Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893036
Chai Li-hong, Liu Xiaoli, Jiang Ling, Dong Suiming, Wang Hongyuan
Fluoride caused widespread endemic fluorosis in humans, but little attention was paid to the effect of fluoride on aquatic organisms. A standard method was used to evaluate the acute toxicity (96h) of fluoride on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles at Gosner stage 33. Toxicity symptoms of fluoride in B. gargarizans tadpoles included abnormal motility, loss of equilibrium and decompensation. Dose- and time-dependent increases in mortality rate were observed in response to the test fluoride. The 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h LC50 (median lethal concentration) of NaF to B. gargarizans tadpoles were 693.02 mg/L, 660.57 mg/L, 643.12 mg/L and 622.81 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration (SC) of fluoride in water for larvae B. gargarizans was 6.2281 mg/L. Furthermore, the DNA damage caused by high-dose fluoride exposure was detected by DNA ladder. The results offered basic data to further research and highlighted the necessity of management of fluoride in water to protect aquatic animals.
{"title":"Acute toxicity and DNA damage of fluoride to larval big toad Bufo gargarizans","authors":"Chai Li-hong, Liu Xiaoli, Jiang Ling, Dong Suiming, Wang Hongyuan","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893036","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride caused widespread endemic fluorosis in humans, but little attention was paid to the effect of fluoride on aquatic organisms. A standard method was used to evaluate the acute toxicity (96h) of fluoride on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles at Gosner stage 33. Toxicity symptoms of fluoride in B. gargarizans tadpoles included abnormal motility, loss of equilibrium and decompensation. Dose- and time-dependent increases in mortality rate were observed in response to the test fluoride. The 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h LC50 (median lethal concentration) of NaF to B. gargarizans tadpoles were 693.02 mg/L, 660.57 mg/L, 643.12 mg/L and 622.81 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration (SC) of fluoride in water for larvae B. gargarizans was 6.2281 mg/L. Furthermore, the DNA damage caused by high-dose fluoride exposure was detected by DNA ladder. The results offered basic data to further research and highlighted the necessity of management of fluoride in water to protect aquatic animals.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"430-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88037522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research on application of shallow saline groundwater is of great importance and the saline groundwater is a reasonable resource for exploitation and sustainable economic development in Tianjin coastal area. Reasonable exploitation and utilization of the shallow saline groundwater has practical significance for water quality improvement of the shallow groundwater and effective protection of water resources and attenuation of depression cone. Shallow salty soil is rich in water resources.The full use of water resources is made for the comprehensive benefit and development of national economics.
{"title":"Sustainable exploitation of shallow saline groundwater resources in Tianjin","authors":"Shu-hong Song, Shaoyu Liu, Zhe Wang, Sheng-bai Jin, Shuangping Han, X. Hou, Xiaoni Zhou, Feng’e Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892956","url":null,"abstract":"The research on application of shallow saline groundwater is of great importance and the saline groundwater is a reasonable resource for exploitation and sustainable economic development in Tianjin coastal area. Reasonable exploitation and utilization of the shallow saline groundwater has practical significance for water quality improvement of the shallow groundwater and effective protection of water resources and attenuation of depression cone. Shallow salty soil is rich in water resources.The full use of water resources is made for the comprehensive benefit and development of national economics.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"108-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892959
Lei Yang, Qiong Xiao, Li-cheng Shen, Yijun Hu
Wentang Valley Anticline is selected as study area and thermal water resources in this area will be discussed in this paper. Because of the same geological backgrounds, the hydrogeochemical features of the thermal water is similar in this study area, and its hydrochemical type is SO4-Ca. In addition, the thermal water contains multiplicate and sanative microelements and gases, such as Sr, F, Li, B, and Rn, so it is superior iatrical thermal water. The thermal water source is atmosphere precipitation. And its aquifer may be the stratum of Jialingjiang formation in Lower Trias (T1j). Na-K-Mg diagram shows that five water samples fall in the region of immature water. So it can be said that it has low tempertures in the fluid-rock processes and the thermal water maybe mixed. Mineral equilibrium diagram (log(Q/K)-T diagram) indicates that the log(Q/K)-T curve of quartz is closest to saturation line, and the equilibrious temperature is 65~77°C. This temperature is within the reservoir temperature (65~82°C) calculated by quartz geothermometer.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical features of geothermal water resources in Wentang Valley Anticline in SW China","authors":"Lei Yang, Qiong Xiao, Li-cheng Shen, Yijun Hu","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892959","url":null,"abstract":"Wentang Valley Anticline is selected as study area and thermal water resources in this area will be discussed in this paper. Because of the same geological backgrounds, the hydrogeochemical features of the thermal water is similar in this study area, and its hydrochemical type is SO4-Ca. In addition, the thermal water contains multiplicate and sanative microelements and gases, such as Sr, F, Li, B, and Rn, so it is superior iatrical thermal water. The thermal water source is atmosphere precipitation. And its aquifer may be the stratum of Jialingjiang formation in Lower Trias (T1j). Na-K-Mg diagram shows that five water samples fall in the region of immature water. So it can be said that it has low tempertures in the fluid-rock processes and the thermal water maybe mixed. Mineral equilibrium diagram (log(Q/K)-T diagram) indicates that the log(Q/K)-T curve of quartz is closest to saturation line, and the equilibrious temperature is 65~77°C. This temperature is within the reservoir temperature (65~82°C) calculated by quartz geothermometer.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"24 1","pages":"118-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893733
Yanguo Mei
Based on the meteorological data of the four weather stations in Manasi oasis from 1961 to 2005, daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was calculated by the Penman-Montieth formula, the characteristics and trend of ET0 with yearly, seasonal and monthly value were analyzed, and the main factors affected ET0 were discussed with statistic method also. The results show that the ET0 in Manasi oasis is decreased slightly over the past 45 years in Muosuowan, Paotai, Wulanwusu weather stations and Shihezi was reverse. The ET0 in July and August is the highest and that of in December and January is the lowest in the year. The sequences of the main factors affected ET0 are wind velocity (U2), sunshine time (Ta), average temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (H) in three weather stations and another station is Ta, Ta, U2, H.
{"title":"Analysis of the change characteristics and the weather effect mechanism of reference evapotranspiration in Manasi oasis","authors":"Yanguo Mei","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893733","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the meteorological data of the four weather stations in Manasi oasis from 1961 to 2005, daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was calculated by the Penman-Montieth formula, the characteristics and trend of ET0 with yearly, seasonal and monthly value were analyzed, and the main factors affected ET0 were discussed with statistic method also. The results show that the ET0 in Manasi oasis is decreased slightly over the past 45 years in Muosuowan, Paotai, Wulanwusu weather stations and Shihezi was reverse. The ET0 in July and August is the highest and that of in December and January is the lowest in the year. The sequences of the main factors affected ET0 are wind velocity (U2), sunshine time (Ta), average temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (H) in three weather stations and another station is Ta, Ta, U2, H.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"33 1","pages":"2325-2328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86341382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893620
Jinling Kong, Wenke Wang, Liang Chen, Zhiqiang Wei, Hongbin Yang, D. Guan, M. Pan, Keliang Zhou
The moisture storaged in soil-vadose zone is the important components of natural water cycles, which has a close relationship with water-soil-plant system and plays an important role for the healthy development of ecological environment. The study of the article developed the remote sensing quantitative model for soil moisture retrieval by statistics regression analysis based upon the soil sample parameters collected from the field, spectral data gathered simultaneously and simulated the bands of Landsat7 ETM in the typical fissure sites of coal mining area in the Northern of Shaanxi. The results showed that band4 of Landsat7 ETM is the most sensitive band for soil moisture retrieval using spectrum method. The quadratic model that was developed by remote sensing reflectance (Rrs4) (corresponding to the band4) as independent variable, is the best patterns. The root mean square error ( RMSE) is 0.59%.
{"title":"The study of remote sensing quantitative model for soil moisture retrieval in coal mining area of Northern Shaanxi","authors":"Jinling Kong, Wenke Wang, Liang Chen, Zhiqiang Wei, Hongbin Yang, D. Guan, M. Pan, Keliang Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893620","url":null,"abstract":"The moisture storaged in soil-vadose zone is the important components of natural water cycles, which has a close relationship with water-soil-plant system and plays an important role for the healthy development of ecological environment. The study of the article developed the remote sensing quantitative model for soil moisture retrieval by statistics regression analysis based upon the soil sample parameters collected from the field, spectral data gathered simultaneously and simulated the bands of Landsat7 ETM in the typical fissure sites of coal mining area in the Northern of Shaanxi. The results showed that band4 of Landsat7 ETM is the most sensitive band for soil moisture retrieval using spectrum method. The quadratic model that was developed by remote sensing reflectance (Rrs4) (corresponding to the band4) as independent variable, is the best patterns. The root mean square error ( RMSE) is 0.59%.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"21 1","pages":"1877-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83898622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893192
Wen-ge Zhang, X. Guan
Under the severe contradiction of water demand over supply in the Yellow River Basin, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission together with provincial water resources departments conducted the practice of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin, in order to realize win-win of industrial development and water-saving rehabilitation of irrigation district. On the basis of exploration and practice of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin, the construction of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin is analyzed. The management mechanism of water right transfer consists of five parts: technical inspection, appraisal to water-saving effect, administrative approval, organization and supervision of water right transfer, verification to water-saving engineering. The result of implementing water right transfer is introduced in the respects of enhancing water use efficiency and benefits, protecting of farmers' legal right, quickening water-saving rehabilitation in irrigation district, ensuring the sustainable utilization of Yellow River water. Yellow River water right transfer type in the future is discussed. According to Yellow River water resources management practice in recent years, Yellow River water resources condition and water demand of the social and economic development in Yellow River Basin, the development directions of Yellow River water right transfer in the near future are brought forward. They are practice of water right transfer by modern agricultural water saving, practice of trans-regional water right transfer, exploration to the two-level market of Water Right transfer in the Yellow River Basin.
{"title":"Practice and exploration on water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin and its development direction in the near future","authors":"Wen-ge Zhang, X. Guan","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893192","url":null,"abstract":"Under the severe contradiction of water demand over supply in the Yellow River Basin, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission together with provincial water resources departments conducted the practice of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin, in order to realize win-win of industrial development and water-saving rehabilitation of irrigation district. On the basis of exploration and practice of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin, the construction of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin is analyzed. The management mechanism of water right transfer consists of five parts: technical inspection, appraisal to water-saving effect, administrative approval, organization and supervision of water right transfer, verification to water-saving engineering. The result of implementing water right transfer is introduced in the respects of enhancing water use efficiency and benefits, protecting of farmers' legal right, quickening water-saving rehabilitation in irrigation district, ensuring the sustainable utilization of Yellow River water. Yellow River water right transfer type in the future is discussed. According to Yellow River water resources management practice in recent years, Yellow River water resources condition and water demand of the social and economic development in Yellow River Basin, the development directions of Yellow River water right transfer in the near future are brought forward. They are practice of water right transfer by modern agricultural water saving, practice of trans-regional water right transfer, exploration to the two-level market of Water Right transfer in the Yellow River Basin.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"78 1","pages":"1043-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86613167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893605
Xiangyi Zha, Chunwei Han, Jiancheng Tu, Dandan Ma
Cu was removed from industrial sludge by traditional and microwave assisted acid extraction. The effects of acid concentration, extraction time, sludge particle size and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio on removal of Cu from industrial sludge were investigated. The results indicated that extraction of Cu by 1 N nitric acid for 90 min at an S/L ratio of 1/20 is the most economical traditional extraction conditions; the higher microwave power can increase the Cu extractable fractions; active carbon addition shortened the extraction time required to extract 80% Cu industrial sludge from 15 to 10 min. The addition of a microwave absorber, the microwave power input and the S/L ratio are the most important factors to microwave acid extraction of Cu. The results reveal that sulfuric acid was an effective extractant; Cu fraction bound to the Fe-Mn oxides was extracted. Conversely, the residue fraction remained during acid extraction.
{"title":"Comparative study of copper extraction by nitric and microwave assisted nitric acid extraction from industrial sludge","authors":"Xiangyi Zha, Chunwei Han, Jiancheng Tu, Dandan Ma","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893605","url":null,"abstract":"Cu was removed from industrial sludge by traditional and microwave assisted acid extraction. The effects of acid concentration, extraction time, sludge particle size and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio on removal of Cu from industrial sludge were investigated. The results indicated that extraction of Cu by 1 N nitric acid for 90 min at an S/L ratio of 1/20 is the most economical traditional extraction conditions; the higher microwave power can increase the Cu extractable fractions; active carbon addition shortened the extraction time required to extract 80% Cu industrial sludge from 15 to 10 min. The addition of a microwave absorber, the microwave power input and the S/L ratio are the most important factors to microwave acid extraction of Cu. The results reveal that sulfuric acid was an effective extractant; Cu fraction bound to the Fe-Mn oxides was extracted. Conversely, the residue fraction remained during acid extraction.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"1822-1825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88990942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893009
Yin Li-he, Li Ying, Huang Jin-ting, Dong Jiaqiu, Wang Xiaoyong
Study on groundwater and surface water interactions is vital to the effective water resources management and aquatic eco-rehabilitation. In this study, measurements of water table and lake stage were conducted in Oigai Lake to study the interaction between groundwater and lake water. Hydrochemical data was also used as an alternative indicator to study the recharge-discharge functions of Qigai lake and groundwater. The study shows that there are two water-table configurations. In the configuration 1, groundwater recharges lake water, while in the configuration 2 groundwater received lake water input. The dynamic relation between groundwater and Qigai Lake was caused by the rapid response to the recharge and discharge events of groundwater. The findings can be used to make rational groundwater development and ecosystem protection schemes for the Ordos Plateau.
{"title":"Dynamics of interaction of groundwater and Qigai lake in the Ordos Plateau, P.R. China","authors":"Yin Li-he, Li Ying, Huang Jin-ting, Dong Jiaqiu, Wang Xiaoyong","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893009","url":null,"abstract":"Study on groundwater and surface water interactions is vital to the effective water resources management and aquatic eco-rehabilitation. In this study, measurements of water table and lake stage were conducted in Oigai Lake to study the interaction between groundwater and lake water. Hydrochemical data was also used as an alternative indicator to study the recharge-discharge functions of Qigai lake and groundwater. The study shows that there are two water-table configurations. In the configuration 1, groundwater recharges lake water, while in the configuration 2 groundwater received lake water input. The dynamic relation between groundwater and Qigai Lake was caused by the rapid response to the recharge and discharge events of groundwater. The findings can be used to make rational groundwater development and ecosystem protection schemes for the Ordos Plateau.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"319-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89081167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893037
Hao Chun-hong, C. Xi, Tan Yanqing, Pan Ying-hua
Using indoor artificial simulated rainfall, rainfall use efficiency, wetting front shape and soil moisture content were analyzed to investigate water distribution and rainwater use of interval coverage on Lou soil slope land. The results showed that with area ratio increased, under same rainfall intensity and slope, rainfall use efficiency decreased, and the maximum rainfall use efficiency of uncoveraged treatment was 58.93%. There was no significant difference in wetting front shape and the maximum depth of each treatment, and the maximum depth was 17cm, which located at the conjunction point of coverage area and infiltration area, which all were higher than that of CK. Soil profile moisture distribution of each treatment accorded to general rule, which gradually decreased from surface to deeper layer. Water content at the conjunction point was slightly higher than other points. Average soil moisture content in infiltration area decreased with area ratio increased, but they were all higher than that of CK. The results also showed that coverage measures could increase actual acceptable rainfall and soil water storage of infiltration area. But how to determine appropriate area ratio to improve rainwater use efficiency under different experimental conditions still need to be further investigated.
{"title":"Study on distribution and use of rainfall of interval coverage on Lou soil slope land","authors":"Hao Chun-hong, C. Xi, Tan Yanqing, Pan Ying-hua","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893037","url":null,"abstract":"Using indoor artificial simulated rainfall, rainfall use efficiency, wetting front shape and soil moisture content were analyzed to investigate water distribution and rainwater use of interval coverage on Lou soil slope land. The results showed that with area ratio increased, under same rainfall intensity and slope, rainfall use efficiency decreased, and the maximum rainfall use efficiency of uncoveraged treatment was 58.93%. There was no significant difference in wetting front shape and the maximum depth of each treatment, and the maximum depth was 17cm, which located at the conjunction point of coverage area and infiltration area, which all were higher than that of CK. Soil profile moisture distribution of each treatment accorded to general rule, which gradually decreased from surface to deeper layer. Water content at the conjunction point was slightly higher than other points. Average soil moisture content in infiltration area decreased with area ratio increased, but they were all higher than that of CK. The results also showed that coverage measures could increase actual acceptable rainfall and soil water storage of infiltration area. But how to determine appropriate area ratio to improve rainwater use efficiency under different experimental conditions still need to be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"40 1","pages":"434-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83133686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893668
Jianjun Yang, W. Guan, Hongrong Che
We mainly investigated the synthesis process of ionic liquids, and the parameters were optimized. By means of FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy analysis, we determined that the product synthesized was the purpose product [BMIM] [BF4]. By means of the thermal analysis for its thermal stability, we found that [BMIM][BF4] was suit to be a new reaction media for biodiesel production. Lipase catalyzed synthesis of biodiesel in [BMIM][BF4] reaction media. After 10 batches of reaction, 67.7% FAMEs yield in [BMIM][BF4] reaction media was superior to 5.5% FAMEs yield in tert-butyl alcohol reaction media.
{"title":"Study on synthesizing green reaction media for biodiesel production","authors":"Jianjun Yang, W. Guan, Hongrong Che","doi":"10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893668","url":null,"abstract":"We mainly investigated the synthesis process of ionic liquids, and the parameters were optimized. By means of FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy analysis, we determined that the product synthesized was the purpose product [BMIM] [BF4]. By means of the thermal analysis for its thermal stability, we found that [BMIM][BF4] was suit to be a new reaction media for biodiesel production. Lipase catalyzed synthesis of biodiesel in [BMIM][BF4] reaction media. After 10 batches of reaction, 67.7% FAMEs yield in [BMIM][BF4] reaction media was superior to 5.5% FAMEs yield in tert-butyl alcohol reaction media.","PeriodicalId":6425,"journal":{"name":"2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection","volume":"313 5 1","pages":"2068-2071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79618128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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