Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-49-63
A. V. Matveev
This paper discusses the features of modeling and calculating the pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics of osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals based on a compartment model of their transport in the human body with bone metastases. A software package for pharmacokinetic modeling and dosimetric planning of palliative radionuclide therapy of bone metastases using clinical radiometric data has been developed and tested. Within the framework of the four-compartment model, a method for determining absorbed doses in critical organs and tissues through their masses and through S-factors is proposed. Three approaches to the appointment of the activity of a radiopharmaceutical and the features of individual dosimetric planning of radio-nuclide therapy of bone metastases are considered and analyzed. For 10 patients with bone metastases, individual kinetic parameters of transport (transport constants of the model) of the radi-opharmaceutical "Sm-153-oxabifor" were identified during its intravenous intake into the body and calculations of absorbed doses in bone tissues and metastases, the circulatory system, kidneys and bladder were performed, taking into account its periodic emptying. It is shown that when the standard and specific activities of Sm-153-oxabifor are introduced into the patient's body (the first and second approaches), the absorbed doses in 10 patients differ by 5-6 times, while cases of under- or over-irradiation of bone tissues with metastases are detected, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy or adversely affect the patient's condition later. The individual injectable activity of Sm-153-oxabifor calculated within the framework of the third approach for 10 patients varies widely from 19 to 165 mCi, while there are no cases of under- or over-irradiation of bone tissues. The dose loads on the circulatory system, kidneys and bladder for all patients are tolerant and do not exceed the maximum permissible values.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic modeling and dosimetric planning of radionuclide therapy of bone metastases","authors":"A. V. Matveev","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-49-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-49-63","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the features of modeling and calculating the pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics of osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals based on a compartment model of their transport in the human body with bone metastases. A software package for pharmacokinetic modeling and dosimetric planning of palliative radionuclide therapy of bone metastases using clinical radiometric data has been developed and tested. Within the framework of the four-compartment model, a method for determining absorbed doses in critical organs and tissues through their masses and through S-factors is proposed. Three approaches to the appointment of the activity of a radiopharmaceutical and the features of individual dosimetric planning of radio-nuclide therapy of bone metastases are considered and analyzed. For 10 patients with bone metastases, individual kinetic parameters of transport (transport constants of the model) of the radi-opharmaceutical \"Sm-153-oxabifor\" were identified during its intravenous intake into the body and calculations of absorbed doses in bone tissues and metastases, the circulatory system, kidneys and bladder were performed, taking into account its periodic emptying. It is shown that when the standard and specific activities of Sm-153-oxabifor are introduced into the patient's body (the first and second approaches), the absorbed doses in 10 patients differ by 5-6 times, while cases of under- or over-irradiation of bone tissues with metastases are detected, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy or adversely affect the patient's condition later. The individual injectable activity of Sm-153-oxabifor calculated within the framework of the third approach for 10 patients varies widely from 19 to 165 mCi, while there are no cases of under- or over-irradiation of bone tissues. The dose loads on the circulatory system, kidneys and bladder for all patients are tolerant and do not exceed the maximum permissible values.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73284145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-93-104
I. Kogarko, A. Akleev, V. Petushkova, Е.А. Neyfakh, B. Kogarko, O. V. Ktitorova, I. Ganeev, N. S. Kuzmina, E. Selivanova
Most studies of radioadaptive response (RAR) in vivo have revealed its effective induction both by chronic and single irradiation of a human organism with low doses. The classical way of the for-mation of RAR on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was noted as in occupationally irradiated personnel as in residents of areas with increased natural or man-made accidental high background radiation. In some studies, the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and children liv-ing in the Chernobyl pollution zone showed the phenomenon of increasing the radiosensitivity of PBL. A comparative analysis of the influence of two types of radiation (gamma and betta) with close RBE showed comparable effectiveness to induce an adaptive response in human PBL in the mode of chronic exposure in the long term. Evidence of RAR in vivo was also obtained in the study of DNA end-points and chromosomal damage. In an experiment with the effect on neutrophils of peripheral blood of the elderly people (age 63-84 years) induced by acute gamma-rays in a wide range of doses (0.1; 0.25; 1; 4 and 10 Gy) the greatest radioresistance of their phagocytic and lysosomal activity is shown. Gamma-rays at low doses (0.1 Gy) stimulated the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils in vitro using activated pyrogen (Pyrogernalum). The article presents some mechanisms of RAR in vivo. The study of radioadaptive response should be considered as an indispensable factor for assessing and controlling individual human radiosensitivity.
{"title":"Adaptive response as a criterion for assessing individual human radiosensitivity. Review","authors":"I. Kogarko, A. Akleev, V. Petushkova, Е.А. Neyfakh, B. Kogarko, O. V. Ktitorova, I. Ganeev, N. S. Kuzmina, E. Selivanova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-93-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-93-104","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies of radioadaptive response (RAR) in vivo have revealed its effective induction both by chronic and single irradiation of a human organism with low doses. The classical way of the for-mation of RAR on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was noted as in occupationally irradiated personnel as in residents of areas with increased natural or man-made accidental high background radiation. In some studies, the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and children liv-ing in the Chernobyl pollution zone showed the phenomenon of increasing the radiosensitivity of PBL. A comparative analysis of the influence of two types of radiation (gamma and betta) with close RBE showed comparable effectiveness to induce an adaptive response in human PBL in the mode of chronic exposure in the long term. Evidence of RAR in vivo was also obtained in the study of DNA end-points and chromosomal damage. In an experiment with the effect on neutrophils of peripheral blood of the elderly people (age 63-84 years) induced by acute gamma-rays in a wide range of doses (0.1; 0.25; 1; 4 and 10 Gy) the greatest radioresistance of their phagocytic and lysosomal activity is shown. Gamma-rays at low doses (0.1 Gy) stimulated the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils in vitro using activated pyrogen (Pyrogernalum). The article presents some mechanisms of RAR in vivo. The study of radioadaptive response should be considered as an indispensable factor for assessing and controlling individual human radiosensitivity.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87806525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-53-63
A. Gorski, S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, N. V. Shchukina, E. Kochergina, N. S. Zelenskaya, O. E. Lashkova
A bias in radiation risk estimates may be caused by diagnostic errors. In this paper radiation risk estimates are examined with the use of the contingency table 2х2 of irradiated cancer cases with account of sensitivity and specificity indicators of diagnostic methods accuracy were examined. Radiation risk is estimated by metrics of the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk ratio (RR). It is shown that the estimation of radiation risk in the RR metric did not depend on the diagnostic sensitivity indicator, and therefore is preferable, compared to the OR metric. When the specificity of the diagno-sis is reduced, the RR value increases, compared to the risk estimated with the use of observed number of cancer cases regardless of the specificity. As a numerical example, data on trachea, bronchus and lung cancers in a cohort of the Chernobyl cleanup workers of Russia formed by using data monitored within frames of the National Radiation Epidemiological Register (NRER) from 1992 to 2020. During this period, 2,222 cancer cases were reported in the cohort of 67,587 people. The cohort members were divided into two groups, those who were unexposed to radiation (radia-tion doses less than 0.1 Gy) and other, exposed to radiation. If the specificity indicator is taken to be 100%, then the RR=1.07 at 95% CI (1.02; 1.13). The estimates of radiation risks of malignant neoplasms obtained directly from the observed number of cancer cases in exposed and unexposed groups of people, excluding the specificity and sensitivity indicators of diagnosis accuracy, are the lower estimates of radiation risk. As the probability of diagnostic errors increases (as the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests decrease), and when these errors are taken into account, the es-timates of radiation risks increase. If the specificity is reduced to 98.7% CI radiation risk estimates for trachea, bronchus and lung cancer among cleanup workers of the Chernobyl accident increase to RR=1.13, but it is within 95% CI of the RR estimate if specificity is 100%. The radiation risk as-sessment approach used in the study, based on the comparison of exposed and unexposed groups of cleanup workers in OR or RR metrics, imposes high requirements to the specificity indicator of the complex of diagnostic methods in trachea, bronchus and lung (Sp>98.7%) in order to obtain unbiased estimates of radiation risks of cancer in the cleanup workers received dose below 1 Sv. These requirements are not supported by current screening methods, they can be fulfilled as a result of longterm medical monitoring within the system of the NRER.
辐射风险估计的偏差可能是由诊断错误引起的。本文利用列联表2х2对辐照癌症病例的辐射风险估计进行了检查，并考虑了诊断方法的敏感性和特异性指标的准确性。辐射风险是通过比值比(OR)和相对风险比(RR)来估计的。结果表明，RR指标对辐射风险的估计不依赖于诊断敏感性指标，因此与OR指标相比更可取。当诊断的特异性降低时，与使用观察到的癌症病例数(无论特异性如何)估计的风险相比，RR值增加。作为一个数值例子，通过使用1992年至2020年在国家辐射流行病学登记册(NRER)框架内监测的数据形成了俄罗斯切尔诺贝利清理工人队列中的气管、支气管和肺癌数据。在此期间，67,587人的队列中报告了2,222例癌症病例。研究对象被分为两组，一组未暴露于辐射(辐射剂量小于0.1 Gy)，另一组暴露于辐射。如果取特异性指标为100%，则95% CI (1.02;1.13)。从观察到的受照射人群和未受照射人群的癌症病例数直接得出的恶性肿瘤辐射风险估计值，排除诊断准确性的特异性和敏感性指标，是较低的辐射风险估计值。由于诊断错误的可能性增加(诊断试验的特异性和敏感性降低)，并且考虑到这些错误时，辐射风险的es-估计值增加。当特异性降低到98.7% CI时，切尔诺贝利事故清理工人的气管、支气管和肺癌的辐射风险估计增加到RR=1.13，但如果特异性为100%，则在RR估计的95% CI范围内。本研究采用的辐射风险评估方法是基于对清洁工人暴露组和未暴露组的OR或RR指标的比较，为了获得剂量低于1 Sv的清洁工人癌症辐射风险的无偏估计，对气管、支气管和肺部诊断方法复合物的特异性指标(Sp>98.7%)提出了很高的要求。目前的筛查方法不支持这些要求，但可以通过NRER系统内的长期医疗监测来满足这些要求。
{"title":"Method for assessing the radiation risks of the solid cancer incidence accounting for possible diagnostic errors","authors":"A. Gorski, S. Chekin, M. Maksioutov, N. V. Shchukina, E. Kochergina, N. S. Zelenskaya, O. E. Lashkova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-53-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-53-63","url":null,"abstract":"A bias in radiation risk estimates may be caused by diagnostic errors. In this paper radiation risk estimates are examined with the use of the contingency table 2х2 of irradiated cancer cases with account of sensitivity and specificity indicators of diagnostic methods accuracy were examined. Radiation risk is estimated by metrics of the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk ratio (RR). It is shown that the estimation of radiation risk in the RR metric did not depend on the diagnostic sensitivity indicator, and therefore is preferable, compared to the OR metric. When the specificity of the diagno-sis is reduced, the RR value increases, compared to the risk estimated with the use of observed number of cancer cases regardless of the specificity. As a numerical example, data on trachea, bronchus and lung cancers in a cohort of the Chernobyl cleanup workers of Russia formed by using data monitored within frames of the National Radiation Epidemiological Register (NRER) from 1992 to 2020. During this period, 2,222 cancer cases were reported in the cohort of 67,587 people. The cohort members were divided into two groups, those who were unexposed to radiation (radia-tion doses less than 0.1 Gy) and other, exposed to radiation. If the specificity indicator is taken to be 100%, then the RR=1.07 at 95% CI (1.02; 1.13). The estimates of radiation risks of malignant neoplasms obtained directly from the observed number of cancer cases in exposed and unexposed groups of people, excluding the specificity and sensitivity indicators of diagnosis accuracy, are the lower estimates of radiation risk. As the probability of diagnostic errors increases (as the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests decrease), and when these errors are taken into account, the es-timates of radiation risks increase. If the specificity is reduced to 98.7% CI radiation risk estimates for trachea, bronchus and lung cancer among cleanup workers of the Chernobyl accident increase to RR=1.13, but it is within 95% CI of the RR estimate if specificity is 100%. The radiation risk as-sessment approach used in the study, based on the comparison of exposed and unexposed groups of cleanup workers in OR or RR metrics, imposes high requirements to the specificity indicator of the complex of diagnostic methods in trachea, bronchus and lung (Sp>98.7%) in order to obtain unbiased estimates of radiation risks of cancer in the cleanup workers received dose below 1 Sv. These requirements are not supported by current screening methods, they can be fulfilled as a result of longterm medical monitoring within the system of the NRER.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84481591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-13-25
V. V. Kashcheev, E. Pryakhin, A. Menyajlo, M.S. Panin
This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the assessment of radiation risks of medical diagnostic exposure of patients using a method based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the method presented in the methodological recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor (MR 2.6.1.0215-20). In the course of the study, the authors analyzed the results of calculations of the lifetime attributable risk of oncological mortality calculated by these methods. As an example, the procedure of a single passage of computed tomography of the chest organs without contrast was considered. In the first case, the risk value was calculated using the methodology of ICRP Publication 103 based on organ doses for the following ages of men and women: examination at 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52, 57, 62, 67, 72, 77, 82 and at 87 years old. In the second case, the data given in the tables presented in the methodological recommendations were considered, but without considering hereditary effects. The analysis was carried out for two cases: when the difference between effective doses between computed tomography procedures did not exceed 30%, and when the difference was more than 30%. The authors of the work found that the difference in the risk assessment between the two methods exceeds 1.5 times for the age groups of 65 years and older, for men and women, if the effective doses are close. If the difference in dose between the two procedures was more than 30%, then a 1.5-fold difference in risks was observed in age groups 60 years and older. Risk assessment was performed with account of age and gender characteristics, as well as with the use of medical and demographic data of the Russian population.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the assessment radiation risks of medical diagnostic exposure of patients based on the method of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and methodological recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor","authors":"V. V. Kashcheev, E. Pryakhin, A. Menyajlo, M.S. Panin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-13-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-13-25","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the assessment of radiation risks of medical diagnostic exposure of patients using a method based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the method presented in the methodological recommendations of Rospotrebnadzor (MR 2.6.1.0215-20). In the course of the study, the authors analyzed the results of calculations of the lifetime attributable risk of oncological mortality calculated by these methods. As an example, the procedure of a single passage of computed tomography of the chest organs without contrast was considered. In the first case, the risk value was calculated using the methodology of ICRP Publication 103 based on organ doses for the following ages of men and women: examination at 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52, 57, 62, 67, 72, 77, 82 and at 87 years old. In the second case, the data given in the tables presented in the methodological recommendations were considered, but without considering hereditary effects. The analysis was carried out for two cases: when the difference between effective doses between computed tomography procedures did not exceed 30%, and when the difference was more than 30%. The authors of the work found that the difference in the risk assessment between the two methods exceeds 1.5 times for the age groups of 65 years and older, for men and women, if the effective doses are close. If the difference in dose between the two procedures was more than 30%, then a 1.5-fold difference in risks was observed in age groups 60 years and older. Risk assessment was performed with account of age and gender characteristics, as well as with the use of medical and demographic data of the Russian population.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83471821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-57-76
A. Nikitin, I. A. Cheshyk, S. Kalinichenko, O. Shurankova
The main objectives for semi-mechanistic models enhancement are justified in the article. The "soil-plant" chain is an essential part of radioisotopes flows from nuclear accident depositions to human beings. Therefore a model which describes this system should be integrated into decision support systems for liquidation consequences of accidents with releasing radioisotopes into the environment, evaluation effectiveness of measures for radiation protection, and designing hazardous radiation facilities. Such a model must show rather exact forecast results, flexibility and wide application area convenience for practical use, and other properties. Presented now models of radionuclides behavior in "soil-plant" system divided on empiric, mechanistic, and semi-mechanistic. The empirical ones do not take into account the basic mechanisms of changes in the biological availability of radionuclides and their absorption by plants, and require constant updating and refinement of the transition parameters. Mechanistic models are of little use in real life. The last ones best meet the requirements noted above. However, substantial efforts are needed for improving their accuracy, usability, and generalization. This requires integration into data models from existing and planned sensor systems; consideration of additional factors influ-encing the transfer of radionuclides to plants; increasing the level of generalization of models with adjustment to local conditions; the use of machine learning methods to integrate information accumulated in related fields into the model; coverage of more radioactive isotopes; adding an uncertainty estimate to the simulation result; integration of models of radionuclide behavior into geoinformation systems; maintaining a sufficient level of interpretability and visibility of modeling results.
{"title":"Models of radionuclides behavior in \"soil-plant\" chain for decision support systems","authors":"A. Nikitin, I. A. Cheshyk, S. Kalinichenko, O. Shurankova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-57-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-57-76","url":null,"abstract":"The main objectives for semi-mechanistic models enhancement are justified in the article. The \"soil-plant\" chain is an essential part of radioisotopes flows from nuclear accident depositions to human beings. Therefore a model which describes this system should be integrated into decision support systems for liquidation consequences of accidents with releasing radioisotopes into the environment, evaluation effectiveness of measures for radiation protection, and designing hazardous radiation facilities. Such a model must show rather exact forecast results, flexibility and wide application area convenience for practical use, and other properties. Presented now models of radionuclides behavior in \"soil-plant\" system divided on empiric, mechanistic, and semi-mechanistic. The empirical ones do not take into account the basic mechanisms of changes in the biological availability of radionuclides and their absorption by plants, and require constant updating and refinement of the transition parameters. Mechanistic models are of little use in real life. The last ones best meet the requirements noted above. However, substantial efforts are needed for improving their accuracy, usability, and generalization. This requires integration into data models from existing and planned sensor systems; consideration of additional factors influ-encing the transfer of radionuclides to plants; increasing the level of generalization of models with adjustment to local conditions; the use of machine learning methods to integrate information accumulated in related fields into the model; coverage of more radioactive isotopes; adding an uncertainty estimate to the simulation result; integration of models of radionuclide behavior into geoinformation systems; maintaining a sufficient level of interpretability and visibility of modeling results.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74368688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-37-47
V. Sarukhanov, A. Shesterikov, M. Pomyasova, V. A. Kharlamov, I. Polyakova, E. Karpenko
Ensuring food safety is an urgent health concern, especially for immunocompromised consum-ers. Foodborne infections are caused by the consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. This can complicate the combined treatment of cancer and contribute to the clinical manifestation of foodborne infections, especially listeriosis, erysipeloid, and brucellosis. One of the most effective ways to ensure the microbiological safety of food products is the use of radiation treatment. To systematize the literary sources necessary to determine the optimal parameters for the irradiation of different types of food products, it is necessary to create a database. For this, 235 literary sources were selected and analyzed, and the structure of the database was developed. The designed database makes it possible to efficiently query data for the selection of the optimal parameters for antimicrobial treatment of food prod-ucts with ionizing radiation in order to preserve the health of consumers. Also, the database will be a tool for determining the minimum doses required to ensure the basic quality indicators for various types of food products. Analysis of the database showed that radiation treatment in doses of inactivating pathogens of listeriosis, erysipeloid, brucellosis does not reduce the quality of food products and semi-finished products of animal origin. Therefore, such processing is the most optimal way to provide people with immune deficiencies with safe and high-quality food and also allows you to diversify the diet.
{"title":"Systematization of experimental research results and creation of a database \"Radiation processing of agricultural raw materials and food products\"","authors":"V. Sarukhanov, A. Shesterikov, M. Pomyasova, V. A. Kharlamov, I. Polyakova, E. Karpenko","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-37-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-37-47","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring food safety is an urgent health concern, especially for immunocompromised consum-ers. Foodborne infections are caused by the consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. This can complicate the combined treatment of cancer and contribute to the clinical manifestation of foodborne infections, especially listeriosis, erysipeloid, and brucellosis. One of the most effective ways to ensure the microbiological safety of food products is the use of radiation treatment. To systematize the literary sources necessary to determine the optimal parameters for the irradiation of different types of food products, it is necessary to create a database. For this, 235 literary sources were selected and analyzed, and the structure of the database was developed. The designed database makes it possible to efficiently query data for the selection of the optimal parameters for antimicrobial treatment of food prod-ucts with ionizing radiation in order to preserve the health of consumers. Also, the database will be a tool for determining the minimum doses required to ensure the basic quality indicators for various types of food products. Analysis of the database showed that radiation treatment in doses of inactivating pathogens of listeriosis, erysipeloid, brucellosis does not reduce the quality of food products and semi-finished products of animal origin. Therefore, such processing is the most optimal way to provide people with immune deficiencies with safe and high-quality food and also allows you to diversify the diet.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75664834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-136-149
Ksenia Medvedeva, A. Baulin, O. Lepilina, K. M. Kvashnin, S. Ilyalov
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of two-stage stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife for treatment of brain metastases. Staging was applied to patients with large metastases, as well as to metastases located near critical structures. In a group of 31 patients, treatment was carried out in 2 stages with 2-4 weeks interval. The mean tumor volume at the time of the first radiosurgery was 10.4 cm3 (0.52 to 19.07; 95% CI: 8.2-12 cm3). The marginal dose at the first and second stages of radiosurgery ranged from 12 to 14.4 Gy, respectively. Median fol-low-up time was 169 days. Overall survival rate, local control, the incidence of complications, as well as changes in functional status were evaluated. Decrease in volume of tumors between irra-diation sessions averaged 36.2%. Overall survival at 3, 6, 12 months was 70, 57.7 and 52%, re-spectively. Local control after 3, 6, 12 months was 92, 87 and 66%, respectively. Radionecrosis was found out in 2 patients. Increase of Carnovsky index in study group after treatment was by an average of 10 points (p=0.007). Thus, two-stage trained stereotactic radiosurgery can be a safe and effective alternative to surgical treatment of brain metastases without worsening the neuro-logical status of patients.
{"title":"Two-stage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases","authors":"Ksenia Medvedeva, A. Baulin, O. Lepilina, K. M. Kvashnin, S. Ilyalov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-136-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-136-149","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of two-stage stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife for treatment of brain metastases. Staging was applied to patients with large metastases, as well as to metastases located near critical structures. In a group of 31 patients, treatment was carried out in 2 stages with 2-4 weeks interval. The mean tumor volume at the time of the first radiosurgery was 10.4 cm3 (0.52 to 19.07; 95% CI: 8.2-12 cm3). The marginal dose at the first and second stages of radiosurgery ranged from 12 to 14.4 Gy, respectively. Median fol-low-up time was 169 days. Overall survival rate, local control, the incidence of complications, as well as changes in functional status were evaluated. Decrease in volume of tumors between irra-diation sessions averaged 36.2%. Overall survival at 3, 6, 12 months was 70, 57.7 and 52%, re-spectively. Local control after 3, 6, 12 months was 92, 87 and 66%, respectively. Radionecrosis was found out in 2 patients. Increase of Carnovsky index in study group after treatment was by an average of 10 points (p=0.007). Thus, two-stage trained stereotactic radiosurgery can be a safe and effective alternative to surgical treatment of brain metastases without worsening the neuro-logical status of patients.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77225416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-34-52
O. Vlasov, G. Bruk, I. Zvonova, N. V. Shchukina
The paper presents the results estimation of uncertainties in doses to the thyroid, from external and internal exposure to radiation following the Chernobyl accident. For the estimation the data-base of radiometry activities of Cs-134+137 in the body and I-131 to the thyroid in 1986 for 28,311 residents of Kaluga region and 16,470 residents of Bryansk region. Whole body radiation spectrome-try measurements made for 167,325 residents of Bryansk region from 1990 through 1994 were used. The computational model for reassessment of I-131 activities into individual exposure doses is an analytical relationship that describes the relative dynamics of radionuclide activities in a chain consisting “vegetation”, “milk”, “thyroid” and “inside the human body”, that is the chain of successive single-chamber models with time-constant transition rates between chambers and depending on the age of a person after single deposition of radionuclides on vegetation. The dy-namics of specific activities of I-131, Cs-134+137 in the vegetation chamber is calculated according to the agroclimatic model, with account of the dynamics of precipitation, the growth of forage and food vegetation biomass according to the data of the annual variation of average daily air tem-peratures in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The official methodology was used to calculate external exposure doses and reassess whole body radiation spectrometry measurements into in-ternal exposure doses. Based on the results of the studies, uncertainty estimates were obtained in terms of standard geometric deviations in the year of the accident – for individual, average in populated areas and integral dose estimates: (minimum/average/maximum) doses of internal thyroid and whole body exposure, respectively (1.1/2,0/3.0), (1.2/1.5/2.3) and (1.3/2.9/3.3); for doses since 1987, respectively (1.2/1.9/4.0), (1.2/1.9/2.1) and (1.4/5.2/8.2). The uncertainty of the calculation model for internal doses since 1987 is estimated at 2.1 times; the uncertainties estimated from the data of individual dosimetry of external and internal exposure of the population with the allocation of critical groups are equal to 1.5 and (1.9-2.2) times, respectively.
{"title":"Estimating uncertainties in external and internal radiation doses in people resided in contaminated regions of Russia after the Chernobyl accident with the use of instrumental data","authors":"O. Vlasov, G. Bruk, I. Zvonova, N. V. Shchukina","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-34-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-34-52","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results estimation of uncertainties in doses to the thyroid, from external and internal exposure to radiation following the Chernobyl accident. For the estimation the data-base of radiometry activities of Cs-134+137 in the body and I-131 to the thyroid in 1986 for 28,311 residents of Kaluga region and 16,470 residents of Bryansk region. Whole body radiation spectrome-try measurements made for 167,325 residents of Bryansk region from 1990 through 1994 were used. The computational model for reassessment of I-131 activities into individual exposure doses is an analytical relationship that describes the relative dynamics of radionuclide activities in a chain consisting “vegetation”, “milk”, “thyroid” and “inside the human body”, that is the chain of successive single-chamber models with time-constant transition rates between chambers and depending on the age of a person after single deposition of radionuclides on vegetation. The dy-namics of specific activities of I-131, Cs-134+137 in the vegetation chamber is calculated according to the agroclimatic model, with account of the dynamics of precipitation, the growth of forage and food vegetation biomass according to the data of the annual variation of average daily air tem-peratures in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The official methodology was used to calculate external exposure doses and reassess whole body radiation spectrometry measurements into in-ternal exposure doses. Based on the results of the studies, uncertainty estimates were obtained in terms of standard geometric deviations in the year of the accident – for individual, average in populated areas and integral dose estimates: (minimum/average/maximum) doses of internal thyroid and whole body exposure, respectively (1.1/2,0/3.0), (1.2/1.5/2.3) and (1.3/2.9/3.3); for doses since 1987, respectively (1.2/1.9/4.0), (1.2/1.9/2.1) and (1.4/5.2/8.2). The uncertainty of the calculation model for internal doses since 1987 is estimated at 2.1 times; the uncertainties estimated from the data of individual dosimetry of external and internal exposure of the population with the allocation of critical groups are equal to 1.5 and (1.9-2.2) times, respectively.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81334052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-94-106
Ye.N. Polivkina, T. S. Ponomaryova, A. T. Mendubaev, R. Kenzhebaev, L.A. Nemytova, A. Ivanova, L. Kenzhina, A. Panitskiy
The paper presents the study of Cs-137 and Sr-90 transfer from soils of the former technical sites of the Semipalatinsk test site to the salad culture (Lactuca sativa L.) as an example of the leaf vege-table. The factors affecting the transfer of the radionuclides from soils with a different character of radioactive contamination to the salad culture were identified under the model vegetation ex-periment conditions. The variation ranges of Cs-137 and Sr-90 transfer factors values were 2 and 1 orders of magnitude respectively. With the use of the private correlation method, it was found that the content of biologically available forms of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the soils of the former Semipala-tinsk test site, and, consequently, accumulation of these radionuclides by the salad, depended on their nonisotopic analogs K and Ca concentration in the soil, respectively (rxy–z=-0.81; n=4, p<0.2 – for Cs-137 and gross K; rxy-z=-0.64; n=4, p<0.2 – for Sr-90). There was a moderate positive relationship between the value of Cs-137 transfer factor and physical clay content (fraction >0.01%) in the soil (ρ=0.47; n=12, p<0.05), the relationship between value of Sr-90 transfer factor and the physical clay content was weak negative (ρ=-0.3; n=11, p<0.05). The migration of Cs-137 and Sr-90 to the salad culture from the radioactively contaminated soils of the Semipalatinsk test site mainly depended on biologically available forms content of radionuclides and their non-isotopic analogs K and Ca speciation, respectively. The impact of physical clay on the accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 by the salad culture was less pronounced, it could be due to the specific conditions for radioactive contamination of the soil surface in the territory of the former technical sites of the Semipalatinsk test site.
{"title":"Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 by lettuce culture (Lactuca sativa L.) from radioactively contaminated soils of the former Semipalatinsk test site","authors":"Ye.N. Polivkina, T. S. Ponomaryova, A. T. Mendubaev, R. Kenzhebaev, L.A. Nemytova, A. Ivanova, L. Kenzhina, A. Panitskiy","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-94-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-4-94-106","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the study of Cs-137 and Sr-90 transfer from soils of the former technical sites of the Semipalatinsk test site to the salad culture (Lactuca sativa L.) as an example of the leaf vege-table. The factors affecting the transfer of the radionuclides from soils with a different character of radioactive contamination to the salad culture were identified under the model vegetation ex-periment conditions. The variation ranges of Cs-137 and Sr-90 transfer factors values were 2 and 1 orders of magnitude respectively. With the use of the private correlation method, it was found that the content of biologically available forms of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the soils of the former Semipala-tinsk test site, and, consequently, accumulation of these radionuclides by the salad, depended on their nonisotopic analogs K and Ca concentration in the soil, respectively (rxy–z=-0.81; n=4, p<0.2 – for Cs-137 and gross K; rxy-z=-0.64; n=4, p<0.2 – for Sr-90). There was a moderate positive relationship between the value of Cs-137 transfer factor and physical clay content (fraction >0.01%) in the soil (ρ=0.47; n=12, p<0.05), the relationship between value of Sr-90 transfer factor and the physical clay content was weak negative (ρ=-0.3; n=11, p<0.05). The migration of Cs-137 and Sr-90 to the salad culture from the radioactively contaminated soils of the Semipalatinsk test site mainly depended on biologically available forms content of radionuclides and their non-isotopic analogs K and Ca speciation, respectively. The impact of physical clay on the accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 by the salad culture was less pronounced, it could be due to the specific conditions for radioactive contamination of the soil surface in the territory of the former technical sites of the Semipalatinsk test site.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84604696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-48-61
T. Sazykina, A. Kryshev
A new analytical method, previously developed for estimating beta absorbed fractions, was ex-tended for analytical estimating photon absorbed fractions in soft-tissue bodies from internal uni-formly distributed gamma emitters. The method involves a rescaling procedure with transfor-mation of real biological sizes to unitless effective ones combining information of both photon energy and object’s size. The rescaling was applied to large published datasets of photon ab-sorbed fractions in soft-tissue spheres. A new effect was demonstrated: the rescaled data were united into a single smooth “universal curve” with saturation. The universal curve for photon ab-sorbed fractions was described analytically as a function of a single argument – a rescaled effec-tive radius. Practical applicability of the approach for non-spherical convex bodies (ellipsoids) was demonstrated. Examples of analytical estimating the internal dose coefficients for repre-sentative terrestrial animals were calculated. The new method now available for electron and photon internal dosimetry, provides an effective analytical tool for calculating radiation absorbed fractions in organs and bodies of soft-tissue organisms.
{"title":"Development and testing a model of energy absorption in biological objects from incorporated photon emitters","authors":"T. Sazykina, A. Kryshev","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-48-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-48-61","url":null,"abstract":"A new analytical method, previously developed for estimating beta absorbed fractions, was ex-tended for analytical estimating photon absorbed fractions in soft-tissue bodies from internal uni-formly distributed gamma emitters. The method involves a rescaling procedure with transfor-mation of real biological sizes to unitless effective ones combining information of both photon energy and object’s size. The rescaling was applied to large published datasets of photon ab-sorbed fractions in soft-tissue spheres. A new effect was demonstrated: the rescaled data were united into a single smooth “universal curve” with saturation. The universal curve for photon ab-sorbed fractions was described analytically as a function of a single argument – a rescaled effec-tive radius. Practical applicability of the approach for non-spherical convex bodies (ellipsoids) was demonstrated. Examples of analytical estimating the internal dose coefficients for repre-sentative terrestrial animals were calculated. The new method now available for electron and photon internal dosimetry, provides an effective analytical tool for calculating radiation absorbed fractions in organs and bodies of soft-tissue organisms.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":"29 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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