Niko Jokela, Jani Kastikainen, José Manuel Penín, Helime Ruotsalainen
We employ holography to investigate Liu-Mezei renormalization group monotones in conformal field theories influenced by massive flavor degrees of freedom. We examine the entanglement entropy of a spherical subregion in three holographic field theories — ( mathcal{N} ) = 1 Klebanov-Witten theory, ( mathcal{N} ) = 4 SYM theory, and ABJM theory — with fundamental flavor. The gravity dual of massive unquenched flavor is described by dynamical D-branes, and we solve their backreaction in the smeared approximation. We compute entanglement entropy using the Ryu-Takayanagi formula in these backreacted geometries. Our findings indicate that the Liu-Mezei A- and F-functions decrease monotonically to leading order in the number of flavors across all examples. Additionally, we calculate the leading flavor contribution to entanglement entropy using an alternative probe brane method that does not require knowledge of backreaction in the bulk geometries. These results consistently match with backreacted calculations in all cases, assuming omission of a specific IR boundary term stemming from a total derivative.
{"title":"Flavors of entanglement","authors":"Niko Jokela, Jani Kastikainen, José Manuel Penín, Helime Ruotsalainen","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We employ holography to investigate Liu-Mezei renormalization group monotones in conformal field theories influenced by massive flavor degrees of freedom. We examine the entanglement entropy of a spherical subregion in three holographic field theories — <span>( mathcal{N} )</span> = 1 Klebanov-Witten theory, <span>( mathcal{N} )</span> = 4 SYM theory, and ABJM theory — with fundamental flavor. The gravity dual of massive unquenched flavor is described by dynamical D-branes, and we solve their backreaction in the smeared approximation. We compute entanglement entropy using the Ryu-Takayanagi formula in these backreacted geometries. Our findings indicate that the Liu-Mezei A- and F-functions decrease monotonically to leading order in the number of flavors across all examples. Additionally, we calculate the leading flavor contribution to entanglement entropy using an alternative probe brane method that does not require knowledge of backreaction in the bulk geometries. These results consistently match with backreacted calculations in all cases, assuming omission of a specific IR boundary term stemming from a total derivative.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adwait Gaikwad, Amitay C. Kislev, Tom Levy, Yaron Oz
Higher dimensional Euclidean Liouville conformal field theories (LCFTs) consist of a log-correlated real scalar field with a background charge and an exponential potential. We analyse the LCFT on a four-dimensional manifold with a boundary. We extend to the boundary, the conformally covariant GJMS operator and the ( mathcal{Q} )-curvature term in the LCFT action and classify the conformal boundary conditions. Working on a flat space with plate boundary, we calculate the dimensions of the boundary conformal primary operators, the two- and three-point functions of the displacement operator and the boundary conformal anomaly coefficients.
{"title":"Boundary Liouville conformal field theory in four dimensions","authors":"Adwait Gaikwad, Amitay C. Kislev, Tom Levy, Yaron Oz","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Higher dimensional Euclidean Liouville conformal field theories (LCFTs) consist of a log-correlated real scalar field with a background charge and an exponential potential. We analyse the LCFT on a four-dimensional manifold with a boundary. We extend to the boundary, the conformally covariant GJMS operator and the <span>( mathcal{Q} )</span>-curvature term in the LCFT action and classify the conformal boundary conditions. Working on a flat space with plate boundary, we calculate the dimensions of the boundary conformal primary operators, the two- and three-point functions of the displacement operator and the boundary conformal anomaly coefficients.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce the Lorentzian path integral of nonlocal quantum gravity. After introducing the functional measure, the Faddeev-Popov sector and the field correlators, we move to perturbation theory and describe Efimov analytic continuation of scattering amplitudes to Euclidean momenta and back to Lorentzian. We show that the conformal instability problem in the Euclidean path integral is solved by suitable gauge choices at the perturbative level. The three examples of Einstein gravity, Stelle gravity and nonlocal quantum gravity are given.
{"title":"Path integral and conformal instability in nonlocal quantum gravity","authors":"Gianluca Calcagni, Leonardo Modesto","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce the Lorentzian path integral of nonlocal quantum gravity. After introducing the functional measure, the Faddeev-Popov sector and the field correlators, we move to perturbation theory and describe Efimov analytic continuation of scattering amplitudes to Euclidean momenta and back to Lorentzian. We show that the conformal instability problem in the Euclidean path integral is solved by suitable gauge choices at the perturbative level. The three examples of Einstein gravity, Stelle gravity and nonlocal quantum gravity are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the duality between the ABJ(M) theory at Chern-Simons level k = 4 and the orientifold ABJ theory at Chern-Simons level k = 1 by using the S3 partition function. The partition function can be computed using the supersymmetric localization in terms of a matrix model, and we derive an ideal Fermi gas system by applying the Fermi gas formalism to the matrix model. By using this formalism, we show that the matrix model can be embedded in the partition function of ( hat{A} )3 or ( hat{D} )3 quiver theories, and the equality of these quiver theories, which comes from ( hat{A} )3 = ( hat{D} )3, leads to exact relations of the matrix models. These exact relations can be used to check the identification of the flavor symmetries. The perfect agreement between the matrix models also implies that no decoupled sector is needed.
{"title":"Duality between U × U and O × USp theories from A3 = D3","authors":"Naotaka Kubo","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the duality between the ABJ(M) theory at Chern-Simons level <i>k</i> = 4 and the orientifold ABJ theory at Chern-Simons level <i>k</i> = 1 by using the <i>S</i><sup>3</sup> partition function. The partition function can be computed using the supersymmetric localization in terms of a matrix model, and we derive an ideal Fermi gas system by applying the Fermi gas formalism to the matrix model. By using this formalism, we show that the matrix model can be embedded in the partition function of <span>( hat{A} )</span><sub>3</sub> or <span>( hat{D} )</span><sub>3</sub> quiver theories, and the equality of these quiver theories, which comes from <span>( hat{A} )</span><sub>3</sub> = <span>( hat{D} )</span><sub>3</sub>, leads to exact relations of the matrix models. These exact relations can be used to check the identification of the flavor symmetries. The perfect agreement between the matrix models also implies that no decoupled sector is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the impact of small instanton effects on the axion mass in composite axion models. In particular, we focus on the Composite Accidental Axion (CAA) models, which are designed to address the axion quality problem, and where the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry emerges accidentally. In the CAA models, the QCD gauge symmetry is embedded in a larger gauge group at high energy. These models contain small instantons not included in low-energy QCD, which could enhance the axion mass significantly. However, in the CAA models, our analysis reveals that these effects on the axion mass are non-vanishing but are negligible compared to the QCD effects. The suppression of the small instanton effects originates from the global chiral U(1) symmetries which are not broken spontaneously and play a crucial role in eliminating θ-terms in the hidden sectors through anomalies. We find these U(1) symmetries restrict the impact of small instantons in hidden sectors on the axion mass. Our study provides crucial insights into the dynamics within the CAA models and suggests broader implications for understanding small instanton effects in other composite axion models.
{"title":"Small instanton effects on composite axion mass","authors":"Takafumi Aoki, Masahiro Ibe, Satoshi Shirai, Keiichi Watanabe","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the impact of small instanton effects on the axion mass in composite axion models. In particular, we focus on the Composite Accidental Axion (CAA) models, which are designed to address the axion quality problem, and where the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry emerges accidentally. In the CAA models, the QCD gauge symmetry is embedded in a larger gauge group at high energy. These models contain small instantons not included in low-energy QCD, which could enhance the axion mass significantly. However, in the CAA models, our analysis reveals that these effects on the axion mass are non-vanishing but are negligible compared to the QCD effects. The suppression of the small instanton effects originates from the global chiral U(1) symmetries which are not broken spontaneously and play a crucial role in eliminating <i>θ</i>-terms in the hidden sectors through anomalies. We find these U(1) symmetries restrict the impact of small instantons in hidden sectors on the axion mass. Our study provides crucial insights into the dynamics within the CAA models and suggests broader implications for understanding small instanton effects in other composite axion models.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a ( frac{1}{2} )-BPS solution for a D3 brane probe in AdS5× S5 that has world-volume geometry of AdS3× S1. It intersects the boundary over a surface that represents a dimension 2 defect in the boundary ( mathcal{N} ) = 4 SYM theory. The effective action of the probe brane is proportional to the logarithmically divergent volume of AdS3 and may thus be interpreted as computing conformal anomaly of supersymmetric S2 defect. The classical action scales as N. We compute the 1-loop correction to it due to quantum fluctuations of the D3 brane world-volume fields and compare the result to an earlier suggested expression for the defect anomaly. We also perform a similar analysis of a ( frac{1}{2} )-BPS M5 brane probe solution in AdS7× S4 with the world-volume geometry of AdS5× S1 that represents a dimension 4 defect in the boundary (2,0) 6d theory. Here the classical M5 brane action computes the leading order N2 term in a-anomaly of the supersymmetric S4 defect. We perform a detailed computation of the 1-loop correction to the M5 brane effective action and thus provide a prediction for the subleading constant in the S4 defect a-anomaly coefficient.
{"title":"On co-dimension 2 defect anomalies in $$ mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM and (2,0) theory via brane probes in AdS/CFT","authors":"Hongliang Jiang, Arkady A. Tseytlin","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider a <span>( frac{1}{2} )</span>-BPS solution for a D3 brane probe in AdS<sub>5</sub> <i>× S</i><sup>5</sup> that has world-volume geometry of AdS<sub>3</sub> <i>× S</i><sup>1</sup>. It intersects the boundary over a surface that represents a dimension 2 defect in the boundary <span>( mathcal{N} )</span> = 4 SYM theory. The effective action of the probe brane is proportional to the logarithmically divergent volume of AdS<sub>3</sub> and may thus be interpreted as computing conformal anomaly of supersymmetric <i>S</i><sup>2</sup> defect. The classical action scales as <i>N</i>. We compute the 1-loop correction to it due to quantum fluctuations of the D3 brane world-volume fields and compare the result to an earlier suggested expression for the defect anomaly. We also perform a similar analysis of a <span>( frac{1}{2} )</span>-BPS M5 brane probe solution in AdS<sub>7</sub> <i>× S</i><sup>4</sup> with the world-volume geometry of AdS<sub>5</sub> <i>× S</i><sup>1</sup> that represents a dimension 4 defect in the boundary (2,0) 6d theory. Here the classical M5 brane action computes the leading order <i>N</i><sup>2</sup> term in <i>a</i>-anomaly of the supersymmetric <i>S</i><sup>4</sup> defect. We perform a detailed computation of the 1-loop correction to the M5 brane effective action and thus provide a prediction for the subleading constant in the <i>S</i><sup>4</sup> defect <i>a</i>-anomaly coefficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torsten Weber, Jarod Tall, Fabian Haneder, Juan Diego Urbina, Klaus Richter
The duality of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and a double scaled matrix integral has led to studies of the canonical spectral form factor (SFF) in the so called τ−scaled limit of large times, t → ∞, and fixed temperature, in order to demonstrate agreement with universal random matrix theory (RMT). Though this has been established for the unitary case, extensions to other symmetry classes requires the inclusion of unorientable manifolds in the sum over geometries, necessary to address time reversal invariance, and regularization of the corresponding prime geometrical objects, the Weil-Petersson (WP) volumes. We report here how universal signatures of quantum chaos, witnessed by the fidelity to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, emerge for the low-energy limit of unorientable JT gravity, i.e. the unorientable Airy model/topological gravity. To this end, we implement the loop equations for the corresponding dual (double-scaled) matrix model and find the generic form of the unorientable Airy WP volumes, supported by calculations using unorientable Kontsevich graphs. In an apparent violation of the gravity/chaos duality, the τ−scaled SFF on the gravity side acquires both logarithmic and power law contributions in t, not manifestly present on the RMT side. We show the expressions can be made to agree by means of bootstrapping-like relations hidden in the asymptotic expansions of generalized hypergeometric functions. Thus, we are able to establish strong evidence of the quantum chaotic nature of unorientable topological gravity.
杰克维-特尔布依姆(JT)引力和双标度矩阵积分的对偶性导致了在大时间(t → ∞)和固定温度的所谓τ标度极限下对典型谱形式因子(SFF)的研究,以证明与通用随机矩阵理论(RMT)的一致性。虽然这已在单元情况下建立起来,但要扩展到其他对称类,就需要在几何总和中包含不可定向流形(解决时间反转不变性问题所必需),以及相应的质点几何对象--魏尔-彼得森(WP)卷--的正则化。我们在此报告量子混沌的普遍特征是如何在不可定向 JT 引力(即不可定向艾里模型/拓扑引力)的低能极限中出现的,这体现在对高斯正交集合的保真度上。为此,我们为相应的对偶(双尺度)矩阵模型实现了环方程,并通过使用不可定向康采维奇图的计算,找到了不可定向艾里 WP 量的一般形式。在明显违反引力/混沌二重性的情况下,引力侧的τ标度 SFF 在 t 中获得了对数和幂律贡献,而这在 RMT 侧并不明显。我们通过广义超几何函数渐近展开中隐藏的类似引导关系,证明了这些表达式是一致的。因此,我们能够有力地证明不可定向拓扑引力的量子混沌性质。
{"title":"Unorientable topological gravity and orthogonal random matrix universality","authors":"Torsten Weber, Jarod Tall, Fabian Haneder, Juan Diego Urbina, Klaus Richter","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The duality of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and a double scaled matrix integral has led to studies of the canonical spectral form factor (SFF) in the so called <i>τ</i>−scaled limit of large times, <i>t</i> → ∞, and fixed temperature, in order to demonstrate agreement with universal random matrix theory (RMT). Though this has been established for the unitary case, extensions to other symmetry classes requires the inclusion of unorientable manifolds in the sum over geometries, necessary to address time reversal invariance, and regularization of the corresponding prime geometrical objects, the Weil-Petersson (WP) volumes. We report here how universal signatures of quantum chaos, witnessed by the fidelity to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, emerge for the low-energy limit of unorientable JT gravity, i.e. the unorientable Airy model/topological gravity. To this end, we implement the loop equations for the corresponding dual (double-scaled) matrix model and find the generic form of the unorientable Airy WP volumes, supported by calculations using unorientable Kontsevich graphs. In an apparent violation of the gravity/chaos duality, the <i>τ</i>−scaled SFF on the gravity side acquires both logarithmic and power law contributions in <i>t</i>, not manifestly present on the RMT side. We show the expressions can be made to agree by means of bootstrapping-like relations hidden in the asymptotic expansions of generalized hypergeometric functions. Thus, we are able to establish strong evidence of the quantum chaotic nature of unorientable topological gravity.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse Held, Molly Kaplan, Donald Marolf, Jie-qiang Wu
Random tensor networks (RTNs) have proved to be fruitful tools for modelling the AdS/CFT correspondence. Due to their flat entanglement spectra, when discussing a given boundary region R and its complement ( overline{R} ), standard RTNs are most analogous to fixed-area states of the bulk quantum gravity theory, in which quantum fluctuations have been suppressed for the area of the corresponding HRT surface. However, such RTNs have flat entanglement spectra for all choices of R,( overline{R} ), while quantum fluctuations of multiple HRT-areas can be suppressed only when the corresponding HRT-area operators mutually commute. We probe the severity of such obstructions in pure AdS3 Einstein-Hilbert gravity by constructing networks whose links are codimension-2 extremal-surfaces and by explicitly computing semiclassical commutators of the associated link-areas. Since d = 3, codimension-2 extremal-surfaces are geodesics, and codimension-2 ‘areas’ are lengths. We find a simple 4-link network defined by an HRT surface and a Chen-Dong-Lewkowycz-Qi constrained HRT surface for which all link-areas commute. However, the algebra generated by the link-areas of more general networks tends to be non-Abelian. One such non-Abelian example is associated with entanglement-wedge cross sections and may be of more general interest.
{"title":"Link-area commutators in AdS3 area-networks","authors":"Jesse Held, Molly Kaplan, Donald Marolf, Jie-qiang Wu","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Random tensor networks (RTNs) have proved to be fruitful tools for modelling the AdS/CFT correspondence. Due to their flat entanglement spectra, when discussing a given boundary region <i>R</i> and its complement <span>( overline{R} )</span>, standard RTNs are most analogous to fixed-area states of the bulk quantum gravity theory, in which quantum fluctuations have been suppressed for the area of the corresponding HRT surface. However, such RTNs have flat entanglement spectra for all choices of <i>R,</i> <span>( overline{R} )</span>, while quantum fluctuations of multiple HRT-areas can be suppressed only when the corresponding HRT-area operators mutually commute. We probe the severity of such obstructions in pure AdS<sub>3</sub> Einstein-Hilbert gravity by constructing networks whose links are codimension-2 extremal-surfaces and by explicitly computing semiclassical commutators of the associated link-areas. Since <i>d</i> = 3, codimension-2 extremal-surfaces are geodesics, and codimension-2 ‘areas’ are lengths. We find a simple 4-link network defined by an HRT surface and a Chen-Dong-Lewkowycz-Qi constrained HRT surface for which all link-areas commute. However, the algebra generated by the link-areas of more general networks tends to be non-Abelian. One such non-Abelian example is associated with entanglement-wedge cross sections and may be of more general interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Frenklakh, Dmitri Kharzeev, Giancarlo Rossi, Gabriele Veneziano
Gauge invariance of QCD dictates the presence of string junctions in the wave functions of baryons. In high-energy inclusive processes, these baryon junctions have been predicted to induce the separation of the flows of baryon number and flavor. In this paper we describe this phenomenon using the analog-gas model of multiparticle production proposed long time ago by Feynman and Wilson and adapted here to accommodate the topological expansion in QCD. In this framework, duality arguments suggest the existence of two degenerate junction-antijunction glueball Regge trajectories of opposite ( mathcal{C} )-parity with intercept close to 1/2. The corresponding results for the energy and rapidity dependence of baryon stopping are in reasonably good agreement with recent experimental findings from STAR and ALICE experiments. We show that accounting for correlations between the fragmenting strings further improves agreement with the data, and outline additional experimental tests of our picture at the existing (RHIC, LHC, JLab) and future (EIC) facilities.
QCD 的量子不变性决定了重子波函数中存在弦结。据预测,在高能包容过程中,这些重子结会诱发重子数和味道流的分离。在本文中,我们使用费曼和威尔逊很久以前提出的多粒子产生的模拟气模型来描述这一现象,并在此进行调整以适应 QCD 中的拓扑扩展。在这个框架中,二重性论证表明存在两个截距接近1/2的、具有相反(mathcal{C} )奇偶性的退化交界-反交界胶球雷格轨迹。重子停止的能量和速度依赖性的相应结果与 STAR 和 ALICE 实验的最新发现相当吻合。我们表明,考虑碎裂弦之间的相关性可以进一步提高与数据的一致性,并概述了在现有(RHIC、LHC、JLab)和未来(EIC)设施上对我们的图景进行的其他实验检验。
{"title":"Baryon-number — flavor separation in the topological expansion of QCD","authors":"David Frenklakh, Dmitri Kharzeev, Giancarlo Rossi, Gabriele Veneziano","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gauge invariance of QCD dictates the presence of string junctions in the wave functions of baryons. In high-energy inclusive processes, these baryon junctions have been predicted to induce the separation of the flows of baryon number and flavor. In this paper we describe this phenomenon using the analog-gas model of multiparticle production proposed long time ago by Feynman and Wilson and adapted here to accommodate the topological expansion in QCD. In this framework, duality arguments suggest the existence of two degenerate junction-antijunction glueball Regge trajectories of opposite <span>( mathcal{C} )</span>-parity with intercept close to 1/2. The corresponding results for the energy and rapidity dependence of baryon stopping are in reasonably good agreement with recent experimental findings from STAR and ALICE experiments. We show that accounting for correlations between the fragmenting strings further improves agreement with the data, and outline additional experimental tests of our picture at the existing (RHIC, LHC, JLab) and future (EIC) facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We revisit the hadronization and decay of excited heavy mesons and heavy baryons in Herwig 7 general-purpose event-generator, following four distinct steps: (i) Passing through the polarisation of heavy hadrons at the end of parton shower through the application of heavy quark effective theory (HQET), where the emergence of a spin-flavour symmetry allows for the determination of the polarisations of the excited heavy mesons and heavy baryons from the helicity states of the light and heavy quarks. (ii) Improving the strong and radiative decay modes of the excited heavy mesons, where in the absence of conclusive experimental data on many of the decays, one needs to rely on HQET symmetries to determine the favoured decay modes, widths and branching ratios. (iii) Re-examination of the production rates of heavy hadrons using all available experimental data sources and (iv) performing a general tune for Herwig’s free parameters to reflect the implemented changes. We compare our predictions against existing experimental data in the presence/absence of the newly implemented updates. These improvements will be available with Herwig-7.3.0 public release.
{"title":"Hadronization and decay of excited heavy hadrons in Herwig 7","authors":"M. R. Masouminia, P. Richardson","doi":"10.1007/jhep07(2024)278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We revisit the hadronization and decay of excited heavy mesons and heavy baryons in Herwig 7 general-purpose event-generator, following four distinct steps: (i) Passing through the polarisation of heavy hadrons at the end of parton shower through the application of heavy quark effective theory (HQET), where the emergence of a spin-flavour symmetry allows for the determination of the polarisations of the excited heavy mesons and heavy baryons from the helicity states of the light and heavy quarks. (ii) Improving the strong and radiative decay modes of the excited heavy mesons, where in the absence of conclusive experimental data on many of the decays, one needs to rely on HQET symmetries to determine the favoured decay modes, widths and branching ratios. (iii) Re-examination of the production rates of heavy hadrons using <i>all</i> available experimental data sources and (iv) performing a general tune for Herwig’s free parameters to reflect the implemented changes. We compare our predictions against existing experimental data in the presence/absence of the newly implemented updates. These improvements will be available with Herwig-7.3.0 public release.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}