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A study on value estimation, collection and utilization of rainwater resources in cities of northern China—A case study of Xi'an city 中国北方城市雨水资源价值估算与收集利用研究——以西安市为例
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893041
Ruiyue Jia, Juan Xie, S. Song, Dandan Liu
As an important water resource, rainfall resources play a great role in human's production life and socio-economic development. In this paper, the northern typical city-Xi'an was taken as an example. On the basis of temporal and spatial distribution and utilization of water resources as well as the average annual precipitation statistics during 1999 to 2008 in Xi'an, the theory of rainfall frequency curve Pearson type III was established, and its economic value was estimated from aspects such as rainfall values, costs decrease and losses reduction. The results are as following. First, according to the city's theory of rainfall frequency curve Pearson type III, it is obtained that the average annual precipitation for 732.5mm and the total precipitation for 1.89×108m3 in wet years, the average annual precipitation for 511.8mm and total precipitation for 1.32×108m3 in normal years, the average annual precipitation for 359.6mm and the total precipitation for 0.93×108m3 in dry years. Second, in wet years, the value of rainfall resource itself is 8.26×108 yuan and the decreasing costs of the city's supply is 4.12×108 yuan; in normal years, the value of rainfall resource itself is 5.78×108 yuan and the decreasing costs of the city's supply is 2.88×108 yuan; in dry years, the value of rainfall resource itself is 4.06×108 yuan and the decreasing costs of the city's supply is 3.11×108 yuan, while the losses caused by water shortage decreased by 0.19×108 yuan. In view of the great utilized value of rainfall resources, the paper brings up an approach to use city rainfall effectively from catchments of city buildings, accumulation of City Park, and utilization of agricultural and other aspects, which has practical guiding significance for the exploitation and utilization of rain in future.
降雨资源作为一种重要的水资源,在人类生产生活和社会经济发展中发挥着重要作用。本文以北方典型城市西安为例。在分析西安市水资源时空分布和利用状况的基础上,利用西安市1999 ~ 2008年年均降水统计数据,建立降雨频率曲线Pearsonⅲ型理论,并从降雨值、成本降低和损失减少等方面对其经济价值进行估算。结果如下:首先,根据我市降雨频率曲线Pearson III型理论,得到丰水年平均降水量为732.5mm和总降水量1.89×108m3,平水年平均降水量为511.8mm和总降水量1.32×108m3,干旱年平均降水量为359.6mm和总降水量0.93×108m3。②丰水年,降雨资源本身价值为8.26×108元,城市供给的降低成本为4.12×108元;正常年份降雨资源本身价值为5.78×108元,城市供给量的降低成本为2.88×108元;在干旱年份,降雨资源本身的价值为4.06×108元,城市供水的减少成本为3.11×108元,而缺水造成的损失减少了0.19×108元。鉴于雨水资源的巨大利用价值,本文从城市建筑集水区、城市公园蓄积、农业利用等方面提出了有效利用城市雨水的途径,对今后雨水的开发利用具有现实指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution and harm of aquatic alligator weed in Nansi Lake drainage area 南四湖流域水生短吻鳄杂草的分布及危害
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893508
Guofu He, Juan Li, Wei Liu
In order to fully find out distribution of Aquatic alligator weed in Nansi Lake drainage area, an on-site survey on typical inflow rivers of Nansi Lake and lake area was carried out in June 2010. Coverage of the weed at all the monitoring sections was given. Furthermore, one of the inflow rivers -Xiaosha River was chosen to give further investigation to acquaint growth condition of the alligator weed, from which we can get the harm of it to water environment and give countermeasure.
为了充分了解南四湖流域水生短吻鳄杂草的分布情况,2010年6月对南四湖及湖区典型入流河流进行了现场调查。对所有监测区域的杂草进行了覆盖。并选取入流河流之一的小沙河进行深入调查,了解短吻鳄杂草的生长状况,从中了解短吻鳄杂草对水环境的危害,并提出对策。
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引用次数: 1
Advanced oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol wastewater by O3/UV O3/UV深度氧化聚乙烯醇废水
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893290
D. Xin, Xinyi Xu, Hongrui Wang, Yuanyuan Gao
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was commonly used in textile industry which could not be easily degraded by microorganism under the general conditions. As PVA was not readily biodegradable, its interference with conventional biological treatment methods meant the necessity of abiotic oxidative pretreatments before biological treatment. The relatively simple and flexible approach was O3/UV pretreatment. This study indicated that the treatment effect was obviously affected by the time, pH value, initial concentration of PVA and flow of O3. Under the conditions of O3/UV, with the indicator of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the best conditions to degrade PVA were found. In this experiment, optimum reaction conditions for PVA pretreatment were obtained as following: 80 minutes for the reaction time, 0.5% for the concentration of PVA, pH=5 and 40L/h for the flow of O3. The removal ratio of COD was 95% when combined O3/UV with biodegradation treatment.
聚乙烯醇(PVA)是纺织工业中常用的原料,在一般条件下不易被微生物降解。由于PVA不易生物降解,它对常规生物处理方法的干扰意味着在生物处理之前必须进行非生物氧化预处理。相对简单灵活的方法是O3/UV预处理。研究表明,处理效果受时间、pH值、PVA初始浓度和O3流量的影响明显。在O3/UV条件下,以化学需氧量(COD)为指标,找到了降解PVA的最佳条件。本实验得到PVA预处理的最佳反应条件为:反应时间80 min, PVA浓度0.5%,pH=5, O3流量40L/h。O3/UV联合生物降解处理,COD去除率达95%。
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引用次数: 1
The study on the precipitation isotope characteristic and effect factor for water cycle 降水同位素特征及水循环影响因子研究
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893693
Wang Yongsen, Xu Zheng-he
This paper researches the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in precipitation in Baotou for eight years, and the meteoric water line was given: δD=6.36δ18O-5.21, which shows that some characteristics in the meteoric water line. The impact on precipitation isotope for the temperature and precipitation amount was analysed. The result shows that the impact factors of precipitation isotope was variational in the different seasons, and the degree of influence for several isotope effects is also various. The weighted-mean δD and δ18O values of precipitation tend to be more negative in January and December.
通过对包头8年降水中氢、氧同位素组成的研究,得出了该地区大气水线δD=6.36δ18 -5.21,显示了大气水线的一些特征。分析了温度和降水量对降水同位素的影响。结果表明:不同季节降水同位素的影响因子存在差异,不同同位素效应的影响程度也不同。降水加权平均δD和δ18O值在1月和12月更趋于负。
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引用次数: 5
The protection and utilization of water cultural heritages in Xi'an of China 西安市水文化遗产的保护与利用
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893409
Hao Junqing, Xu Xue, Yao-Lang Hong
The water is important to any city's birth and development. As the thirteen dynasties ancient capital, Xi'an has a long history and gives birth to many and rich water cultural heritages. This paper analyses the kinds of the city water cultural heritages and researches the characteristics of different water cultural heritages, then puts forward measures of protection and utilization of water cultural heritages.
水对任何城市的诞生和发展都很重要。西安作为十三朝古都,历史悠久,孕育了众多丰富的水文化遗产。本文分析了城市水文化遗产的种类,研究了不同水文化遗产的特点,提出了水文化遗产的保护与利用措施。
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引用次数: 0
The situation and basic protection mechanism about boundary water environment in China and Canada 中国与加拿大边界水环境现状及基本保护机制
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893062
Yanpeng Jiao, Ting Zhang
This paper will compare the protection mechanism about boundary water environment between China and Canada, through the comparison, the author will point out the differences between the two countries, especially in those areas: the legal base of the boundary water quality control and management; the features on protection mechanism of each country.
本文将比较中国和加拿大两国边界水环境保护机制,通过比较,指出两国之间的差异,特别是在以下方面:边界水质控制和管理的法律基础;各国保护机制的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Zooplankton community structure and seasonal patterns in the Zhanjiang Harbor waters, China 湛江港水域浮游动物群落结构与季节格局
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893637
Xue-feng Wang, Cai-xue Zhang, Yuening Gong, Xing-li Sun
To improve our knowledge regarding the physical and biological processes relating the plankton ecology in typical subtropical estuaries, species composition, abundance and diversity of zooplankton were investigated during four cruises conducted in Zhanjiang Harbor waters, China, between Nov, 2008 and Feb, 2009. A total of 128 species of zooplankton and 9 species/assemblages of planktonic larvae were identified, including 49 species of Copepods, followed by Medusas (16 species), Protozoa (12 species), Decapods(10 species) and Chaetognatha(10 species), etc. The species/ assemblages that occurred in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 51, 45, 27, 59 species, respectively. In all, the abundance of zooplankton in the harbor inner waters was higher than that off the mouth of the Harbor waters, and the abundance was 1.1×102±1.5×102 individuals·m-3(ind. ·m-3), 1.5×102±2.3×102 ind·m-3, 4.1×10±3.4×10 ind·m-3, 5.6×10±5.0×10 ind·m-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The seasonal turnover rate of dominant zooplankton species was higher than 63%, indicating relative large seasonal variation of the community structure. The Shannon-Winner diversity index averaged 3.08 annually, which increased from spring to summer, and decreased form autumn and winter to some extent. And the values of Evenness index and richness index showed similar trends as the diversity index seasonal variation. The value of community diversity was the highest in the middle waters (3.14), the second was in the mouth of the Harbor waters (3.10), and the last was in the coastal waters (2.99). Using step-wise regression method, the environmental adaption of zooplankton dominant species abundance analysis showed that the chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance, and sea water temperature had great effects on the dominant zooplankton species abundance, and the effects varied as the different species abundance, also indicating the differences in ecological niches among dominant zooplankton species.
为了进一步了解亚热带典型河口浮游生物生态的物理和生物过程,于2008年11月至2009年2月在湛江港海域进行了4次巡航,调查了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和多样性。共鉴定出浮游动物128种,浮游幼虫9种/组合,其中桡足类49种,其次是水母类(16种)、原生动物(12种)、十足类(10种)和毛齿类(10种)等。春、夏、秋、冬4个季节分别有51种、45种、27种、59种。总体而言,港内水域浮游动物丰度高于港外水域,丰度为1.1×102±1.5×102个体·m-3(ind)。春、夏、秋、冬季节分别为1.5×102±2.3×102 ind·m-3、4.1×10±3.4×10 ind·m-3、5.6×10±5.0×10 ind·m-3。优势浮游动物的季节更替率大于63%,表明群落结构的季节性变化较大。Shannon-Winner多样性指数年平均为3.08,春夏季呈上升趋势,秋冬季呈一定程度的下降趋势。均匀度指数和丰富度指数的季节变化趋势与多样性指数相似。群落多样性以中部水域最高(3.14),其次为港湾入海口(3.10),最后为沿海水域(2.99)。利用逐步回归方法对浮游动物优势种丰度进行环境适应性分析,结果表明叶绿素a、浮游植物丰度和海水温度对浮游动物优势种丰度有较大影响,且影响程度随物种丰度的不同而不同,也反映了优势种间生态位的差异。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of coagulation behavior of oily wastewater containing high methanol 高甲醇含油废水的混凝行为分析
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893328
Juan Xie, C. Qu
In this paper, the chemical oxidation-coagulation method was used to treat oily wastewater containing high methanol and the influence factors of coagulation were studied. When pH value of wastewater was adjusted to 8.5, the dosage of H2O2, PAC and cationic polyacrylamide was 175 mg·l-1, 40 mg·l-1, 1.0 mg·l-1 respectively, the quality parameters of coagulated water such as pH value, contents of oil and suspended solid (SS) could achieve the feed-in require of methanol rectifying tower. In coagulation test, the dependence of floc sedimentation velocity on methanol concentration and ratio of Oil/SS was studied, the results showed that the sedimentation velocity of floc decreased with increasing methanol concentration, and the velocity varied slowly and tended to keep stable when the methanol concentration was over 53.0%; While Oil/SS<;6, the sedimentation velocity of floc decreased with increasing Oil/SS. Once oil/SS>;6, the floc floated upward due to higher condensate-oil concentration.
采用化学氧化-混凝法处理高甲醇含油废水,并对混凝的影响因素进行了研究。当废水pH值调整为8.5,H2O2投加量为175 mg·l-1, PAC投加量为40 mg·l-1,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺投加量为1.0 mg·l-1时,混凝水的pH值、油含量、悬浮物(SS)含量等质量参数均能达到甲醇精馏塔的进料要求。在混凝试验中,研究了絮凝体沉降速度与甲醇浓度和油/SS比的关系,结果表明:絮凝体沉降速度随甲醇浓度的增加而降低,当甲醇浓度大于53.0%时,絮凝体沉降速度变化缓慢,趋于稳定;Oil/SS;6时,由于凝析油浓度较高,絮体向上漂浮。
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引用次数: 0
Purification of micro-polluted raw water by a pilot-scale bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor 生物硅藻土动态膜反应器中试净化微污染原水
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893234
Zhenxun Yu, B. Dong
In this study, we developed a bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor (BDDMR) as a new water treatment technology. The effectiveness of this new system was evaluated by investigating the removal effect of pollutants, and the three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) was employed to characterize the chemical nature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in influent, and effluent of BDDMR at pilot-scale in continuous-flow mode at a hydraulic retention time of 8 h. Experimental results indicated that the system was better to remove pollutant, and two peaks could be observed in all DOM in various origins, showing that the aromatic protein-like in every substances, could be removed effectively. The results also illustrated that the system could be able to remove the pollutants such as protein-like substances and soluble microbial byproduct-like material.
本研究开发了生物硅藻土动态膜反应器(BDDMR)作为一种新的水处理技术。通过考察该系统对污染物的去除效果来评价该系统的有效性,并利用三维激发与发射矩阵荧光光谱(3D-EEM)对连续流中试条件下BDDMR进水和出水中溶解有机物(DOM)的化学性质进行了表征,水力停留时间为8 h。实验结果表明,该系统对污染物的去除效果较好。在不同来源的DOM中均可观察到两个峰,说明每种物质中的芳香蛋白样都能被有效去除。结果还表明,该系统可以去除蛋白质样物质和可溶性微生物副产物样物质等污染物。
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引用次数: 1
Establishment & application of quantitative evaluation model for inrush water sources of coal mine 煤矿突水水源定量评价模型的建立与应用
Pub Date : 2011-05-20 DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893156
G. Niu
Aiming at the present insufficiencies and problems existed in the evaluation on threatening degree of water disaster of coal mines, as well as various threatening degrees, the paper, based on different threatening water sources, proposes quantitative grading evaluation technology and quantitative division standard of threatening degrees, and suggests corresponding water prevention measures and advices. With the practical application of quantitative evaluation technology of threatens caused by water disaster in Longtan coal mine in Sichuan Provinces, Lvshuidong coal mine and Liziya coal mine, threat level of water disaster during the process of advancement and recovery has been evaluated fairly precisely, thus standardized the evaluation and prevention of water disasters of coal mines and guaranteed systematic, precise, economic and orderly progressing of water prevention and treatment.
针对目前煤矿水害威胁程度评价中存在的不足和问题,以及不同的威胁程度,本文基于不同的威胁水源,提出了威胁程度定量分级评价技术和定量划分标准,并提出了相应的防水措施和建议。通过水害威胁定量评价技术在四川龙潭煤矿、绿水洞煤矿和栗子垭煤矿的实际应用,较为准确地评价了水害超前恢复过程中的威胁等级,规范了煤矿水害评价和防治工作,保障了水害防治工作的系统、精准、经济、有序进行。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection
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