The regeneration of articular cartilage posed a formidable challenge due to the restricted treatment efficacy of existing therapies. Scaffold-based tissue engineering emerges as a promising avenue for cartilage reconstitution. However, most scaffolds exhibit inadequate mechanical characteristics, poor biocompatibility, or absent cell adhesion sites. In this study, cartilage-like protein-polysaccharide hybrid hydrogel based on DOPA-modified hyaluronic acid, bovine type I collagen (Col I), and recombinant humanized type II collagen (rhCol II), denoted as HDCR. HDCR hydrogels possessed the advantage of injectability and in situ crosslinking through pH adjustment. Moreover, HDCR hydrogels exhibited a manipulable degradation rate and favorable biocompatibility. Notably, HDCR hydrogels significantly induced chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, as demonstrated by the upregulation of crucial chondrogenic genes (type II collagen, aggrecan) and the abundant accumulation of glycosaminoglycan. This approach presented a strategy to manufacture injectable, biodegradable scaffolds based on cartilage-like protein-polysaccharide polymers, offering a minimally invasive solution for cartilage repair.
Graphical abstract
由于现有疗法的疗效有限,关节软骨的再生是一项艰巨的挑战。以支架为基础的组织工程学成为软骨重建的一条大有可为的途径。然而,大多数支架表现出机械特性不足、生物相容性差或缺乏细胞粘附点。在这项研究中,基于 DOPA 改性透明质酸、牛 I 型胶原蛋白(Col I)和重组人源化 II 型胶原蛋白(rhCol II)的软骨样蛋白多糖杂交水凝胶被称为 HDCR。HDCR 水凝胶具有可注射性和通过调节 pH 原位交联的优点。此外,HDCR 水凝胶还具有可控降解率和良好的生物相容性。值得注意的是,HDCR 水凝胶能在体外显著诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞的软骨分化,这体现在关键软骨基因(II 型胶原、凝集素)的上调和糖胺聚糖的大量积累上。这种方法提出了一种基于软骨类蛋白多糖聚合物制造可注射、可生物降解支架的策略,为软骨修复提供了一种微创解决方案。
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Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00143-5
Bin Lyu, Yunchuan Wang, Dangge Gao, Shihao Guo, Yingying Zhou, Jianzhong Ma
It is urgent to develop low-reflection electromagnetic interference shielding material to shield electromagnetic waves (EMW) and reduce their secondary radiation pollution. Herein, an electromagnetic interference shielding nanofiber film is composed of ZnO and carbon nanofiber (CNF) via electrospinning and carbonization approachs, and subsequently coating perfuorooctyltriethoxysilane as a protective layer. On the one hand, ZnO coated by porous carbon, which is derived from ZIF-8, endows the nanofiber film low reflection property through optimizing impedance matching between free space and the nanofiber film. On the other hand, the nanofiber film possesses high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, which is beneficial by excellent electrical conductivity of CNF derived from waste leather scraps. Furthermore, the nanofiber film involves abundant interface, which contributes to high interfacial polarization loss. Thus, the nanofiber film with a thickness of 250 μm has electrical conductivity of 53 S/m and shielding efficiency of 50 dB. The reflection coefficient of the nanofiber film is inferior to 0.4 indicates that most of EMW are absorbed inside the materials and the nanofiber film is effective in reducing secondary radiation contamination of electromagnetic waves. Fortunately, the nanofiber film exhibits outstanding solar harvesting performance (106 ℃ at 1 sun density) and good self-cleaning performance, which ensure that the nanofiber film can work in harsh environments. This work supplies a credible reference for fabricating low-reflection electromagnetic shielding nanofiber film to reduce secondary radiation pollution and facilitates the upcycling of waste leather scraps.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1186/s42825-023-00145-3
Priya Narayanan, Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan
Leather, a by-product of the meat industry, has unique strength, elasticity, water vapor permeability, resistance to abrasion, durability, and longevity. In the background of ISO 15115:2019, the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern. There is a need to distinguish leather (animal origin) from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel (PU, faux leather, etc.) and agro-product-driven vegan materials, which are also sold in the market as leather. For this purpose, this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen (the skin-making protein) as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest. A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis. It is reasonably concluded that the signature Amide I, II, and III bands of collagen occurring at 1600, 1500, and 1200 cm−1 could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon, and the Amide A band at 3200 cm−1, forms the basis for differentiation from nylon. In essence, the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust, easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.