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Cartilage-like protein-polysaccharide hybrid hydrogel for enhancing chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 用于增强骨髓间充质干细胞软骨分化的类软骨蛋白-多糖杂交水凝胶
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00146-2
Xinyue Zhang, Xue Zhan, Haojin Cheng, Zuqin Dong, Chen Hu, Chenxin Liu, Jie Liang, Yafang Chen, Yujiang Fan, Xingdong Zhang

The regeneration of articular cartilage posed a formidable challenge due to the restricted treatment efficacy of existing therapies. Scaffold-based tissue engineering emerges as a promising avenue for cartilage reconstitution. However, most scaffolds exhibit inadequate mechanical characteristics, poor biocompatibility, or absent cell adhesion sites. In this study, cartilage-like protein-polysaccharide hybrid hydrogel based on DOPA-modified hyaluronic acid, bovine type I collagen (Col I), and recombinant humanized type II collagen (rhCol II), denoted as HDCR. HDCR hydrogels possessed the advantage of injectability and in situ crosslinking through pH adjustment. Moreover, HDCR hydrogels exhibited a manipulable degradation rate and favorable biocompatibility. Notably, HDCR hydrogels significantly induced chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, as demonstrated by the upregulation of crucial chondrogenic genes (type II collagen, aggrecan) and the abundant accumulation of glycosaminoglycan. This approach presented a strategy to manufacture injectable, biodegradable scaffolds based on cartilage-like protein-polysaccharide polymers, offering a minimally invasive solution for cartilage repair.

Graphical abstract

由于现有疗法的疗效有限,关节软骨的再生是一项艰巨的挑战。以支架为基础的组织工程学成为软骨重建的一条大有可为的途径。然而,大多数支架表现出机械特性不足、生物相容性差或缺乏细胞粘附点。在这项研究中,基于 DOPA 改性透明质酸、牛 I 型胶原蛋白(Col I)和重组人源化 II 型胶原蛋白(rhCol II)的软骨样蛋白多糖杂交水凝胶被称为 HDCR。HDCR 水凝胶具有可注射性和通过调节 pH 原位交联的优点。此外,HDCR 水凝胶还具有可控降解率和良好的生物相容性。值得注意的是,HDCR 水凝胶能在体外显著诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞的软骨分化,这体现在关键软骨基因(II 型胶原、凝集素)的上调和糖胺聚糖的大量积累上。这种方法提出了一种基于软骨类蛋白多糖聚合物制造可注射、可生物降解支架的策略,为软骨修复提供了一种微创解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-low reflection electromagnetic interference shielding nanofiber film with effective solar harvesting and self-cleaning 具有有效太阳能收集和自清洁功能的超低反射电磁干扰屏蔽纳米纤维薄膜
Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00143-5
Bin Lyu, Yunchuan Wang, Dangge Gao, Shihao Guo, Yingying Zhou, Jianzhong Ma

It is urgent to develop low-reflection electromagnetic interference shielding material to shield electromagnetic waves (EMW) and reduce their secondary radiation pollution. Herein, an electromagnetic interference shielding nanofiber film is composed of ZnO and carbon nanofiber (CNF) via electrospinning and carbonization approachs, and subsequently coating perfuorooctyltriethoxysilane as a protective layer. On the one hand, ZnO coated by porous carbon, which is derived from ZIF-8, endows the nanofiber film low reflection property through optimizing impedance matching between free space and the nanofiber film. On the other hand, the nanofiber film possesses high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, which is beneficial by excellent electrical conductivity of CNF derived from waste leather scraps. Furthermore, the nanofiber film involves abundant interface, which contributes to high interfacial polarization loss. Thus, the nanofiber film with a thickness of 250 μm has electrical conductivity of 53 S/m and shielding efficiency of 50 dB. The reflection coefficient of the nanofiber film is inferior to 0.4 indicates that most of EMW are absorbed inside the materials and the nanofiber film is effective in reducing secondary radiation contamination of electromagnetic waves. Fortunately, the nanofiber film exhibits outstanding solar harvesting performance (106 ℃ at 1 sun density) and good self-cleaning performance, which ensure that the nanofiber film can work in harsh environments. This work supplies a credible reference for fabricating low-reflection electromagnetic shielding nanofiber film to reduce secondary radiation pollution and facilitates the upcycling of waste leather scraps.

Graphic abstract

开发低反射电磁干扰屏蔽材料以屏蔽电磁波并减少其二次辐射污染已迫在眉睫。本文通过电纺丝和碳化方法,将氧化锌和碳纳米纤维(CNF)组成电磁干扰屏蔽纳米纤维膜,然后涂覆全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷作为保护层。一方面,由 ZIF-8 制成的多孔碳包覆 ZnO,通过优化自由空间与纳米纤维膜之间的阻抗匹配,赋予纳米纤维膜低反射特性。另一方面,纳米纤维膜具有较高的电磁干扰屏蔽效率,这得益于从废皮革下脚料中提取的 CNF 的优异导电性。此外,纳米纤维膜涉及大量界面,导致界面极化损耗较高。因此,厚度为 250 μm 的纳米纤维薄膜的导电率为 53 S/m,屏蔽效率为 50 dB。纳米纤维薄膜的反射系数小于 0.4,表明大部分电磁波都被材料内部吸收,纳米纤维薄膜能有效减少电磁波的二次辐射污染。值得庆幸的是,纳米纤维薄膜具有出色的太阳能收集性能(1 太阳密度时为 106 ℃)和良好的自清洁性能,这确保了纳米纤维薄膜可以在恶劣环境下工作。这项工作为制造低反射电磁屏蔽纳米纤维膜以减少二次辐射污染提供了可靠的参考,并有助于废皮革下脚料的升级再利用。
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引用次数: 0
An approach towards identification of leather from leather-like polymeric material using FTIR-ATR technique 利用傅立叶变换红外-ATR 技术从类皮革聚合材料中鉴别皮革的方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00145-3
Priya Narayanan, Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan

Leather, a by-product of the meat industry, has unique strength, elasticity, water vapor permeability, resistance to abrasion, durability, and longevity. In the background of ISO 15115:2019, the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern. There is a need to distinguish leather (animal origin) from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel (PU, faux leather, etc.) and agro-product-driven vegan materials, which are also sold in the market as leather. For this purpose, this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen (the skin-making protein) as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest. A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis. It is reasonably concluded that the signature Amide I, II, and III bands of collagen occurring at 1600, 1500, and 1200 cm−1 could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon, and the Amide A band at 3200 cm−1, forms the basis for differentiation from nylon. In essence, the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust, easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.

Graphical Abstract

皮革是肉类工业的副产品,具有独特的强度、弹性、透水性、耐磨性、耐久性和使用寿命。在 ISO 15115:2019 的背景下,皮革的真实性已成为一个备受关注的问题。有必要将皮革(动物源)与其他从化石燃料中提取的类皮革材料(聚氨酯、人造革等)和农作物驱动的纯素材料区分开来,这些材料也在市场上作为皮革出售。为此,这项研究以胶原蛋白(制革蛋白质)的傅立叶变换红外光谱特征带为起点,区分动物源性材料和其他材料。为了评估这一假设的边界线,我们对生活用品中使用的各类材料进行了详细调查。合理的结论是,出现在 1600、1500 和 1200 cm-1 处的胶原蛋白标志性酰胺 I、II 和 III 带可作为区分尼龙以外所有材料的第一条界线,而尼龙和 3200 cm-1 处的酰胺 A 带则是区分尼龙的基础。从本质上讲,傅立叶变换红外光谱可作为一种可靠、简便和明确的技术,用于区分皮革和目前市场上的类皮革材料。
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引用次数: 0
Guided bone regeneration in long-bone defect with a bilayer mineralized collagen membrane 用双层矿化胶原膜引导长骨缺损处的骨再生
Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00144-4
Fuli Peng, Xuelei Zhang, Yilei Wang, Rui Zhao, Zhiwei Cao, Siyu Chen, Yunxuan Ruan, Jingjing Wu, Tianxi Song, Zhiye Qiu, Xiao Yang, Yi Zeng, Xiangdong Zhu, Jian Pan, Xingdong Zhang

Bone regeneration for large, critical-sized bone defects remains a clinical challenge nowadays. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a promising technique for the repair of multiple bone defects, which is widely used in oral and maxillofacial bone defects but is still unsatisfied in the treatment of long bone defects. Here, we successfully fabricated a bilayer mineralized collagen/collagen (MC/Col)-GBR membrane with excellent osteoinductive and barrier function by coating the MC particles prepared via in situ biomimetic mineralization process on one side of a sheet-like pure collagen layer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and biological functions of the MC/Col film, and to further evaluate its bone regeneration efficiency in large bone defect repair. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of both hydroxyapatite and collagen phase in the MC/Col film, as well as the chemical interaction between them. stereo microscope, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope showed the uniform distribution of MC particles in the MC/Col film, resulting in a rougher surface compared to the pure Col film. The quantitative analysis of surface contact angle, light transmittance and tensile strength demonstrated that the MC/Col film have better hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, light-barrier properties, respectively. In vitro macrophage co-culture experiments showed that the MC/Col film can effectively inhibit macrophage proliferation and fusion, reducing fibrous capsule formation. In vivo bone repair assessment of a rabbit critical segmental radial defect proved that the MC/Col film performed better than other groups in promoting bone repair and regeneration due to their unique dual osteoinductive/barrier function. These findings provided evidence that MC/Col film has a great clinical potential for effective bone defect repair.

Graphic abstract

大面积、临界尺寸骨缺损的骨再生仍是当今的临床难题。引导骨再生(GBR)是一种修复多发性骨缺损的有前途的技术,已广泛应用于口腔颌面骨缺损的治疗,但在长骨缺损的治疗中仍不尽如人意。在这里,我们将通过原位仿生矿化工艺制备的 MC 颗粒涂覆在片状纯胶原层的一侧,成功制备出了具有优异诱导骨生成和屏障功能的双层矿化胶原/胶原(MC/Col)-GBR 膜。本研究旨在探讨 MC/Col 膜的理化性质和生物功能,并进一步评估其在大面积骨缺损修复中的骨再生效率。立体显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜显示 MC 颗粒在 MC/Col 薄膜中均匀分布,与纯 Col 薄膜相比,MC/Col 薄膜表面更粗糙。对表面接触角、透光率和拉伸强度的定量分析表明,MC/Col 膜分别具有更好的亲水性、机械性能和光阻隔性能。体外巨噬细胞共培养实验表明,MC/Col 膜能有效抑制巨噬细胞的增殖和融合,减少纤维囊的形成。对家兔关键节段桡骨缺损进行的体内骨修复评估证明,MC/Col 膜因其独特的诱导骨生成/屏障双重功能,在促进骨修复和再生方面的表现优于其他组别。这些发现证明 MC/Col 薄膜在有效修复骨缺损方面具有巨大的临床潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Collagen-based biomaterials in organoid technology for reproductive medicine: composition, characteristics, and applications 生殖医学类器官技术中的胶原基生物材料:成分、特性和应用
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00142-6
Bo Feng, Hao Yang, Manman Zhu, Jinlin Li, Hsun-Ming Chang, Peter C. K. Leung, Junling Guo, Yaoyao Zhang

Collagen-based biomaterials (CBB) are highly esteemed by researchers in materials science and biomedicine due to their extensive applications across various biomedical disciplines. In recent years, owing to advancements in developmental biology techniques, this superior biomaterial has seen increasing utilization in 3D in vitro tissue culture. Three-dimensional cell cultures, often referred to as organoids, have emerged in response to technological advancements in biomaterials and the growing need in the field of medical research. They serve as important models for simulating normal physiological activities in vivo, addressing limitations in experimental material sources, and resolving ethical issues. In this review, we discuss the material characteristics of CBBs commonly used for organoid culture, integrating aspects such as Matrigel and decellularized ECM as culture matrices. We also analyzed the development prospects and directions of various materials in the context of biology, clinical medicine, and particularly reproductive medicine. Currently, despite the FDA approval and clinical research incorporating numerous CBBs, existing challenges in multiple studies indicate a significant unmet need in the development of key tissue models for both medical research and clinical applications. In summary, CBBs are swiftly broadening their applicability in the realms of organoid nature and medical research, serving as a versatile and high-performing material for 3D in vitro tissue culture.

Graphical abstract

胶原基生物材料(CBB)因其在各种生物医学学科中的广泛应用而备受材料科学和生物医学研究人员的推崇。近年来,由于发育生物学技术的进步,这种优质生物材料在三维体外组织培养中的应用日益广泛。三维细胞培养物通常被称为有机体,是随着生物材料技术的进步和医学研究领域日益增长的需求而出现的。它们是模拟体内正常生理活动、解决实验材料来源限制和伦理问题的重要模型。在这篇综述中,我们结合 Matrigel 和脱细胞 ECM 作为培养基质等方面,讨论了常用于类器官培养的 CBB 的材料特性。我们还分析了各种材料在生物学、临床医学,尤其是生殖医学方面的发展前景和方向。目前,尽管许多 CBB 已获得美国食品及药物管理局的批准并应用于临床研究,但多项研究中存在的挑战表明,在医学研究和临床应用的关键组织模型开发方面,仍有大量需求未得到满足。总之,CBB 正在迅速拓宽其在类器官和医学研究领域的适用性,成为一种多功能、高性能的三维体外组织培养材料。
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引用次数: 0
Polyphenol-based antibacterial and antioxidative nanoparticles for improved peritonitis therapy 基于多酚的抗菌和抗氧化纳米颗粒用于改善腹膜炎治疗
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00141-7
Jinhong Dong, Tianyou Wang, Haotian Li, Jianhua Zhang, Hengjie Zhang, Weijie Liu, Xinru You, Zhipeng Gu, Yiwen Li, Xianchun Chen, Qiang Fu

The development of advanced sustainable biomedical materials with superior biosafety and bioactivity for clinical applications is highly desirable. In the present investigation, biomass-based nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled through the Mannich reaction between the plant polyphenols and the broad-spectrum antibiotic tigecycline (TG). The fabricated NPs with uniform size demonstrated excellent oxidative balance effects, pH-responsive release properties and antibacterial performances. Furthermore, the intracellular and in vivo studies confirmed that the NPs are capable of reducing oxidative damage to cells and significantly repairing tissue injury in mice with peritonitis. This work presents an effective method and idea for constructing biomass-based materials for the treatment of infection-induced diseases.

Graphical Abstract

为临床应用开发具有优异生物安全性和生物活性的先进可持续生物医学材料是非常理想的。在本研究中,通过植物多酚与广谱抗生素替加环素(TG)之间的曼尼希反应组装了基于生物质的纳米颗粒(NPs)。制备的 NPs 大小均匀,具有优异的氧化平衡效应、pH 值响应释放特性和抗菌性能。此外,细胞内和体内研究证实,这种 NPs 能够减少细胞的氧化损伤,并显著修复腹膜炎小鼠的组织损伤。这项工作为构建生物质材料治疗感染引起的疾病提供了一种有效的方法和思路。 图文摘要
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in metal organic frameworks for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants 用于催化降解有机污染物的金属有机框架的最新进展
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00140-8
Jinhui Wei, Min Yuan, Songtao Wang, Xuehu Wang, Nan An, Guangping Lv, Lina Wu

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with their large surface area and numerous active sites have attracted significant research attention. Recently, the application of MOFs for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants has provided effective solutions to address diverse environmental problems. In this review, the latest progress in MOF-based removal and degradation of organic pollutants is summarized according to the different roles of MOFs in the removal reaction systems, such as physical adsorbents, enzyme-immobilization carriers, nanozymes, catalysts for photocatalysis, photo-Fenton and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Finally, the opportunities and challenges of developing advanced MOFs for the removal of organic pollutants are discussed and anticipated.

Graphical Abstract

金属有机框架(MOFs)具有较大的比表面积和众多的活性位点,因此备受研究关注。近年来,应用 MOFs 催化降解有机污染物为解决各种环境问题提供了有效的解决方案。本综述根据 MOFs 在去除反应体系中的不同作用,如物理吸附剂、酶固定化载体、纳米酶、光催化催化剂、光-芬顿和基于硫酸根的高级氧化过程(SR-AOPs),总结了基于 MOFs 的有机污染物去除和降解的最新进展。最后,对开发用于去除有机污染物的先进 MOFs 的机遇和挑战进行了讨论和展望。
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引用次数: 0
Flake channels construction of hydroxyapatite/gelatin cryogel with excellent flame retardant properties for enhancing the capturing of iodine 具有优异阻燃性能的羟基磷灰石/明胶低温凝胶薄片通道结构,可提高碘捕获率
Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00139-1
Yanxia Wei, Bo Wang, Liyan Cao, Xin Cheng, Yuhan Qiao, Tao Duan, Guiqiang He, Pingping Ding, Yan Zhou, Jian Zhou

Safe and efficient capturing of volatile radioiodine is of extremely important significance in the treatment of spent fuel. Herein, the flake channels in gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HAP@Ge) cryogel with excellent flame retardant properties were constructed by immobilizing hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAP) on Gelatin (Ge) cryogel for enhancing the capturing of iodine. The immobilization of HAP nanorods enhanced thermal stability, provided low rates of dynamic heat transfer and dissipation, and remarkably improved the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of the Ge cryogel, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents caused by further thermal degradation or combustion of this cryogel. More importantly, it was effective in improving the rapid enrichment of iodine, resulting in a high adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of HAP@Ge cryogel for iodine vapor reached 2693 mg/g at equilibrium. The high adsorption capacity for iodine was attributed to the multi-scale porous structure in HAP@Ge cryogel, which offered effective channels for iodine diffusion, whereas the numerous complex and irregular flakes provided sufficient number of active sites for iodine capture. The adsorption process was chemical in nature and involved the -PO43−, –OH, –C=O, and –NHR groups on HAP@Ge cryogel. Moreover, the complex porous structure of HAP@Ge cryogel enhanced the physical capturing of iodine. These advantages, such as low-cost raw material, simple preparation method, good flame retardancy, and excellent capturing performance for iodine indicated that HAP@Ge cryogel is a potential candidate for the removal of radioactive iodine in the exhaust gas stream of post-treatment plants.

Graphical Abstract

安全高效地捕获挥发性放射性碘对乏燃料的处理具有极其重要的意义。本文通过在明胶(Ge)低温凝胶上固定羟基磷灰石纳米棒(HAP),在明胶-羟基磷灰石(HAP@Ge)低温凝胶中构建了具有优异阻燃性能的薄片通道,以增强碘捕获能力。HAP 纳米棒的固定增强了热稳定性,动态传热和散热率低,显著提高了 Ge 低温凝胶的阻燃和抑烟性能,可有效防止该低温凝胶因进一步热降解或燃烧而引发安全事故。更重要的是,它能有效提高碘的快速富集能力,从而产生较高的吸附容量。HAP@Ge 低温凝胶对碘蒸气的最大吸附容量在平衡状态下达到 2693 毫克/克。碘的高吸附容量归功于 HAP@Ge 冰凝胶中的多尺度多孔结构,它为碘的扩散提供了有效的通道,而大量复杂而不规则的薄片则为碘的捕获提供了足够数量的活性位点。吸附过程具有化学性质,涉及 HAP@Ge 冰凝胶上的 -PO43-、-OH、-C=O 和 -NHR 基团。此外,HAP@Ge 低温凝胶的复杂多孔结构增强了碘的物理捕获能力。原料成本低、制备方法简单、阻燃性好、碘捕捉性能优越等优点表明,HAP@Ge 冰凝胶是去除后处理厂废气流中放射性碘的潜在候选材料。
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引用次数: 0
Recent progresses of collagen dressings for chronic skin wound healing 胶原蛋白敷料用于慢性皮肤创面愈合的研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00136-4
Shuangni Shi, Lili Wang, Chen Song, Linyan Yao, Jianxi Xiao

The skin plays a fundamental role in regulating the body’s internal balance and protecting against external traumas. A broad variety of environmental risk factors frequently result in acute skin wounds, whose inappropriate treatments would lead to chronic skin wounds that are difficult to heal. Traditional dressings have been widely used to repair chronic skin wounds, however their drawbacks such as insufficient hemostatic efficacy and non-moist environment have severely limited their clinical applications. As the principal component of skin, collagen has always been a research hotspot in the field of chronic skin wounds due to its advantages of low antigenicity, high biocompatibility and superior bioactivity. Collagen-based dressings have been increasingly developed to heal the chronic wounds during the past decades, arising from their capability in decreasing protein and electrolyte losses in wound exudate, preventing bacterial contamination, permitting less painful dressing changes, and improving the healing quality. This review overviews recent progress of collagen dressings for chronic skin wound healing. Various commonly used wound dressings for wound management have been first introduced. Collagen wound dressings have been categorized as films, sponges, hydrogels, nanofibers, and powders, and their efficacy has been compared. The critical functions of collagen dressings in wound healing, such as stopping bleeding, shortening inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and stimulating tissue regeneration have been elaborated. The clinical applications of collagen dressings to repair different types of chronic wounds have been thoroughly summarized. A comprehensive list of commercialized collagen dressings has been updated, and an outlook of collagen dressings have been finally speculated.

Graphical Abstract

皮肤在调节身体内部平衡和防止外部创伤方面起着重要作用。各种各样的环境危险因素经常导致急性皮肤伤口,其治疗不当会导致难以愈合的慢性皮肤伤口。传统敷料被广泛应用于慢性皮肤伤口的修复,但其止血效果不足、环境不湿润等缺点严重限制了其临床应用。胶原蛋白作为皮肤的主要成分,因其具有低抗原性、高生物相容性和优越的生物活性等优点,一直是慢性皮肤创面领域的研究热点。在过去的几十年里,胶原蛋白敷料越来越多地用于治疗慢性伤口,因为它们能够减少伤口渗出液中的蛋白质和电解质损失,防止细菌污染,减少更换敷料的痛苦,提高愈合质量。本文综述了胶原蛋白敷料用于慢性皮肤创面愈合的最新进展。首先介绍了各种常用的伤口处理敷料。胶原蛋白伤口敷料分为薄膜、海绵、水凝胶、纳米纤维和粉末,并对它们的功效进行了比较。阐述了胶原蛋白敷料在伤口愈合中的关键功能,如止血、缩短炎症、促进血管生成、刺激组织再生等。综述了胶原蛋白敷料在不同类型慢性创面修复中的临床应用。更新了一份全面的胶原蛋白敷料商业化清单,并最终对胶原蛋白敷料的前景进行了推测。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Synergistically enhancing hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic association of collagen fiber to flavonoid aglycones for their effective separation by polyethyleneimine modification 通过聚乙烯亚胺改性协同增强胶原纤维与黄酮苷的氢键、疏水作用和静电结合,从而有效分离黄酮苷
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00138-2
Qixian Zhang, Rui Wang, Bi Shi

Compared with flavonoid glycosides, flavonoid aglycones are difficult to be separated since they have less hydroxyls. Collagen fiber (CF), a natural polymer, was once used as packing material for separation of kaempferol and quercetin (the typical flavonoid aglycones) after crosslinking by glutaraldehyde mainly based on hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in column length-diameter ratio of 60:1. Hydrophobic modification by grafting alkyl chains was then employed to enhance the hydrophobic interaction between CF and flavonoid aglycones, which can improve the separation efficiency and decrease column length-diameter ratio to 19:1. In order to further improve the adsorption capacity and separation efficiency, the strategy of simultaneously grafting hydrophobic alkyl chains (–CH2–CH2–) and alkali groups (–NH2) was adopted in this work to enhance hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic association to flavonoid aglycones at the same time through grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI). PEI modified CF (PEI-CF) maintained the fiber structure of CF, and had higher adsorption extent and rate to flavonoid aglycones through the enhanced synergetic effect of hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic association. As a result, PEI-CF presented a satisfactory column separation efficiency for kaempferol and quercetin even the length-diameter ratio of column was decreased to 11:1, which was much better than previously developed glutaradehyde-crosslinked collagen fiber and isobutyl-grafted collagen fiber, as well as commonly used polyamide and Sephadex LH-20.

Graphical abstract

与类黄酮苷相比,类黄酮苷因其羟基较少而难以分离。胶原纤维(CF)是一种天然聚合物,曾以戊二醛为填料,主要基于氢键和疏水作用,柱长径比为60:1,经交联分离山奈酚和槲皮素(典型的类黄酮苷元)。接枝烷基链疏水改性增强了CF与类黄酮苷元的疏水相互作用,提高了分离效率,使柱长径比降至19:1。为了进一步提高吸附能力和分离效率,本研究采用疏水烷基链(- ch2 - ch2 -)和碱基(- nh2)同时接枝的策略,通过接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)同时增强与类黄酮苷元的疏水相互作用、氢键和静电缔合。PEI改性CF (PEI-CF)保持CF的纤维结构,通过增强疏水相互作用、氢键和静电缔合的协同作用,对类黄酮苷元具有更高的吸附程度和吸附速率。结果表明,PEI-CF对山奈酚和槲皮素的柱分离效率较好,即使柱长径比降至11:1,也远优于之前开发的戊二醛交联胶原纤维和异丁基接枝胶原纤维,以及常用的聚酰胺和Sephadex LH-20。图形抽象
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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering
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