Journal of Food Science and Technology最新文献

A simple method based on solid–liquid extraction with a low-temperature partition (SLE/LTP) and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was optimized and validated for determining residues of the pesticides triadimenol, flutriafol, λ-cyhalothrin, difenoconazole, and azoxystrobin in oat flour. A factorial design was employed to optimize the technique and establish the best conditions for the simultaneous extraction of the analytes. Acetonitrile-sample extraction and its 4 h freezing made it possible to recover the pesticides and clean the extracts in a single step. The limit of detection ranged from 1.72 to 12.9 μg kg⁻¹, and the limit of quantification from 5.73 to 43.0 μg kg⁻¹. These values are below the maximum residue limit (MRL) permitted by National legislation. The recovery percentage fell between 91.7 and 108%, with coefficients of variation under 12%. The validated method was applied to oat flour samples randomly acquired from the local market of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil) and no residues were detected. The SLE/LTP–GC–MS method proved simple, efficient, selective, and sensitive for determining pesticide residues from oat flour samples, offering a more simplified approach compared to techniques described in the literature.

This investigation employed different ANN infrastructures for predicting the quality of sugarcane juice under varying microfluidization pressures (50–200 MPa) and cycles (1–7) which was previously unexplored. Two hidden layer (HL) activation functions (tansigmoid, logsigmoid) and learning algorithms (LM, GDX) with varying hidden layer neurons (HLNs) were tested to predict the color, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, chlorophyll content, total and reducing sugars, polyphenol oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, sucrose neutral invertase activity, aerobic plate count, yeast and mold count, particle size, sensory score and sedimentation rate of sugarcane juice under different microfluidization processing conditions. Results showed that the combination of LM + logsigmoid, GDX + logsigmoid and GDX + tansigmoid produced > 90% prediction accuracy. Among these models, GDX + tansigmoid exhibited 91.7% accuracy on training, and 96% accuracy on testing using relatively lower number of neurons (10 HLNs), and was therefore selected to predict the quality characteristics of sugarcane juice.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a tuber root crop with high economical potential and China is responsible for harvesting roughly 70% of the world production. It is relatively easy to cultivate and has high nutritional value, including fiber, vitamins, starch and sugars. Cooking the roots results in deep changes of the carbohydrate profile due to the presence of active endogenous amylases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of CaCl₂ mashing at different temperature-time conditions on the starch hydrolysis by endogenous amylases of sweet potato in order to suggest potential industrial applications. Three thermal treatments were performed with the aid of a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), which allowed programming temperature-time profiles. After the treatments, the sugar analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total starch content was measured in the insoluble residue from the hydrolysis and the hydrolysis efficiency was calculated. The results have demonstrated that the presence of CaCl₂ enhanced enzyme activity, resulting in higher sugar yields when compared to hydrolysis conducted without CaCl₂. The results from the present study are promising to the use of sweet potato to produce bioethanol, maltose syrup and vinegar.

Pink pepper essential oil was microencapsulated with chickpea protein (CP) and chickpea protein/pectin (CP-HMP) by spray drying. The reconstitution and storage properties of the powders were evaluated after drying. The impact of microencapsulation in the volatiles release, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of oil was evaluated during 135 days of storage. CP resulted in more soluble powders (93.52%), CP/HMP resulted in denser powders (0.39 g/mL) while wall material did not influence the wettability. Free pink pepper essential oil (FEO) showed a slight loss of the predominant terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, β-mircene, δ-3-carene and D-limonene) after encapsulation. In general, all samples showed an increase in the volatiles release during storage. The evaluation of mass loss showed that FEO had a high release of volatiles, followed by CP and CP-HMP. The antioxidant activity of the FEO decreased (10.8 μg Trolox/mg of oil) after 135 days of storage, whereas the antioxidant activity of CP (14.9) and CP-HMP (14) increased. Both microcapsules presented antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus during storage. CP microcapsules had a strong inhibitory effect against the strains tested, and this advantage was even more evident in long-term storage.

Formalin has been reported to be added to milk to prolong the shelf life of milk. The present study was conducted to develop and validate liquid-phase and paper-based strip methods for the rapid detection of formalin in milk using four different procedures i.e., A, B, C and D. Among all the procedures, procedure A worked successfully both in the liquid-phase and paper-based assays. The developed strip-based method involved the dipping of the strips in milk followed by visualization of change in colour. Formalin adulterated milk gave yellow colour to the strip, while for normal milk, it remained colourless. Limit of detection of developed strips was 0.05% with a response time of 7–8 min. Shelf life of the strips was a minimum of 6 months at both room (30–37 °C) and refrigeration (4 ℃) temperature. The strips can be used both at field as well as household levels for rapid detection of formalin presence in milk with greater sensitivity and hence can contribute in supplying authentic milk to the consumers.

Camelina sativa oil (CSO) and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil (SZSO) are functional oils that have beneficial effects on brain health. This study evaluated the sedative and hypnotic effects of vegetable oils with various n − 6/n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios and ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA) contents to mice. The n − 6/n − 3 PUFA ratios of CSO (CSO:SZSO = 1:0, 1.8 g/kg), SZSO (CSO:SZSO = 0:1, 1.8 g/kg), CSO-SZSO-L (CSO:SZSO = 1:1, 1.8 g/kg), and CSO-SZSO-H (CSO:SZSO = 1:1, 3.6 g/kg) were 0.51, 140, 1.69, and 1.69, respectively. The doses of ALA administered to mice with p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia were approximately 0.64, 50 × 10^–4, 0.32, and 0.64 g/kg, respectively. The mice were administered CSO, SZSO, and a low-dose combination of CSO and SZSO for seven days with no obvious hypnotic effects. However, the administration of a high-dose combination of CSO and SZSO significantly prolonged sleep duration in mice with induced insomnia and inhibited the serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol. Interestingly, there were no significant effects on the structure and function of the hippocampal tissue. The results indicated that the anti-insomnia effects of these vegetable oils were positively correlated with a low n − 6/n − 3 PUFA ratio and the absolute amount of ALA.

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) contains multiple bioactive substances and presents health benefits. In this study, a chrysanthemum extract (CE) was prepared by heat reflux extraction method and a functional yogurt was fabricated containing CE. According to the results of UPLC-MS/MS, 6 phenolic acids and 13 flavonoids were identified from CE compounds. The physicochemical and functional properties of yogurt during storage were investigated. In addition, rheology, microstructure and simulated digestion of yogurt on Day 1 were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the value of pH, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, the polyphenols stability in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion condition in the yogurt were enhanced. The syneresis, titratable acidity and the rate of protein hydrolysis in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion condition in the yogurt were reduced with CE addition. Moreover, the changes of protein network and sensory characteristics of yogurt were also occurred with addition of CE. These findings suggest that the integration of CE with yogurt is a promising way to improve the quality and storage ability of yogurt.

The objective of this review is to identify the bioactive compounds present in tropical fruits such as Tamarindus indica L., Annona muricata, Mangifera indica, and Psidium guajava and their biological activities. The identification of these compounds shows their potential as a food ingredient in the development of products, providing added value to them, because not only the pulp of the fruit is used, but also the shell and its other parts, such as the leaves, are used, being viable sources to obtain some compounds that benefit human health. Implementing fruits that have certain bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin), antioxidants (vitamins A and C), and phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid, citric acid) in the production process in the food industry, allows them to become functional foodstuffs. The results obtained show the need to implement the operational processes that allow obtaining different compounds, which ensure their stability and precision, applying different extraction methods such as maceration, Soxhlet, supercritical fluids, and ultrasound.

For the rapid and efficient determination of acrylamide in food products by HPLC-UV, an environmentally friendly analytical approach has been developed, including liquid-phase extraction and subsequent liquid–liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent. To automate the procedure, the flow-through “lab in a syringe” method was used. Acrylamide is considered a potential endocrine disrupting chemical and its main source is fried foods, which are widely consumed by both children and adults. To extract and concentrate acrylamide, hydrophobic deep-eutectic solvents based on various carboxylic acids and natural terpenoids were studied for the first time. It was found that benzoic acid, as a precursor of the extraction solvent, promotes the transfer of hydrophilic acrylamide from the aqueous phase of the sample due to the interaction of carboxyl and amide groups. The procedure has been validated and used effectively to estimate acrylamide content in beetroot and corn chips. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was 0.01 mg/kg. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method is fully automated, does not require hazardous organic solvents and additional derivatization stages, and at the same time allows the determination of acrylamide at a level below established standards.

Liver diseases emerge as a serious threat to humans worldwide due to increasing morbidity and mortality. Liver disease related deaths accounts for one third of all disease related death globally. A simple fatty liver if unattended advances further to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During liver fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cells gets activated into myofibroblast like cells and exhibit proliferative and fibrogenic features. Targeting these activated hepatic stellate cells offer promising therapeutic approach towards liver fibrosis management. To date there is no Food and Drug Administration approved treatments for liver fibrosis. However, a large number of clinical trials are being conducted employing monoclonal antibodies, drugs, dietary supplements and herbal medicines. A vast number of research findings demonstrated nutraceuticals to be effective against experimental liver fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Nutraceuticals typically regulate key signaling pathways in activated hepatic stellate cells and exhibit anti-fibrotic effect. In this review, the mechanistic action of nutraceuticals targeting activated hepatic stellate cells were summarized to establish them as a possible therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.