退行性疾病的有效性、安全性和前景。
{"title":"Photodynamic therapy in dystrophic diseases of the vulva","authors":"N. A. Arutyunyan, S. N. Katsalap, V.F. Khmelevskaya, A. I. Alekhin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-121-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-121-130","url":null,"abstract":"Dystrophic diseases of the vulva (DDV) are a group of diseases that have not been fully studied and are characterized by pain, itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, leading to vegetative-vascular and neurological disorders. Despite many different approaches, the problem of treating vulvar DDV remains unresolved, and among clinicians there is no single approach to treatment, which was the basis for studying the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with local application of a photosensitizer in patients with DDV. As part of the study, 35 patients with DDV were examined and treated. REVIXAN-DERMA gel was used as a photosensitizer, irradiation of the vulva was carried out using a medical laser device \"LAMI\" with a wavelength of 660 nm. One month after PDT of the vulva, we noted a clinical recovery in 70% of patients (no complaints), a normal vulvoscopic picture was observed in 60% of patients – epithelialization of cracks and erosions, restoration of the thickness of the epithelium, restoration of normal skin pattern, in the remaining 40% patients – epithelization of cracks and erosions, a decrease in the area of damage, restoration of the thickness of the epithelium was noted, in 70% of patients the cytogram was within the normal range, cells with signs of intraepithelial changes and malignancy were not found, in 30% of patients – a small number of horny scales, cells with signs of intraepithelial changes and malignancy were not found. During the PDT procedure of the vulva, no complications or side effects were registered. Thus, the results of the study after the use of PDT of the vulva with local application of the photosensitizer REVIXAN-DERMA gel indicate the effectiveness, safety and prospects of the method in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the vulva.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89050771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-119-131
V. Bogacheva, V. Stepanenko, L. Krikunova, A. Petukhov, G. Kulieva, T.V. Kolyshenkov, E. Zharova, V. A. Korotkov, S. A. Ivanov, P. Shegay, A. Kaprin
The technology for construction and application of flexible dosimetric assemblies with LiF:Mg,Ti microcrystals (sizes of about 0.1 mm) for off-line measurements of the spatial distribution of the absorbed dose inside organs at risk (rectum, urethra, vagina) at high dose rate brachytherapy in oncoginecology has been developed. The transfer from the usage of luminescent dosimeters LiF:Mg,Ti with macro sizes (more than 1 mm) to microdosimetrs with sizes of about 0.1 mm, in combination with the developed protocols of dose estimations using mini-aliquots (10 mg) of lu-minescent microdosimeters, provided possibility to increase the accuracy of dose measurements in the therapeutic dose range at high dose rate brachytherapy of gynecological malignancies. The developed technology of intracavitary dosimetry at a high dose rate brachytherapy (Ir-129 source) in oncogynecology was tested in the clinic (25 patients). It was found that, as a rule, the measured doses were in a good agreement with the calculated doses in the areas of interest. However, in four cases (16% of all patients) there was an excess of the measured local absorbed doses over the calculated ones (from 0.6 to 1 Gy) in the urethra and rectum (in the organs of maximum calculated doses). These cases may be considered as a basis for monitoring of the patients’ condition in the post-therapeutic period. However, the values of maximal dose were within acceptable dose range, as recommended by GEC-ESTRO. The developed technology of «in vivo» dosimetry allows to adjust the dosimetrical plans at multifractional high dose rate brachytherapy. The results of clinical approbation of the developed technology of «in vivo» dosimetry show the importance of this technology as an essential element of dosimetric assurance of the quality of high dose rate brachytherapy in oncogynecology.
{"title":"Intracavitary «in vivo» dosimetry at the high dose rate brachytherapy in oncogynecology","authors":"V. Bogacheva, V. Stepanenko, L. Krikunova, A. Petukhov, G. Kulieva, T.V. Kolyshenkov, E. Zharova, V. A. Korotkov, S. A. Ivanov, P. Shegay, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-119-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-119-131","url":null,"abstract":"The technology for construction and application of flexible dosimetric assemblies with LiF:Mg,Ti microcrystals (sizes of about 0.1 mm) for off-line measurements of the spatial distribution of the absorbed dose inside organs at risk (rectum, urethra, vagina) at high dose rate brachytherapy in oncoginecology has been developed. The transfer from the usage of luminescent dosimeters LiF:Mg,Ti with macro sizes (more than 1 mm) to microdosimetrs with sizes of about 0.1 mm, in combination with the developed protocols of dose estimations using mini-aliquots (10 mg) of lu-minescent microdosimeters, provided possibility to increase the accuracy of dose measurements in the therapeutic dose range at high dose rate brachytherapy of gynecological malignancies. The developed technology of intracavitary dosimetry at a high dose rate brachytherapy (Ir-129 source) in oncogynecology was tested in the clinic (25 patients). It was found that, as a rule, the measured doses were in a good agreement with the calculated doses in the areas of interest. However, in four cases (16% of all patients) there was an excess of the measured local absorbed doses over the calculated ones (from 0.6 to 1 Gy) in the urethra and rectum (in the organs of maximum calculated doses). These cases may be considered as a basis for monitoring of the patients’ condition in the post-therapeutic period. However, the values of maximal dose were within acceptable dose range, as recommended by GEC-ESTRO. The developed technology of «in vivo» dosimetry allows to adjust the dosimetrical plans at multifractional high dose rate brachytherapy. The results of clinical approbation of the developed technology of «in vivo» dosimetry show the importance of this technology as an essential element of dosimetric assurance of the quality of high dose rate brachytherapy in oncogynecology.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80568994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-148-160
T. Sazykina
A technique was developed to extending the methodology of analytical estimations of absorbed fractions to the case of spherical bio-objects composed from various materials. The internal source of exposure was emitter of monoenergetic photons or electrons uniformly distributed throughout the object’s volume. Analytical results were tested, using published sets of Monte Carlo data on spheres composed from bone tissues, lung tissues, soft muscle tissues and water. Existence of ‘universal curves’ for rescaled absorbed fractions, which combine Monte Carlo data on various materials was confirmed for monoenergetic electrons and photons. Analytical results are in adequate agreement with Monte Carlo data on each biomaterial. Advantage of the unified method is the express calculating of radiation absorbed fractions without employing complicated Monte Carlo codes, and numerous interpolating procedures. The extension of the methodology to various materials provides new opportunities for internal dosimetry of living organisms, including assessment of doses to different organs and tissues.
{"title":"Using the unified model for calculating energy absorbed fractions from incorporated emitters of monoenergetic electrons and photons in bio-objects composed from various materials","authors":"T. Sazykina","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-148-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-148-160","url":null,"abstract":"A technique was developed to extending the methodology of analytical estimations of absorbed fractions to the case of spherical bio-objects composed from various materials. The internal source of exposure was emitter of monoenergetic photons or electrons uniformly distributed throughout the object’s volume. Analytical results were tested, using published sets of Monte Carlo data on spheres composed from bone tissues, lung tissues, soft muscle tissues and water. Existence of ‘universal curves’ for rescaled absorbed fractions, which combine Monte Carlo data on various materials was confirmed for monoenergetic electrons and photons. Analytical results are in adequate agreement with Monte Carlo data on each biomaterial. Advantage of the unified method is the express calculating of radiation absorbed fractions without employing complicated Monte Carlo codes, and numerous interpolating procedures. The extension of the methodology to various materials provides new opportunities for internal dosimetry of living organisms, including assessment of doses to different organs and tissues.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75802923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-118-127
U. Mirsaidov, K. Nazarov, M. M. Makhmudova, S. Murodov, K. A. Ermatov, M. Akhmedov
The global environmental changes have been observed since the nineties of the twentieth centu-ry. The current environmental situation is caused mainly due to the intensive human activity. Dur-ing 46 years, from 1945 to 1991, radioactive waste from uranium processing was accumulated in the Sughd region in Tajikistan, the former USSR Republic. According to various estimates the to-tal amount of accumulated radioactivity varies from 240 to 285 TBq. The tailings are the major sources of environmental pollution, they contain emanating gas, aerosols, dust and filterable solutions. The purpose of the work is to conduct comparison assessment of the potential radiation hazard of “Digmai” and “Adrasman” tailing dumps and Istiklol-city in the Sughd region and to estimate radiological risks to the population living near the tailing dumps. For radon monitoring both integral and instantaneous measurements were used. For instant measurements of radon volu-metric activity the PPA-01M-03 LLC “HTM-Protection” (Russia) raidometer was used. The back-ground radiation in the area under study was measured with Dosimeters DKS-96 “Dose” (Rus-sia), DKS-AT1123 “Atomtech” (Belarus), MKS-AT6130 “Atomtech” (Belarus) and PackEye FHT complex-1377 “Thermo” (Germany). The paper presents data on comparison assessment of po-tential hazard of radioactive tailing dumps in the Sughd area. The impact of uranium tailing dumps on radioecological situation in the Sughd region, as well as in cities and districts of the Sughd region was assessed. The most unfavorable radioecological situation in the Sughd region is in areas with the ambient dose equivalent power (MAED)>0.35-0.40 μSv/h. The coordinates of the areas location coincide with coordinates of the radioactive tailing dumps Istiklol-city and Gaziyeon (“Digmai”) location, and their adjacent territories. According to comparison assessment, the tailing dumps “Digmai” and “Factory of Poor Ores” (Istiklol-city) are potentially the most haz-ardous facilities. It means that for radioecological safety of the environment and the population, it is recommended to carry out cleaning and remediation of the tailing dumps as a priority: «Dig-mai» and «Factory of poor ores».
{"title":"Comparison assessment of the potential radiation hazard of tailing dumps in the Sughd region of Tajikistan","authors":"U. Mirsaidov, K. Nazarov, M. M. Makhmudova, S. Murodov, K. A. Ermatov, M. Akhmedov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-118-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-118-127","url":null,"abstract":"The global environmental changes have been observed since the nineties of the twentieth centu-ry. The current environmental situation is caused mainly due to the intensive human activity. Dur-ing 46 years, from 1945 to 1991, radioactive waste from uranium processing was accumulated in the Sughd region in Tajikistan, the former USSR Republic. According to various estimates the to-tal amount of accumulated radioactivity varies from 240 to 285 TBq. The tailings are the major sources of environmental pollution, they contain emanating gas, aerosols, dust and filterable solutions. The purpose of the work is to conduct comparison assessment of the potential radiation hazard of “Digmai” and “Adrasman” tailing dumps and Istiklol-city in the Sughd region and to estimate radiological risks to the population living near the tailing dumps. For radon monitoring both integral and instantaneous measurements were used. For instant measurements of radon volu-metric activity the PPA-01M-03 LLC “HTM-Protection” (Russia) raidometer was used. The back-ground radiation in the area under study was measured with Dosimeters DKS-96 “Dose” (Rus-sia), DKS-AT1123 “Atomtech” (Belarus), MKS-AT6130 “Atomtech” (Belarus) and PackEye FHT complex-1377 “Thermo” (Germany). The paper presents data on comparison assessment of po-tential hazard of radioactive tailing dumps in the Sughd area. The impact of uranium tailing dumps on radioecological situation in the Sughd region, as well as in cities and districts of the Sughd region was assessed. The most unfavorable radioecological situation in the Sughd region is in areas with the ambient dose equivalent power (MAED)>0.35-0.40 μSv/h. The coordinates of the areas location coincide with coordinates of the radioactive tailing dumps Istiklol-city and Gaziyeon (“Digmai”) location, and their adjacent territories. According to comparison assessment, the tailing dumps “Digmai” and “Factory of Poor Ores” (Istiklol-city) are potentially the most haz-ardous facilities. It means that for radioecological safety of the environment and the population, it is recommended to carry out cleaning and remediation of the tailing dumps as a priority: «Dig-mai» and «Factory of poor ores».","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79184118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-128-136
A. Grigorieva, A. Bulavskaya, T. A. Nguyen, S. Stuchebrov, Z. Startseva, V. Velikaya, N. Turgunova, I. Miloichikova
Due to the new rapidly developed technological equipment for radiotherapy available in cancer clinics, the study of the optimal combination of topometric preparation of a patient with planning and the delivery of treatment in order to achieve the main goal of radiation therapy – maximum exposure of the foci with minimal damage to healthy tissue. The reduction of dose to critical or-gans and healthy tissues in general is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the paper is to explore the possibility of optimization of the combined radiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer, with account of advanced approaches to topometric preparation of a patient and dosime-try planning. Six patients 47-59 years of age, with the stage III of the lower ampullary rectal can-cer, received two-phase pre-operative combined radiotherapy at the Tomsk Cancer Research In-stitute NMRC. The Phase 1 – distant radiation therapy delivery in standard mode with a single fo-cal dose (ROD) of 2 Gy, 5 times a week, totally 20 fractions, to focal dose (SOD) of 40 Gy. The Phase 2 – intracavitary radiation therapy, ROD – 3 Gy, SOD – 15 Gy, locally in the tumor area, 2 times a week, total number – 5 fractions. The conventional radiation therapy planning was carried out with the use of the XiO 3-D dosimetry planning system for the "Theratron Equinox 80" (radia-tion of the isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV), gamma-therapeutic apparatus, and for the SL75-5-MT (Electron braking radiation, E=6 MeV) linear accelerator. For conformal radial therapy the plan-ning system for linear accelerator «Elekta Synergy» (electron brake radiation, E=6 MeV) is used. For intracavitary radiotherapy the dosimetry planning system HDRPlus for the apparatus "Multi-Source" (radiation of isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV) is used. Radiation doses to critical organs of pa-tients with lower ampullary rectal cancer exposed to combined course of radiotherapy was calculated. It has been shown that the use of advanced techniques for pretreatment topometric preparation of a patient and dosimetry planning makes possible optimization of combined radiotherapy with account of radiation doses to critical organs.
{"title":"Optimization of radiotherapy combined course for rectal cancer","authors":"A. Grigorieva, A. Bulavskaya, T. A. Nguyen, S. Stuchebrov, Z. Startseva, V. Velikaya, N. Turgunova, I. Miloichikova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-128-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-128-136","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the new rapidly developed technological equipment for radiotherapy available in cancer clinics, the study of the optimal combination of topometric preparation of a patient with planning and the delivery of treatment in order to achieve the main goal of radiation therapy – maximum exposure of the foci with minimal damage to healthy tissue. The reduction of dose to critical or-gans and healthy tissues in general is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the paper is to explore the possibility of optimization of the combined radiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer, with account of advanced approaches to topometric preparation of a patient and dosime-try planning. Six patients 47-59 years of age, with the stage III of the lower ampullary rectal can-cer, received two-phase pre-operative combined radiotherapy at the Tomsk Cancer Research In-stitute NMRC. The Phase 1 – distant radiation therapy delivery in standard mode with a single fo-cal dose (ROD) of 2 Gy, 5 times a week, totally 20 fractions, to focal dose (SOD) of 40 Gy. The Phase 2 – intracavitary radiation therapy, ROD – 3 Gy, SOD – 15 Gy, locally in the tumor area, 2 times a week, total number – 5 fractions. The conventional radiation therapy planning was carried out with the use of the XiO 3-D dosimetry planning system for the \"Theratron Equinox 80\" (radia-tion of the isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV), gamma-therapeutic apparatus, and for the SL75-5-MT (Electron braking radiation, E=6 MeV) linear accelerator. For conformal radial therapy the plan-ning system for linear accelerator «Elekta Synergy» (electron brake radiation, E=6 MeV) is used. For intracavitary radiotherapy the dosimetry planning system HDRPlus for the apparatus \"Multi-Source\" (radiation of isotope Co-60, Egamma=1.25 MeV) is used. Radiation doses to critical organs of pa-tients with lower ampullary rectal cancer exposed to combined course of radiotherapy was calculated. It has been shown that the use of advanced techniques for pretreatment topometric preparation of a patient and dosimetry planning makes possible optimization of combined radiotherapy with account of radiation doses to critical organs.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79518637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-127-135
A. V. Semenov, K. Gordon, Rozhnov
{"title":"Hyperfractionated irradiation for early laryngeal cancer","authors":"A. V. Semenov, K. Gordon, Rozhnov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-127-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-127-135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82409839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-111-117
E. Charchyan, S. Abugov, R. S. Polyakov, V. G. Sorokin, V. Garbuzov, K. Kotenko
Thanks to the development of modern mobile imaging devices, the treatment of such a serious pa-thology as aortic aneurysm has become more accessible. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are the most common pathology of the thoracic aorta. It occurs with increasing frequency (10 cases per 100,000 people per year). The most common cause of the disease is atherosclerosis. To date, the treat-ment of this serious pathology has become more accessible due to the development of modern mobile imaging devices. As compared to stationary devices, the portable devices for angiography of the latest generation are movable and can be moved from site to site quickly and easily they produce high quality angiograms, the system can be accessible to any health-care institutions. The paper presents the first in Russia successful case of endoprosthetics of the thoracic aorta using mobile C-arm RFD Ziehm Vision. A 75-year-old man was found to have a symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm up to 67 mm in diameter, complicated by intramural (1.2 cm thick) and periaortic hematomas and compression atelectasis of the lower lobe of the left lung. The patient underwent prosthetics of the root, ascending part and arch of the aorta with a 30x8 (mm) synthetic prosthesis and intraoperative stenting of the descending thoracic aorta on a mobile C-arm. Our clinical expe-rience shows that difficult hybrid interventions can be successful if they are carried out in a surgical operating room with the use of a high-power C-arm with angiography function. This approach al-lows specialists to obtain image of required quality, with low exposure of a patient to ionizing radia-tion. The method can be used in the absence of stationary angiographs.
{"title":"Endovascular implantation of a stent graft into the aorta in a hybrid operating room using a modern mobile X-ray C-arm: a clinical case","authors":"E. Charchyan, S. Abugov, R. S. Polyakov, V. G. Sorokin, V. Garbuzov, K. Kotenko","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-111-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-111-117","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the development of modern mobile imaging devices, the treatment of such a serious pa-thology as aortic aneurysm has become more accessible. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are the most common pathology of the thoracic aorta. It occurs with increasing frequency (10 cases per 100,000 people per year). The most common cause of the disease is atherosclerosis. To date, the treat-ment of this serious pathology has become more accessible due to the development of modern mobile imaging devices. As compared to stationary devices, the portable devices for angiography of the latest generation are movable and can be moved from site to site quickly and easily they produce high quality angiograms, the system can be accessible to any health-care institutions. The paper presents the first in Russia successful case of endoprosthetics of the thoracic aorta using mobile C-arm RFD Ziehm Vision. A 75-year-old man was found to have a symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm up to 67 mm in diameter, complicated by intramural (1.2 cm thick) and periaortic hematomas and compression atelectasis of the lower lobe of the left lung. The patient underwent prosthetics of the root, ascending part and arch of the aorta with a 30x8 (mm) synthetic prosthesis and intraoperative stenting of the descending thoracic aorta on a mobile C-arm. Our clinical expe-rience shows that difficult hybrid interventions can be successful if they are carried out in a surgical operating room with the use of a high-power C-arm with angiography function. This approach al-lows specialists to obtain image of required quality, with low exposure of a patient to ionizing radia-tion. The method can be used in the absence of stationary angiographs.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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