Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-83-92
A. Tukov, I. Shafransky, A. Biryukov, O. Prokhorova, Y. Orlov, M. Kalinina
Estimates of radiation risk of non-toxic goiter (ICD 10: E04-E04.9) in Chernobyl liquidators were given from the information database of the Sectoral register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident for 1989-2018. Used dosimetry information contained liquidators radiation doses were measured during their work inside the Chernobyl exclusion zone, and the employees’ occupational radiation dose. The study used information about men − 12663 people, of which 1327 workers have an occupational exposure dose. At the first stage, the excess relative risk per 1 Sv (ROR/Sv) of non-toxic goiter was estimated for four groups depending on age at the time of participation in work in the Chernobyl accident zone. At the second stage of the study, a Poisson process with an intensity parameter was chosen as a statistical model of morbidity. Based on the obtained individual non-stratified data, an analytical likelihood function for the Poisson process was built and the value of the excess relative risk (RRR) of the disease with nontoxic goi-ter was calculated. The nature of the dose dependence of the IOR was studied, for which the Amfit module of the Epicure statistical software package was used. A cohort study of liquidators 1986-1990 was carried out. for 1989-2018 depending on the dose of external exposure received during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, and with the total dose received in the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with the dose during professional work. The values of the radiogenic risk of non-toxic goiter in liquidators of the consequences of the Cherno-byl accident are shown. A significant increase in the risk of IOR disease per dose unit for doses received during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident was not found. A significant increase in risk was noted when using total doses for its calculation only for liquidators in the age group of 50-59 years. The use of doses from various types of exposure in assessing the radiogenic risk of non-toxic goiter in liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident gives different values of the excess relative risk of developing this nosology. For a correct as-sessment of the radiation risk of non-toxic goiter, it is necessary to collect data on the doses of all types of exposure (occupational, emergency, medical and natural), and only the use of the total dose can give the true risk necessary to calculate the radiation safety standards.
{"title":"Risk of endemic non toxic goiter in Chernobyl liquidators and nuclear industry employees","authors":"A. Tukov, I. Shafransky, A. Biryukov, O. Prokhorova, Y. Orlov, M. Kalinina","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-83-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-83-92","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of radiation risk of non-toxic goiter (ICD 10: E04-E04.9) in Chernobyl liquidators were given from the information database of the Sectoral register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident for 1989-2018. Used dosimetry information contained liquidators radiation doses were measured during their work inside the Chernobyl exclusion zone, and the employees’ occupational radiation dose. The study used information about men − 12663 people, of which 1327 workers have an occupational exposure dose. At the first stage, the excess relative risk per 1 Sv (ROR/Sv) of non-toxic goiter was estimated for four groups depending on age at the time of participation in work in the Chernobyl accident zone. At the second stage of the study, a Poisson process with an intensity parameter was chosen as a statistical model of morbidity. Based on the obtained individual non-stratified data, an analytical likelihood function for the Poisson process was built and the value of the excess relative risk (RRR) of the disease with nontoxic goi-ter was calculated. The nature of the dose dependence of the IOR was studied, for which the Amfit module of the Epicure statistical software package was used. A cohort study of liquidators 1986-1990 was carried out. for 1989-2018 depending on the dose of external exposure received during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, and with the total dose received in the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with the dose during professional work. The values of the radiogenic risk of non-toxic goiter in liquidators of the consequences of the Cherno-byl accident are shown. A significant increase in the risk of IOR disease per dose unit for doses received during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident was not found. A significant increase in risk was noted when using total doses for its calculation only for liquidators in the age group of 50-59 years. The use of doses from various types of exposure in assessing the radiogenic risk of non-toxic goiter in liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident gives different values of the excess relative risk of developing this nosology. For a correct as-sessment of the radiation risk of non-toxic goiter, it is necessary to collect data on the doses of all types of exposure (occupational, emergency, medical and natural), and only the use of the total dose can give the true risk necessary to calculate the radiation safety standards.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88643841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-26-36
V. Solomatin, E. V. Spirin
Radiation doses to aquatic biota exposed to Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP, Tomsk) radioactive discharges, and Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) forecasting radiation doses from designed radioactive discharges were estimated. Doses to the biota in the habitat in the existing radiation situation were assessed with the use of measurements of water and bottom sediments samples collected during environmental monitoring of airborne radioactivity in 2017. Designed radioactivity discharges were assumed from normally operated PDEC modules for fabrication and refabrication and fuel reprocessing and reactor BREST-OD-300. It was found that the esti-mated highest radiation doses to biota were: for freshwater mammals – 24 μGy/day, it is 40 times below the reference levels; for fish – 7 μGy/day, it is 140 times below reference levels; for aquatic plants and mollusks – 1.2 μGy/day, it is about 10000 times below the reference levels. Anticipated radiation doses to the aquatic biota exposed to radiation discharged by PDEC were formed in the Lake Chernoe (Black Lake). The highest doses to fresh water mammals, fish and birds are 0.3 μGy/day, for aquatic plants and mollusks – 0.05 μGy/day. The main contributor to anticipated radiation doses to aquatic biota and birds is tritium, 3H.
{"title":"Impact of radioactive discharges of Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP) and Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) on aquatic biota inhabiting in the SCP 30-km zone","authors":"V. Solomatin, E. V. Spirin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-26-36","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation doses to aquatic biota exposed to Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP, Tomsk) radioactive discharges, and Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) forecasting radiation doses from designed radioactive discharges were estimated. Doses to the biota in the habitat in the existing radiation situation were assessed with the use of measurements of water and bottom sediments samples collected during environmental monitoring of airborne radioactivity in 2017. Designed radioactivity discharges were assumed from normally operated PDEC modules for fabrication and refabrication and fuel reprocessing and reactor BREST-OD-300. It was found that the esti-mated highest radiation doses to biota were: for freshwater mammals – 24 μGy/day, it is 40 times below the reference levels; for fish – 7 μGy/day, it is 140 times below reference levels; for aquatic plants and mollusks – 1.2 μGy/day, it is about 10000 times below the reference levels. Anticipated radiation doses to the aquatic biota exposed to radiation discharged by PDEC were formed in the Lake Chernoe (Black Lake). The highest doses to fresh water mammals, fish and birds are 0.3 μGy/day, for aquatic plants and mollusks – 0.05 μGy/day. The main contributor to anticipated radiation doses to aquatic biota and birds is tritium, 3H.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-73-81
M. A. Edomskaya, S. Lukashenko, A. A. Shupik, S. V. Korovin, A. V. Tomson
One of the sources of radionuclides released into the environment are radioactive waste storage. The plutonium isotopes concentration in the soils of the territory adjacent to the former radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk was estimated. The cause of pollution was the depressurization of one of the storage tanks and the release of radionuclides due to its overflow with surface and ground waters in the period from 1998 to 1999. Samples were analyzed by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical isolation with complete decomposition of soil samples. The Pu-239+240 content range in the surface soil layer was 3.7-9.6 Bq/kg, with an average value of 6.7 Bq/kg, which is an order of magnitude higher than the level of its global fallout. In some samples, significant amounts of Pu-238 are observed, the relative content of which is 10-50% of Pu-239+240, that exceeds the its relative content due to the global fallout which is 2-5%. The depth distribution of plutonium isotopes has been studied. It has been established those significant concentrations of plutonium are observed to the depth of 95 cm for this territory. There is no definite dependence of the distribution of plutonium isotopes along the vertical soil profile. The random distribution of plutonium to the soil depth indicates that the source of Pu-239+240 are groundwater. Elevated concentrations of plutonium isotopes in the soil surface of the territory under consideration, its significant concentrations at soil depth indicates that the contamination is a consequence of the leakage of plutonium isotopes from the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk. The same concentrations can be expected in the lowland of the adjacent territory.
{"title":"Assessment of plutonium isotopes content in soil at the vicinity of the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk","authors":"M. A. Edomskaya, S. Lukashenko, A. A. Shupik, S. V. Korovin, A. V. Tomson","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-73-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-73-81","url":null,"abstract":"One of the sources of radionuclides released into the environment are radioactive waste storage. The plutonium isotopes concentration in the soils of the territory adjacent to the former radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk was estimated. The cause of pollution was the depressurization of one of the storage tanks and the release of radionuclides due to its overflow with surface and ground waters in the period from 1998 to 1999. Samples were analyzed by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical isolation with complete decomposition of soil samples. The Pu-239+240 content range in the surface soil layer was 3.7-9.6 Bq/kg, with an average value of 6.7 Bq/kg, which is an order of magnitude higher than the level of its global fallout. In some samples, significant amounts of Pu-238 are observed, the relative content of which is 10-50% of Pu-239+240, that exceeds the its relative content due to the global fallout which is 2-5%. The depth distribution of plutonium isotopes has been studied. It has been established those significant concentrations of plutonium are observed to the depth of 95 cm for this territory. There is no definite dependence of the distribution of plutonium isotopes along the vertical soil profile. The random distribution of plutonium to the soil depth indicates that the source of Pu-239+240 are groundwater. Elevated concentrations of plutonium isotopes in the soil surface of the territory under consideration, its significant concentrations at soil depth indicates that the contamination is a consequence of the leakage of plutonium isotopes from the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk. The same concentrations can be expected in the lowland of the adjacent territory.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87318137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-87-99
I. Khvostunov, L. Kursova, N. Shepel, O. Korovchuk, V. A. Korotkov, T.I. Khvostunova
This paper presents the results of the study of long-term effect of radiation therapy on patients with different types of cancer. The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate effect of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for improving rehabilitation effectiveness. To estimate the effect a cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed. The group included patients for whom clarification, confirmation or refutation of the total focal dose (TFD) indicated in the epicrisis after EBRT was required. A group of 25 patients (5 males and 20 females) was examined. The patients had different types of cancer: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cancer of breast and prostate glands, cervical and uterine cancers, bone cancer and multisite cancer. All examined patients underwent rehabilitation in the department of surgical and conservative treatment of radiation Injuries of A. Tsyb MRRC. For examination patient’s blood lymphocytes were stained followed by fluorescence or light microscopy to image first mitosis cells. To detect aberrations chromosome preparations with stained chromosomes 2, 4, and 12 were subjected to FISH analysis. Chromosomal aberration analysis was also used for dose assessment in accordance with IAEA recommendations. As a result, it was shown that the individual response of patients varies significantly under irradiation schemes comparable in terms of total dose and fractionation. A significant role is played by the factor of the time interval between the end of EBRT and the cytogenetic analysis (∆T). There was a clear excess of the observed frequency of aberrations in the first decade after EBRT compared with the subsequent time. The work did not reveal any dependence between the total frequency of aberrations, as well as its components, on the type of cancer disease. According to the preliminary conclusion, there is a basis for applying obtained estimates of the dose coefficient for retrospective biodosimetry of patients with the diseases listed in the group. The revealed patterns of chromosomal damage induction in blood lymphocytes of cancer patients prove the need for a personalized approach to planning and implementing a radical course of therapy in order to increase its effectiveness and prevent side effects.
{"title":"Retrospective assessment of the severity of late radiation injuries in cancer patients by cytogenetic examination","authors":"I. Khvostunov, L. Kursova, N. Shepel, O. Korovchuk, V. A. Korotkov, T.I. Khvostunova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-87-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-87-99","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the study of long-term effect of radiation therapy on patients with different types of cancer. The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate effect of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for improving rehabilitation effectiveness. To estimate the effect a cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed. The group included patients for whom clarification, confirmation or refutation of the total focal dose (TFD) indicated in the epicrisis after EBRT was required. A group of 25 patients (5 males and 20 females) was examined. The patients had different types of cancer: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cancer of breast and prostate glands, cervical and uterine cancers, bone cancer and multisite cancer. All examined patients underwent rehabilitation in the department of surgical and conservative treatment of radiation Injuries of A. Tsyb MRRC. For examination patient’s blood lymphocytes were stained followed by fluorescence or light microscopy to image first mitosis cells. To detect aberrations chromosome preparations with stained chromosomes 2, 4, and 12 were subjected to FISH analysis. Chromosomal aberration analysis was also used for dose assessment in accordance with IAEA recommendations. As a result, it was shown that the individual response of patients varies significantly under irradiation schemes comparable in terms of total dose and fractionation. A significant role is played by the factor of the time interval between the end of EBRT and the cytogenetic analysis (∆T). There was a clear excess of the observed frequency of aberrations in the first decade after EBRT compared with the subsequent time. The work did not reveal any dependence between the total frequency of aberrations, as well as its components, on the type of cancer disease. According to the preliminary conclusion, there is a basis for applying obtained estimates of the dose coefficient for retrospective biodosimetry of patients with the diseases listed in the group. The revealed patterns of chromosomal damage induction in blood lymphocytes of cancer patients prove the need for a personalized approach to planning and implementing a radical course of therapy in order to increase its effectiveness and prevent side effects.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84047914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-111-120
P. Kuptsova, G. Zhurakovskaya, O. Pereklad, S. Belkina, M. Pronkevich
In modern methods of cancer therapy, combinations of influencing factors having various nature are widely used to achieve the highest therapeutic effect: ionizing radiation, chemotherapy drugs, hyperthermia, non-ionizing radiation, etc. The greatest cells damaging effect is achieved when the treatments are applied simultaneously. An increase in the interval between the treatments leads to final effect decrease. However, how the degree of the effect depends on the time gap has not been studied in detail. The paper presents the results of a study of this dependence with a different sequence of applied treatments. Combination of UV radiation and hyperthermia were examined. The choice of treatments is due to attention to the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation, which arises when accompanies high-energy ionizing radiation used in oncotherapy and most of which is a continuous UV spectrum. And if we consider the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation responsible for UV-like damages, which has its effect on the final result of the action of high-energy ionizing radiation, then it becomes clear that it is necessary to understand the behavior of UV light when it is used in combination with other damaging factors. Thus, the aim of the work is to study the effect of a sequence of applied treatments and the time gap between them on the magnitude of the final effect of the sequential action of UV light and hyperthermia on yeast cells. The dependence obtained in the work is of a multidirectional nature, changing from synergism to additivity, turning into antagonism with time gap rising. It is shown that the effect practically does not depend on the sequence of the treatments application, but significantly depends on the time gap between them. Such patterns were obtained for the first time. But it is indicates that when using in practice the combined action of ionizing radiation or UV light with hyperthermia, it should be remembered that the final effect can differ from expected.
{"title":"Effects of the combined action of hyperthermia and UV light on yeast cells: time factor and sequence of exposure","authors":"P. Kuptsova, G. Zhurakovskaya, O. Pereklad, S. Belkina, M. Pronkevich","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-111-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-111-120","url":null,"abstract":"In modern methods of cancer therapy, combinations of influencing factors having various nature are widely used to achieve the highest therapeutic effect: ionizing radiation, chemotherapy drugs, hyperthermia, non-ionizing radiation, etc. The greatest cells damaging effect is achieved when the treatments are applied simultaneously. An increase in the interval between the treatments leads to final effect decrease. However, how the degree of the effect depends on the time gap has not been studied in detail. The paper presents the results of a study of this dependence with a different sequence of applied treatments. Combination of UV radiation and hyperthermia were examined. The choice of treatments is due to attention to the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation, which arises when accompanies high-energy ionizing radiation used in oncotherapy and most of which is a continuous UV spectrum. And if we consider the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation responsible for UV-like damages, which has its effect on the final result of the action of high-energy ionizing radiation, then it becomes clear that it is necessary to understand the behavior of UV light when it is used in combination with other damaging factors. Thus, the aim of the work is to study the effect of a sequence of applied treatments and the time gap between them on the magnitude of the final effect of the sequential action of UV light and hyperthermia on yeast cells. The dependence obtained in the work is of a multidirectional nature, changing from synergism to additivity, turning into antagonism with time gap rising. It is shown that the effect practically does not depend on the sequence of the treatments application, but significantly depends on the time gap between them. Such patterns were obtained for the first time. But it is indicates that when using in practice the combined action of ionizing radiation or UV light with hyperthermia, it should be remembered that the final effect can differ from expected.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82707688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-6-20
V. Ivanov, A. Gorski, V. Polkin, V. Andreev, V. Kashcheev, K. Tumanov, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin
According to GLOBOCAN 2020 Statistics based on estimates for 36 cancers incidence and mortality in 185 countries produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020, the total number of cancer cases increased by 19.3 million new cases and the number of cancer deaths increased by 10 million new cancer deaths. According to statistics, 1 of 5 people develops cancer during their life, and one of 8 men and one of 11 women die from the disease. The cancer burden to 2040 is expected to increase by 28.4 million cases. The dynamics of incidence and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the Russia is registered by the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI), branch of the National Medical Research Radiolog-ical Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The data received in 2019 and 2010 were compared. The increase in cancer incidence over 10 years was 24%. However, thyroid cancer incidence surpasses other cancers incidence by 58%. The following main risk factors for potential regional induction of thyroid cancer are: the environmental situation in regions of Russia, the effects of the Chernobyl accident, and health effects of population exposed to radiation, approved with modern medical equipment. Based on epidemiological studies, it has been numerically proven that the above listed main risk factors are responsible for the significant increase in thyroid cancer incidence in Russia.
{"title":"Dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence in the population of Russia: main risk factors","authors":"V. Ivanov, A. Gorski, V. Polkin, V. Andreev, V. Kashcheev, K. Tumanov, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-6-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-6-20","url":null,"abstract":"According to GLOBOCAN 2020 Statistics based on estimates for 36 cancers incidence and mortality in 185 countries produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020, the total number of cancer cases increased by 19.3 million new cases and the number of cancer deaths increased by 10 million new cancer deaths. According to statistics, 1 of 5 people develops cancer during their life, and one of 8 men and one of 11 women die from the disease. The cancer burden to 2040 is expected to increase by 28.4 million cases. The dynamics of incidence and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the Russia is registered by the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI), branch of the National Medical Research Radiolog-ical Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The data received in 2019 and 2010 were compared. The increase in cancer incidence over 10 years was 24%. However, thyroid cancer incidence surpasses other cancers incidence by 58%. The following main risk factors for potential regional induction of thyroid cancer are: the environmental situation in regions of Russia, the effects of the Chernobyl accident, and health effects of population exposed to radiation, approved with modern medical equipment. Based on epidemiological studies, it has been numerically proven that the above listed main risk factors are responsible for the significant increase in thyroid cancer incidence in Russia.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82540906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-29-39
A.A. Isupova
The work touches upon the issue of long-term influence (more than 50 years) of low doses of ra-diation on the condition of the skin. The role of long-term incoming radionuclides into the internal environment of the body on the development of age-related changes in the skin in people living near uranium tailings in mountainous conditions has been studied. 355 indigenous people of Kyrgyzstan were examined. Of these, 62 (17.5%) people were withdrawn from the study according to the exclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 293 people. The main group consisted of 75 people, including 45 (60%) women and 30 (40%) men, mean age 38.7+/-14.7 (95% CI 35.3-42.1) years. The control group consisted of 218 people, of which 99 (45.4%) were men and 119 (54.6%) were women. Age range from 17 to 77 years. Clinical studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology. Differential diagnosis of skin neoplasms was carried out using a Heine Delta 20 dermatoscope (K-256.27.376, Heine Optotechnik, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 21.0 (SPSS Inc., IBM, Chicago, USA). To assess the effect of a risk factor, the attributable risk, risk ratio, and potential harm index (NNT) were cal-culated, and a 95% confidence interval was calculated for each variable. Statistical analysis of clinical and epidemiological data made it possible to identify a number of geriatric signs to as-sess the influence of a risk factor on age-related changes in the skin. The additional risk of age-related skin changes varies from 37+/-2.82% (95% CI 31.5-42.5%) to 63.2+/-2.81 (95% CI 57.7-68.7 %) compared with the control group. The degree of sensitivity of geriatric stigmas to the risk factor is different. At the same time, the relative contribution of the risk factor can be assessed by the severity of the frequency of occurrence of geriatric signs in people living in the zone of radioac-tive waste disposal in comparison with residents of conditionally "clean" living areas.
这项工作涉及低剂量辐射对皮肤状况的长期影响(超过50年)的问题。研究了长期进入体内环境的放射性核素对居住在山区铀尾矿附近的人皮肤发生年龄相关变化的作用。对355名吉尔吉斯斯坦土著人民进行了调查。其中，62人(17.5%)根据排除标准退出研究。样本包括293人。主要组包括75人，其中女性45人(60%)，男性30人(40%)，平均年龄38.7±14.7 (95% CI 35.3-42.1)岁。对照组218人，其中男性99人(45.4%)，女性119人(54.6%)。年龄从17岁到77岁不等。临床研究按照普遍接受的方法进行。使用Heine Delta 20皮肤镜(K-256.27.376, Heine Optotechnik，德国)对皮肤肿瘤进行鉴别诊断。采用PASW Statistics 21.0 (SPSS Inc.， IBM, Chicago, USA)进行统计学分析。为了评估风险因素的影响，计算归因风险、风险比和潜在危害指数(NNT)，并计算每个变量的95%置信区间。通过对临床和流行病学数据进行统计分析，可以确定一些老年症状，以评估风险因素对与年龄有关的皮肤变化的影响。与对照组相比，年龄相关皮肤变化的额外风险从37+/-2.82% (95% CI 31.5-42.5%)到63.2+/-2.81 (95% CI 57.7- 68.7%)不等。老年柱头对危险因素的敏感程度是不同的。同时，风险因素的相对贡献可以通过与有条件的“清洁”生活区的居民相比，生活在放射性废物处置区内的人出现老年症状的频率的严重程度来评估。
{"title":"Features of age-related changes in the skin in people living near uranium tailings in mountains","authors":"A.A. Isupova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-29-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-29-39","url":null,"abstract":"The work touches upon the issue of long-term influence (more than 50 years) of low doses of ra-diation on the condition of the skin. The role of long-term incoming radionuclides into the internal environment of the body on the development of age-related changes in the skin in people living near uranium tailings in mountainous conditions has been studied. 355 indigenous people of Kyrgyzstan were examined. Of these, 62 (17.5%) people were withdrawn from the study according to the exclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 293 people. The main group consisted of 75 people, including 45 (60%) women and 30 (40%) men, mean age 38.7+/-14.7 (95% CI 35.3-42.1) years. The control group consisted of 218 people, of which 99 (45.4%) were men and 119 (54.6%) were women. Age range from 17 to 77 years. Clinical studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology. Differential diagnosis of skin neoplasms was carried out using a Heine Delta 20 dermatoscope (K-256.27.376, Heine Optotechnik, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 21.0 (SPSS Inc., IBM, Chicago, USA). To assess the effect of a risk factor, the attributable risk, risk ratio, and potential harm index (NNT) were cal-culated, and a 95% confidence interval was calculated for each variable. Statistical analysis of clinical and epidemiological data made it possible to identify a number of geriatric signs to as-sess the influence of a risk factor on age-related changes in the skin. The additional risk of age-related skin changes varies from 37+/-2.82% (95% CI 31.5-42.5%) to 63.2+/-2.81 (95% CI 57.7-68.7 %) compared with the control group. The degree of sensitivity of geriatric stigmas to the risk factor is different. At the same time, the relative contribution of the risk factor can be assessed by the severity of the frequency of occurrence of geriatric signs in people living in the zone of radioac-tive waste disposal in comparison with residents of conditionally \"clean\" living areas.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79561786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-105-114
D. Biryukov, A. A. Samoylov, O. Frolova
The paper considers different approaches to evaluate outcomes of remediation of radioactively contaminated sites. The following indicators are currently used: economic, social, radiological, etc. Radiological factor is most commonly used, it is based on estimated averted collective dose to population. In this case, the radiation dose depends on soil characteristics, the level of radioac-tive contamination, as well as function-based soil quality for land-use planning. The most dan-gerous option in terms of radiation dose formation in populations the planning to use contami-nated sites as an agricultural land. In order to make final decision the size of contaminated area, must be taken into account when addressing the issue of meeting needs for agricultural products. The paper presents the new method for estimating results of remediation of radioactively con-taminated sites with account of actual size of radioactively contaminated area. The method was tested in implementing federal target program “Nuclear and radiation safety for 2016-2020 and the period up to 2030”. The method can be used for estimating efficiency of performed and planned remediation.
{"title":"On the issue of the relationship between the characteristics of areas with dispersed radioactive contamination and the need for their remediation","authors":"D. Biryukov, A. A. Samoylov, O. Frolova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-105-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-105-114","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers different approaches to evaluate outcomes of remediation of radioactively contaminated sites. The following indicators are currently used: economic, social, radiological, etc. Radiological factor is most commonly used, it is based on estimated averted collective dose to population. In this case, the radiation dose depends on soil characteristics, the level of radioac-tive contamination, as well as function-based soil quality for land-use planning. The most dan-gerous option in terms of radiation dose formation in populations the planning to use contami-nated sites as an agricultural land. In order to make final decision the size of contaminated area, must be taken into account when addressing the issue of meeting needs for agricultural products. The paper presents the new method for estimating results of remediation of radioactively con-taminated sites with account of actual size of radioactively contaminated area. The method was tested in implementing federal target program “Nuclear and radiation safety for 2016-2020 and the period up to 2030”. The method can be used for estimating efficiency of performed and planned remediation.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76805881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-64-73
V. A. Sakovich
This article is the first of two interrelated ones, which, in the order of discussion, compare the 60-year evolution of the regulation of radiation safety of space flights (RSSF) and radiation safety (RS) in ground conditions from the position of the basic principles of ensuring RS. To do this, a method of quoting excerpts from relevant documents has been chosen. The first article states that, although dose limits have consistently decreased over the years, they have been estab-lished in accordance with basic principles. Without denying the positive methodological role of the principles, the author now considers the inclusion of their wording in legal and regulatory documents unnecessary.
{"title":"Sixty years of manned space flight in the light of Russian legislation in the field of ra-diation safety. Basic principles in the ICRP recommendations and in Russian law. Part 1 (in the order of discussion)","authors":"V. A. Sakovich","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-64-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-64-73","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first of two interrelated ones, which, in the order of discussion, compare the 60-year evolution of the regulation of radiation safety of space flights (RSSF) and radiation safety (RS) in ground conditions from the position of the basic principles of ensuring RS. To do this, a method of quoting excerpts from relevant documents has been chosen. The first article states that, although dose limits have consistently decreased over the years, they have been estab-lished in accordance with basic principles. Without denying the positive methodological role of the principles, the author now considers the inclusion of their wording in legal and regulatory documents unnecessary.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73830122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-15-28
A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, O. Vlasov, М.А. Maksioutov, V. Kashcheev, A. M. Korelo, K. Tumanov, N. V. Shchukina, E. Pryakhin, V. Ivanov
The current recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are based on the classification of exposure situations as: planned, emergency and existing exposure situations. In planned situations, annual risk limits are set to limit human exposure. However, in emergency exposure situations or in existing exposure situations, permanent (annual) source control is not always possible, so the radiation protection strategy by monitoring the individual annual risk limit cannot always be practically implemented either. The purpose of this work is to assess the radiation safety of the population currently residing (at the beginning of 2022) in six districts of the Bryansk region: contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident: in Gordeevsky, Zlynkovsky, Klimovsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky and Novozybkovsky districts. Assessment of the current state of radiation safety of the population is based on calculations of the radiation detriment from chronic exposure due to living in contaminated areas, considering uncertainties of the reconstructed exposure doses and the parameters of mathematical risk models for the population. Radiation damage is calculated according to the modern ICRP methodology. Based on the general principle of conservative assessment of safety, the calculated upper 95% confidence limits (95% CL) of radiation detriment are compared with the corresponding lifetime radiation detriment limit, 3.510-3, determined by the Russian radiation safety standards (NRB-99/2009) under normal exposure conditions for the nominal period 70 years of life for the public. The radiation safety of the population of the Klimovsky district corresponds to the normal conditions of exposure from technogenic sources of ionizing radiation. Among the population of the remaining five contaminated districts of the Bryansk region, critical groups have been identified, the radiation detriment for which exceeds the limit 3.510-3 for normal conditions of public exposure in planned situations. The results of this work can be used in the preparation of recommendations for health authorities to improve medical monitoring of exposed citizens living in territories contaminated with radionuclides, as well as in the development of regulatory documents for the provision of targeted medical care to people from high radiation risk groups with the use of personalized medicine methods.
{"title":"Assessment of the radiation safety of the population of the Bryansk region districts contaminated after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant based on radiation risks calculation, considering risk uncertainties","authors":"A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, O. Vlasov, М.А. Maksioutov, V. Kashcheev, A. M. Korelo, K. Tumanov, N. V. Shchukina, E. Pryakhin, V. Ivanov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-15-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-15-28","url":null,"abstract":"The current recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are based on the classification of exposure situations as: planned, emergency and existing exposure situations. In planned situations, annual risk limits are set to limit human exposure. However, in emergency exposure situations or in existing exposure situations, permanent (annual) source control is not always possible, so the radiation protection strategy by monitoring the individual annual risk limit cannot always be practically implemented either. The purpose of this work is to assess the radiation safety of the population currently residing (at the beginning of 2022) in six districts of the Bryansk region: contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident: in Gordeevsky, Zlynkovsky, Klimovsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky and Novozybkovsky districts. Assessment of the current state of radiation safety of the population is based on calculations of the radiation detriment from chronic exposure due to living in contaminated areas, considering uncertainties of the reconstructed exposure doses and the parameters of mathematical risk models for the population. Radiation damage is calculated according to the modern ICRP methodology. Based on the general principle of conservative assessment of safety, the calculated upper 95% confidence limits (95% CL) of radiation detriment are compared with the corresponding lifetime radiation detriment limit, 3.510-3, determined by the Russian radiation safety standards (NRB-99/2009) under normal exposure conditions for the nominal period 70 years of life for the public. The radiation safety of the population of the Klimovsky district corresponds to the normal conditions of exposure from technogenic sources of ionizing radiation. Among the population of the remaining five contaminated districts of the Bryansk region, critical groups have been identified, the radiation detriment for which exceeds the limit 3.510-3 for normal conditions of public exposure in planned situations. The results of this work can be used in the preparation of recommendations for health authorities to improve medical monitoring of exposed citizens living in territories contaminated with radionuclides, as well as in the development of regulatory documents for the provision of targeted medical care to people from high radiation risk groups with the use of personalized medicine methods.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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