Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-77-88
S. Geras'kin, K. Minkenova, A. Perevolotsky, Z. Baigazinov, T.V. Perevolotskya
To construct dose-response curves for basic biological indicators, such as mortality, fertility, ra-diation-related morbidity, genetic effects, data of experimental studies of acute radiation expo-sure carried out under controlled conditions within laboratory walls are mainly used. However, the results of experimental research cannot be applied to research of radiation effects on biological species inhabiting and growing in large territories, contaminated with the mixture of -, - and -emitting radionuclides with different penetrativeness, biological efficiency and mobility in the soil-plant system. Large scale study of impact of 90Sr in different concentrations in the Koeleria gra-cilis plants on the frequency of cytogenetic damage formation. For the study 105 experimental points on the «4A» landing in the Semipalatinsk test site were selected. The landing was earlier used for radioactive substances testing, the 90Sr concentration in plants varied between 102 and 108 Bq/kg. It was the first open-air study that allowed researchers to obtain the curve of the rela-tionship between the radioniuclide content in the plants and the frequency of cytogenetic altera-tions. The threshold for cytogenetic alterations induction in the plants below 1.58105 Bq/kg was found. At the higher 90Sr concentrations statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the frequen-cy of cytogenetic alterations induction from <2% to 18% was observed. Among all cytogenetic disorders found in the plants double bridges and fragments occurred more frequently; it indicates that formed cytogenetic alterations were induced by radiation.
{"title":"Nonlinear relationship between Sr-90 content in the Koeleria gracilis plants growing in the Semipalatinsk test site and frequency of cytogenetic alterations","authors":"S. Geras'kin, K. Minkenova, A. Perevolotsky, Z. Baigazinov, T.V. Perevolotskya","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-77-88","url":null,"abstract":"To construct dose-response curves for basic biological indicators, such as mortality, fertility, ra-diation-related morbidity, genetic effects, data of experimental studies of acute radiation expo-sure carried out under controlled conditions within laboratory walls are mainly used. However, the results of experimental research cannot be applied to research of radiation effects on biological species inhabiting and growing in large territories, contaminated with the mixture of -, - and -emitting radionuclides with different penetrativeness, biological efficiency and mobility in the soil-plant system. Large scale study of impact of 90Sr in different concentrations in the Koeleria gra-cilis plants on the frequency of cytogenetic damage formation. For the study 105 experimental points on the «4A» landing in the Semipalatinsk test site were selected. The landing was earlier used for radioactive substances testing, the 90Sr concentration in plants varied between 102 and 108 Bq/kg. It was the first open-air study that allowed researchers to obtain the curve of the rela-tionship between the radioniuclide content in the plants and the frequency of cytogenetic altera-tions. The threshold for cytogenetic alterations induction in the plants below 1.58105 Bq/kg was found. At the higher 90Sr concentrations statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the frequen-cy of cytogenetic alterations induction from <2% to 18% was observed. Among all cytogenetic disorders found in the plants double bridges and fragments occurred more frequently; it indicates that formed cytogenetic alterations were induced by radiation.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77207412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-38-49
S. Spiridonov, V. V. Ivanov, I. Titov, V. E. Nushtaeva
This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.
{"title":"Radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region based on a set of statistical models","authors":"S. Spiridonov, V. V. Ivanov, I. Titov, V. E. Nushtaeva","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-38-49","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83005116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-50-61
V. Kuznetsov, N. Isamov, A. Panov
The paper presents the impact of remedial actions on 137Cs content in agricultural lands affected by radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The remediation of Cs-137 – contaminated of hayfields and pastures in the vicinity of the Veprin village, located in the Bryansk region, was car-ried out in 2004. Remediation of greenlands aimed at reduction of soil-forage-milk transfer of 137Cs involved deep ploughing of the soil, liming, introducing high doses of mineral fertilizers and sowing grass mixtures. Evaluation of remedial actions effectiveness after the first three years and 15 years later is discussed in the paper. Undertaken agrotechnical measures resulted in reduc-tion of soil surface layer density contamination with 137Cs by 1.8 times. Due to remediation of the pasture in the river flood-plain the soil surface layer density contamination with 137Cs was re-duced by 2.7 times and dose rate by 1.9 times. It is to be noted that lower geomorphological ele-ments of the landscape with prevailing peat soils are critical for accumulation of 137Cs in the grass stand and accumulation of radionuclides in the river floodplain. In the first three years after the remediation 137 Cs soil-grass transfer was reduced by 3 times, and in cultivated hayfield soils the 137Cs transfer was reduced by 8 times. While the land reclamation effectiveness weakened signif-icantly in 15 years after the remediation, accumulation of 137Cs in grass stand grown on cultivated hayfields was 1.6 time lower than in the grass grown in uncultivated lands. The radionuclide con-tent in cultivated pastures is 1.8 times lower than in uncultivated ones. The content of 137Cs in milk was reduced by 3.3 times in the first years after grasslands reclamation, in 15 years the reduction factor was 1.5. Outcomes of long-term follow-up of radioecological situation in grasslands, af-fected by radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident, following land remediation and the as-sessment of its effectiveness can be used as the motivation for and benefits of remedial actions ensuring radiation safety of agricultural products from radioactively contaminated areas. The ob-tained results can be used for clarification and adjustment of the strategies of reclamation of ra-dioactively contaminated lands and optimal use of grasslands after their restoration.
{"title":"Assessment of grasslands remediation effectiveness in different periods after the Chernobyl accident","authors":"V. Kuznetsov, N. Isamov, A. Panov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-50-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-50-61","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the impact of remedial actions on 137Cs content in agricultural lands affected by radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The remediation of Cs-137 – contaminated of hayfields and pastures in the vicinity of the Veprin village, located in the Bryansk region, was car-ried out in 2004. Remediation of greenlands aimed at reduction of soil-forage-milk transfer of 137Cs involved deep ploughing of the soil, liming, introducing high doses of mineral fertilizers and sowing grass mixtures. Evaluation of remedial actions effectiveness after the first three years and 15 years later is discussed in the paper. Undertaken agrotechnical measures resulted in reduc-tion of soil surface layer density contamination with 137Cs by 1.8 times. Due to remediation of the pasture in the river flood-plain the soil surface layer density contamination with 137Cs was re-duced by 2.7 times and dose rate by 1.9 times. It is to be noted that lower geomorphological ele-ments of the landscape with prevailing peat soils are critical for accumulation of 137Cs in the grass stand and accumulation of radionuclides in the river floodplain. In the first three years after the remediation 137 Cs soil-grass transfer was reduced by 3 times, and in cultivated hayfield soils the 137Cs transfer was reduced by 8 times. While the land reclamation effectiveness weakened signif-icantly in 15 years after the remediation, accumulation of 137Cs in grass stand grown on cultivated hayfields was 1.6 time lower than in the grass grown in uncultivated lands. The radionuclide con-tent in cultivated pastures is 1.8 times lower than in uncultivated ones. The content of 137Cs in milk was reduced by 3.3 times in the first years after grasslands reclamation, in 15 years the reduction factor was 1.5. Outcomes of long-term follow-up of radioecological situation in grasslands, af-fected by radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident, following land remediation and the as-sessment of its effectiveness can be used as the motivation for and benefits of remedial actions ensuring radiation safety of agricultural products from radioactively contaminated areas. The ob-tained results can be used for clarification and adjustment of the strategies of reclamation of ra-dioactively contaminated lands and optimal use of grasslands after their restoration.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89734532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-133-145
A. Yankauskas, N. Larionova, A. Shatrov
The article presents the results of research on the morpho-anatomical structure of the plants growing under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. The research was conducted in the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site in the vicinity of the Shagan river. The radioecological situation in the study area is determined by the presence of the long-lived radionuclides 3H, 90Sr, 239+240Pu in components comprising the natural environment. The main contributor to the radioactive contam-ination of the nature components is 3H. The findings of the study show that when 3H specific activ-ity in the free water of the common reed grass increases to n103-n105 Bq/kg, some anatomical parameters of its cane and leaf are reduced. The study also shows that with the increase in triti-um specific activity from n102 to n105 Bq/kg the anatomical parameters of the cane (scleren-chyma, cane diameter) decrease. When the specific activity of tritium increases to n104 Bq/kg, the leaf anatomical parameters are reduced. When specific activity of 3H increases to n105 Bq/kg there is the general tendency to the insignificant increase in anatomical parameters.
{"title":"Effect of tritium on the morpho-anatomical structure of the common reed (Phragmites australis)","authors":"A. Yankauskas, N. Larionova, A. Shatrov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-133-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-133-145","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the morpho-anatomical structure of the plants growing under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. The research was conducted in the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site in the vicinity of the Shagan river. The radioecological situation in the study area is determined by the presence of the long-lived radionuclides 3H, 90Sr, 239+240Pu in components comprising the natural environment. The main contributor to the radioactive contam-ination of the nature components is 3H. The findings of the study show that when 3H specific activ-ity in the free water of the common reed grass increases to n103-n105 Bq/kg, some anatomical parameters of its cane and leaf are reduced. The study also shows that with the increase in triti-um specific activity from n102 to n105 Bq/kg the anatomical parameters of the cane (scleren-chyma, cane diameter) decrease. When the specific activity of tritium increases to n104 Bq/kg, the leaf anatomical parameters are reduced. When specific activity of 3H increases to n105 Bq/kg there is the general tendency to the insignificant increase in anatomical parameters.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76215074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-61-68
V. Panfilova, O. Kolganova, O. Chibisova
The effect of electromagnetic radiation of the mobile communication frequency range during chronic exposure to the reproductive function of rats, the antenatal and postnatal development of the offspring of irradiated males and females Wistar rats was studied. Irradiation conditions: the carrier frequency 1800 MHz (unmodulated radiation), the power flux density of 85 μW/cm2, the zone of the formed wave (the distance from the radiation source of 1.3 m) from the radiation source. Males (15 individuals) and females (32 individuals) were exposed to radiation in an ane-choic chamber in lattice containers for 1 hour a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Two weeks after the last irradiation session the animals were paired at the rate of the one male for two females. Then pregnant female rats were irradiated from 5 to 17 days of pregnancy with the same expo-sure parameters. The animals of the control group (15 males and 30 females) were subjected to the same manipulation, but with the radiation source turned off. On the 20th day of pregnancy, some of females (13 experimental and 12 control females) were euthanized to study embryo-genesis. To assess embryogenesis, the following factors were studied: ovulatory activity of the ovaries, preimplantation and postimplantation intrauterine death of embryos, the average num-ber of live fetuses, their cranio-caudal sizes and body weight. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in embryogenesis. From the remaining 10 experimental and 14 control pregnant females, groups were formed to assess the postnatal development of the first generation offspring. No differences were found in the early postnatal ontogenesis of the offspring of irradiated and control animals. Thus, chronic unmodulated electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 1800 did not have a significant effect on the course of pregnancy of the fe-males and the early postnatal development of their first generation offspring.
{"title":"Effect of chronic electromagnetic radiation on embryogenesis and early postnatal development of the offspring of irradiated animals","authors":"V. Panfilova, O. Kolganova, O. Chibisova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-61-68","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of electromagnetic radiation of the mobile communication frequency range during chronic exposure to the reproductive function of rats, the antenatal and postnatal development of the offspring of irradiated males and females Wistar rats was studied. Irradiation conditions: the carrier frequency 1800 MHz (unmodulated radiation), the power flux density of 85 μW/cm2, the zone of the formed wave (the distance from the radiation source of 1.3 m) from the radiation source. Males (15 individuals) and females (32 individuals) were exposed to radiation in an ane-choic chamber in lattice containers for 1 hour a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Two weeks after the last irradiation session the animals were paired at the rate of the one male for two females. Then pregnant female rats were irradiated from 5 to 17 days of pregnancy with the same expo-sure parameters. The animals of the control group (15 males and 30 females) were subjected to the same manipulation, but with the radiation source turned off. On the 20th day of pregnancy, some of females (13 experimental and 12 control females) were euthanized to study embryo-genesis. To assess embryogenesis, the following factors were studied: ovulatory activity of the ovaries, preimplantation and postimplantation intrauterine death of embryos, the average num-ber of live fetuses, their cranio-caudal sizes and body weight. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in embryogenesis. From the remaining 10 experimental and 14 control pregnant females, groups were formed to assess the postnatal development of the first generation offspring. No differences were found in the early postnatal ontogenesis of the offspring of irradiated and control animals. Thus, chronic unmodulated electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 1800 did not have a significant effect on the course of pregnancy of the fe-males and the early postnatal development of their first generation offspring.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80569972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-7-24
V. Stepanenko, A. Kaprin, S. A. Ivanov, P. Shegay, T. Kolyzhenkov, V. Bogacheva, E. Iaskova, A. Petukhov, O. Karyakin, M. Kiseleva, L. Krikunova, N. Borysheva, V. Biryukov, G. A. Rukhadze, V. Kucherov, V. A. Korotkov, A. Ivannikov, A. Khailov, E. Zharova, K. Zhumadilov, S. Endo, M. Hoshi
Individual retrospective dosimetry was developed at A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) after the Chernobyl accident for assessment and analysis of radiation effects on people lived in radioactively contaminated settlements in the Kaluga and Bryansk regions. The method was also used in radiation epidemiology case-control studies within frames of international pilot projects. The ob-tained data demonstrated reliable dose-response relationship for thyroid cancer in patients with diag-nosed thyroid cancer, who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident and resided in radi-oactively contaminated areas in the Bryansk region. The dose-response relationship for diagnosed inva-sive breast cancer was found in women, resided in radioactively contaminated settlements since the acci-dent till the first diagnosis of cancer that was established within the period from October 2008 to February 2013. Their age at diagnosis was under 55 years. At the same time, no dose-response relationship for leu-kaemia was found in children under 5 years old at the time of the accident. The individual retrospective dosimetry method has been updated and used in pilot studies for verifying conservative estimates of radi-ation doses to the population exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, as well as for verifying estimates of external radiation doses to people affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. The method was also used for estimating individual doses from residual radi-oactivity for the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. The long-term collaboration continues under bilateral International Collaboration Agreements between the National Medical Research Radiological Centre and leading research centres in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Japan. Since 2016 researchers and physicians of A. Tsyb MRRC have modi-fied method of stimulated luminescence of natural and synthetic materials and developed innovative technology in vivo dosimetry that has been put into clinical practice for estimating spatial radiation doses distribution in internal organs at risk during the brachytherapy of prostate cancer, gynecologic and recur-rent pelvic tumors, as well as for estimating local radiation dose to the skin of the breast gland with the tumor. The 35-year experience in the development and application of methods for individual retrospective dosimetry after the Chernobyl accident formed the basis for identifying future-pointing trends for the de-velopment of novel applications of stimulated luminescence techniques. Radiation-induced stimulated luminescence dosimetry can be applicable in uncontrolled radiation events; retrospective dosimetry method applicable for neutron beam radiation therapy is under development. The method of in vivo do-simetry is useful in radiation oncology. Now assembled thermoluminiscent micro-sized dosimeters are used for arterial radioembolization. A
{"title":"35 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident: methods of retrospective dosimetry in assessing of the consequences of large-scale uncontrolled radiation exposures, their subsequent development and application in oncoradiology (experience of A. Tsyb MRRC)","authors":"V. Stepanenko, A. Kaprin, S. A. Ivanov, P. Shegay, T. Kolyzhenkov, V. Bogacheva, E. Iaskova, A. Petukhov, O. Karyakin, M. Kiseleva, L. Krikunova, N. Borysheva, V. Biryukov, G. A. Rukhadze, V. Kucherov, V. A. Korotkov, A. Ivannikov, A. Khailov, E. Zharova, K. Zhumadilov, S. Endo, M. Hoshi","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-7-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-7-24","url":null,"abstract":"Individual retrospective dosimetry was developed at A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) after the Chernobyl accident for assessment and analysis of radiation effects on people lived in radioactively contaminated settlements in the Kaluga and Bryansk regions. The method was also used in radiation epidemiology case-control studies within frames of international pilot projects. The ob-tained data demonstrated reliable dose-response relationship for thyroid cancer in patients with diag-nosed thyroid cancer, who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident and resided in radi-oactively contaminated areas in the Bryansk region. The dose-response relationship for diagnosed inva-sive breast cancer was found in women, resided in radioactively contaminated settlements since the acci-dent till the first diagnosis of cancer that was established within the period from October 2008 to February 2013. Their age at diagnosis was under 55 years. At the same time, no dose-response relationship for leu-kaemia was found in children under 5 years old at the time of the accident. The individual retrospective dosimetry method has been updated and used in pilot studies for verifying conservative estimates of radi-ation doses to the population exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, as well as for verifying estimates of external radiation doses to people affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. The method was also used for estimating individual doses from residual radi-oactivity for the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. The long-term collaboration continues under bilateral International Collaboration Agreements between the National Medical Research Radiological Centre and leading research centres in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Japan. Since 2016 researchers and physicians of A. Tsyb MRRC have modi-fied method of stimulated luminescence of natural and synthetic materials and developed innovative technology in vivo dosimetry that has been put into clinical practice for estimating spatial radiation doses distribution in internal organs at risk during the brachytherapy of prostate cancer, gynecologic and recur-rent pelvic tumors, as well as for estimating local radiation dose to the skin of the breast gland with the tumor. The 35-year experience in the development and application of methods for individual retrospective dosimetry after the Chernobyl accident formed the basis for identifying future-pointing trends for the de-velopment of novel applications of stimulated luminescence techniques. Radiation-induced stimulated luminescence dosimetry can be applicable in uncontrolled radiation events; retrospective dosimetry method applicable for neutron beam radiation therapy is under development. The method of in vivo do-simetry is useful in radiation oncology. Now assembled thermoluminiscent micro-sized dosimeters are used for arterial radioembolization. A","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84400882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-108-116
K. A. Vasyanina, L. Klyueva, A. V. Olsufieva, S. E. Shemyakov, D. A. Zotkin, A. Kosyreva, A. D. Vovkogon, M. Timofeeva, D.V. Kudryavtsev-Rashevsky
Radiation has a negative impact on human health because of its high penetrating power. Mitoti-cally dividing cells and the lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract are most radiosensitive. The intestine is the major zone of sensitization and recycling of immunocytes that populate the mucous membranes of other organs. Immune-competent tissues of the digestive tract are repre-sented by lymphoid tissue, where the leading role belongs to Peyer's plaques-group accumula-tions of lymphoid tissue. The antigen-sensitized lymphocytes of Peyer's plaques migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes, and from there through the lymphatic vessels through the thoracic duct and circulatory system and are directed to their own layer of the intestinal mucosa, mainly as IgA-secreting cells. This mechanism ensures the formation of clones of lymphocytes and the for-mation of specific antibodies in the areas of the mucous membrane that are remote from the fo-cus of primary sensitization. The important thing is that, unlike other lymphoid tissues that require infection or local immunization to form a germinal center, reproduction centers are always pre-sent in Peyer's plaques, regardless of the presence of infection.
{"title":"Effect of low-intensity radiation on the morphological features of Peyer's plaque","authors":"K. A. Vasyanina, L. Klyueva, A. V. Olsufieva, S. E. Shemyakov, D. A. Zotkin, A. Kosyreva, A. D. Vovkogon, M. Timofeeva, D.V. Kudryavtsev-Rashevsky","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-108-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-108-116","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation has a negative impact on human health because of its high penetrating power. Mitoti-cally dividing cells and the lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract are most radiosensitive. The intestine is the major zone of sensitization and recycling of immunocytes that populate the mucous membranes of other organs. Immune-competent tissues of the digestive tract are repre-sented by lymphoid tissue, where the leading role belongs to Peyer's plaques-group accumula-tions of lymphoid tissue. The antigen-sensitized lymphocytes of Peyer's plaques migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes, and from there through the lymphatic vessels through the thoracic duct and circulatory system and are directed to their own layer of the intestinal mucosa, mainly as IgA-secreting cells. This mechanism ensures the formation of clones of lymphocytes and the for-mation of specific antibodies in the areas of the mucous membrane that are remote from the fo-cus of primary sensitization. The important thing is that, unlike other lymphoid tissues that require infection or local immunization to form a germinal center, reproduction centers are always pre-sent in Peyer's plaques, regardless of the presence of infection.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-5-23
V. Ivanov, E. V. Spirin, S. Lovachev, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, V. Solomatin
The paper presents results of research on radiological protection of the public during normal op-eration of Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) and in increased total power of reactor plants in the Industrial power complex (IPC) based on the current national radiation safety stand-ards (NRB-99/2009), UNSCEAR conclusions and ICRP recommendations. To evaluate radiologi-cal protection of the public the concepts of radiological detriment (RD) and the level of radiation protection (LRP) were used. The concepts were also used to examine the compliance of the BREST-OD-300, fabrication/refabrication module, processing module, BR-1200 and BN-1200 re-actors, collectively called nuclear objects, with safety standards. RD and LRP were estimated with the use of data of the Russian national cancer statistics and cancer statistics of the regions, wherein nuclear objects are planned to be placed – Tomsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk. For the public residing nearby the nuclear objects the estimated LRP and RD meet NRB-99/2009 re-quirements concerning the restriction of radiation risk at the level of 10Е-5 from potential irradiation during a year. For the public of the critical group (girls younger than 5 years of age), residing nearby the PDEC and the nuclear objects the negligible risk of 10Е-6 can be achievable if annual radiation doses of 3H, for BREST-OD-300, reduce by 80%, and of annual doses of Cs-137, for the processing module reduce by 75%. The negligible risk for the public can be achieved if annual radiation doses of H-3 for BREST-OD-300 reduce by 10% and annual radiation doses of Cs-137 for processing module reduce by 5%. Projected radiation risk value for the public residing nearby BN-1200 and BR-1200 or nearby the IPC with two BR-1200 facilities will be much lower than the level of the negligible risk of 10Е-6. The RD calculated with ICRP methodology, serves as confirmation of the need to improve efficiency in cancer care in Tomsk region in order the regional RD to be at the national level. Because the high level of radiological protection of the public during the normal operation of the fabrication/refabrication module, its further operation when establishing IPC based on BR-1200 is feasible.
{"title":"Radiological protection of the public during the normal operating of the Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) and in increased total power of reactor plants in the Industrial power complex (IPC) within the framework of the Proryv Project","authors":"V. Ivanov, E. V. Spirin, S. Lovachev, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, V. Solomatin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-5-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-5-23","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of research on radiological protection of the public during normal op-eration of Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) and in increased total power of reactor plants in the Industrial power complex (IPC) based on the current national radiation safety stand-ards (NRB-99/2009), UNSCEAR conclusions and ICRP recommendations. To evaluate radiologi-cal protection of the public the concepts of radiological detriment (RD) and the level of radiation protection (LRP) were used. The concepts were also used to examine the compliance of the BREST-OD-300, fabrication/refabrication module, processing module, BR-1200 and BN-1200 re-actors, collectively called nuclear objects, with safety standards. RD and LRP were estimated with the use of data of the Russian national cancer statistics and cancer statistics of the regions, wherein nuclear objects are planned to be placed – Tomsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk. For the public residing nearby the nuclear objects the estimated LRP and RD meet NRB-99/2009 re-quirements concerning the restriction of radiation risk at the level of 10Е-5 from potential irradiation during a year. For the public of the critical group (girls younger than 5 years of age), residing nearby the PDEC and the nuclear objects the negligible risk of 10Е-6 can be achievable if annual radiation doses of 3H, for BREST-OD-300, reduce by 80%, and of annual doses of Cs-137, for the processing module reduce by 75%. The negligible risk for the public can be achieved if annual radiation doses of H-3 for BREST-OD-300 reduce by 10% and annual radiation doses of Cs-137 for processing module reduce by 5%. Projected radiation risk value for the public residing nearby BN-1200 and BR-1200 or nearby the IPC with two BR-1200 facilities will be much lower than the level of the negligible risk of 10Е-6. The RD calculated with ICRP methodology, serves as confirmation of the need to improve efficiency in cancer care in Tomsk region in order the regional RD to be at the national level. Because the high level of radiological protection of the public during the normal operation of the fabrication/refabrication module, its further operation when establishing IPC based on BR-1200 is feasible.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89002631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-85-93
V. Tishchenko, V. Petriev, O. Vlasova, E. Stepchenkova
Nowadays the radiolabeled microspheres are established tools for radioembolization of primary and metastatic liver cancer. Human serum albumin microspheres (HSA) are unique carriers for selective and controlled radionuclide delivery to malignant tumors. Rhenium-188 (Re-188), which decays with beta particles (2.12 MeV (71.1%) and 1.965 MeV (25.6%) and gamma emission (155 keV (15.1%)) is one of the most available and promising generator-based radionuclide for cancer therapy. The purpose of this work was to study the biodistribution of microspheres based on hu-man serum albumin labeled with Re-188 (Re-188-HSA) in animals after different routes of admin-istration. The size of more than 95% of microspheres was 10-20 μm. The studies were carried out on outbred white mice and inbred C57BL/6 mice with transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma after intravenous, intramuscular and intratumoral administration. After intravenous injection the high-est amount of Re-188-HSA in organs and tissues was observed: up to 311.3%/g in lungs, up to 74.30%/g in thyroid gland, up to 12.70%/g in liver, up to 0,81%/g in blood. After the intramuscular injection of 188Re-HSA, the concentration of 188Re-HSA in organs and tissues was significantly lower and did not exceed 1%/g, except for thyroid gland (1,10-17.80%/g). After intratumoral injec-tion the amount of Re-188-HSA in tumor varied from 16.7 to 26.8%/g, that was higher as compared with other organs and tissues. Thus, the routes of Re-188-HSA administration significantly affect its behavior in the body. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the Re-188-HSA potential for radionuclide tumor therapy after intravascular or intratumoral administration.
{"title":"Effect of administration route on the biodistribution of albumin microspheres labelled with Re-188","authors":"V. Tishchenko, V. Petriev, O. Vlasova, E. Stepchenkova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the radiolabeled microspheres are established tools for radioembolization of primary and metastatic liver cancer. Human serum albumin microspheres (HSA) are unique carriers for selective and controlled radionuclide delivery to malignant tumors. Rhenium-188 (Re-188), which decays with beta particles (2.12 MeV (71.1%) and 1.965 MeV (25.6%) and gamma emission (155 keV (15.1%)) is one of the most available and promising generator-based radionuclide for cancer therapy. The purpose of this work was to study the biodistribution of microspheres based on hu-man serum albumin labeled with Re-188 (Re-188-HSA) in animals after different routes of admin-istration. The size of more than 95% of microspheres was 10-20 μm. The studies were carried out on outbred white mice and inbred C57BL/6 mice with transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma after intravenous, intramuscular and intratumoral administration. After intravenous injection the high-est amount of Re-188-HSA in organs and tissues was observed: up to 311.3%/g in lungs, up to 74.30%/g in thyroid gland, up to 12.70%/g in liver, up to 0,81%/g in blood. After the intramuscular injection of 188Re-HSA, the concentration of 188Re-HSA in organs and tissues was significantly lower and did not exceed 1%/g, except for thyroid gland (1,10-17.80%/g). After intratumoral injec-tion the amount of Re-188-HSA in tumor varied from 16.7 to 26.8%/g, that was higher as compared with other organs and tissues. Thus, the routes of Re-188-HSA administration significantly affect its behavior in the body. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the Re-188-HSA potential for radionuclide tumor therapy after intravascular or intratumoral administration.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73201781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-156-167
E. Koryakina, V. Potetnya, M. Troshina, R. Baykuzina, S. Koryakin, A. Kaprin
The study presents results of investigations on chromosome aberrations (CA) yield in Chinese ham-ster ovary cells after exposure to gamma-rays and accelerated carbon ions (455 MeV/amu) at doses less than 1 Gy in the pristine Bragg curve plateau and behind the Bragg peak, where normal tissues are situated in the course of radiotherapy. Initial parts of dose curves for total CA and terminal deletions frequencies differed from linear-quadratic dependence and the region of induced radioresistance were observed at 0.1-0.6 Gy for gamma-rays. The similar curve shapes were detected for carbon ions, but plateau region was shorter (0.15-0.35 Gy). Despite the uniform shape of the dose curves for the CA yield, a definite dependence of the cytogenetic effect on the linear energy transfer (LET) is observed. The CA frequency increased with LET rising in the order: gamma-irradiation (0.2 keV/μm), carbon ions at the Bragg curve plateau (10-12 keV/μm) and at the «tail» of Bragg peak (25-27 keV/μm). Outside this range, the yield of chromosome aberrations also enhanced with increasing LET in the same order. The results obtained confirm that the hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance phenomena are characteristic for low level exposure to low-LET and middle-LET radiations when chromosome aberration test is used.
{"title":"Effects of hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance in CHO-K1 cells following exposure to gamma-rays and accelerated carbon ions","authors":"E. Koryakina, V. Potetnya, M. Troshina, R. Baykuzina, S. Koryakin, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-156-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-156-167","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents results of investigations on chromosome aberrations (CA) yield in Chinese ham-ster ovary cells after exposure to gamma-rays and accelerated carbon ions (455 MeV/amu) at doses less than 1 Gy in the pristine Bragg curve plateau and behind the Bragg peak, where normal tissues are situated in the course of radiotherapy. Initial parts of dose curves for total CA and terminal deletions frequencies differed from linear-quadratic dependence and the region of induced radioresistance were observed at 0.1-0.6 Gy for gamma-rays. The similar curve shapes were detected for carbon ions, but plateau region was shorter (0.15-0.35 Gy). Despite the uniform shape of the dose curves for the CA yield, a definite dependence of the cytogenetic effect on the linear energy transfer (LET) is observed. The CA frequency increased with LET rising in the order: gamma-irradiation (0.2 keV/μm), carbon ions at the Bragg curve plateau (10-12 keV/μm) and at the «tail» of Bragg peak (25-27 keV/μm). Outside this range, the yield of chromosome aberrations also enhanced with increasing LET in the same order. The results obtained confirm that the hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance phenomena are characteristic for low level exposure to low-LET and middle-LET radiations when chromosome aberration test is used.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78823823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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