Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-39
J. Manuel Perez, C. Kaittanis
{"title":"An integrated NMR/nanosensor system for sensitive detection of environmental toxins and harmful microbes","authors":"J. Manuel Perez, C. Kaittanis","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88260924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-16
I. Eastwood, M. Jafari, E. Bergström, Erwin Dorland, D. Goodall, A. Taylor
Taxation on fuels is an incentive for crime syndicates to set up smuggling and laundering groups that extract billions of dollars from the global economy every year. This crime falls into three categories, adulteration, grade swapping and tax evasion e.g. smuggling. In order to combat these crimes Authentix has developed and installed advanced microfluidic systems to test the fuel. Our system allows efficient marker testing in-field and we have demonstrated consistent extractions under a variety of conditions. Although microfluidics drives the technical engine of the testing program, our multi-million dollar success in these areas is also related to our ability to bring about legal enforcement. This is done through wide-scale testing and control programs.
{"title":"The Use of Microfluidics to Combat Fuel Crime (Catching Mr Big with the Small)","authors":"I. Eastwood, M. Jafari, E. Bergström, Erwin Dorland, D. Goodall, A. Taylor","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-16","url":null,"abstract":"Taxation on fuels is an incentive for crime syndicates to set up smuggling and laundering groups that extract billions of dollars from the global economy every year. This crime falls into three categories, adulteration, grade swapping and tax evasion e.g. smuggling. In order to combat these crimes Authentix has developed and installed advanced microfluidic systems to test the fuel. Our system allows efficient marker testing in-field and we have demonstrated consistent extractions under a variety of conditions. Although microfluidics drives the technical engine of the testing program, our multi-million dollar success in these areas is also related to our ability to bring about legal enforcement. This is done through wide-scale testing and control programs.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86666809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Nafion/Microporous Titanosilicate Composite Membranes as Ion-Conducting Materials","authors":"S. Ryu, Jae-Deok Jeon, S. Kwak","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-29
A. Kole, M. Lean, J. Seo
The abstract proposes size and mass based separation and concentration of particles including biological agents suspended in fluidic media in a serpentine channel structure. On the curved sections of the serpentine channel, the interplay between the outward directed centrifugal force and the inward directed transverse pressure field from fluid shear allows for separation of particles. Methods currently employed for particle separation include: mechanical sieving, sedimentation, hydrodynamic chromatography, and electrophoresis. These techniques are batch processes and require large investments in equipment and set-up time for each run. This present study details a filter-less continuous process which employs flow velocity and tailored channel geometry to achieve separation and segregation of particles over a large dynamic size range which can span micro-scale to macro-scale fluid capacities.
{"title":"Serpentine Fluidic Structures for Particle Separation","authors":"A. Kole, M. Lean, J. Seo","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-29","url":null,"abstract":"The abstract proposes size and mass based separation and concentration of particles including biological agents suspended in fluidic media in a serpentine channel structure. On the curved sections of the serpentine channel, the interplay between the outward directed centrifugal force and the inward directed transverse pressure field from fluid shear allows for separation of particles. Methods currently employed for particle separation include: mechanical sieving, sedimentation, hydrodynamic chromatography, and electrophoresis. These techniques are batch processes and require large investments in equipment and set-up time for each run. This present study details a filter-less continuous process which employs flow velocity and tailored channel geometry to achieve separation and segregation of particles over a large dynamic size range which can span micro-scale to macro-scale fluid capacities.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77377734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-53
Jae-Deok Jeon, B. Lee, S. Kwak
Nafion/sb-CD membranes were prepared by mixing 5 wt% Nafion solution with H-form sulfated β-cyclodextrin (sb-CD), and their water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and ionic cluster size distribution were measured. The water uptake and IEC of the membrane increased with an increase in the sb-CD content. The SAXS experiments confirmed that an increase in the sb-CD content of the membranes shifted the maximum SAXS peaks to lower angles, indicating an increase in the cluster correlation peak. NMR cryoporometry is based on the theory of the melting point depression of a liquid confined within a pore, which is dependent on the pore diameter. The intensity-temperature (IT) curves showed that the cluster size distribution gradually became broader with an increase in the sb-CD content due to the increased water content, indicating an increase in the ionic cluster size. This result indicates that the presence of sb-CD results in increases in the cluster size as well as in the water uptake and the IEC.
{"title":"Determination of Pore Size Distribution of Nafion/Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin Composite Membranes as Studied by 1H Solid-State NMR Cryoporometry","authors":"Jae-Deok Jeon, B. Lee, S. Kwak","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-53","url":null,"abstract":"Nafion/sb-CD membranes were prepared by mixing 5 wt% Nafion solution with H-form sulfated β-cyclodextrin (sb-CD), and their water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and ionic cluster size distribution were measured. The water uptake and IEC of the membrane increased with an increase in the sb-CD content. The SAXS experiments confirmed that an increase in the sb-CD content of the membranes shifted the maximum SAXS peaks to lower angles, indicating an increase in the cluster correlation peak. NMR cryoporometry is based on the theory of the melting point depression of a liquid confined within a pore, which is dependent on the pore diameter. The intensity-temperature (IT) curves showed that the cluster size distribution gradually became broader with an increase in the sb-CD content due to the increased water content, indicating an increase in the ionic cluster size. This result indicates that the presence of sb-CD results in increases in the cluster size as well as in the water uptake and the IEC.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74248887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-25
Y. Qiang, A. Sharma, A. Paszczynski, D. Meyer
Enzymes are proteins that function as biocatalysts in bioremediation. One of the major concerns in environmental applications of enzymes is their short lifetime. Enzymes lose their activity due to oxidation, which results in less stability and a shorter lifetime thereby rendering them less efficient. An effective way to increase the stability, longevity, and reusability of the enzymes is to attach them to magnetic iron nanoparticles. If enzymes are attached to the magnetic iron nanoparticles then we can easily separate the enzymes from reactants or products by applying a magnetic field. With this aim, two different catabolic enzymes, trypsin and peroxidase, were attached to uniform core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNP’s), produced in our laboratory. Our study indicates that the lifetime and activity of enzymes increases dramatically from a few hours to weeks and that MNP-Enzyme conjugates are more stable, efficient, and economical. We predict that MNPs shield the enzymes preventing them from becoming oxidized. This results in an increased lifetime of the enzymes. Because of the high magnetization (~140 emu/g) of our MNPs, nanoparticle-enzyme conjugates can efficiently be magnetically separated, making enzymes more productive. We also found that the enzyme structure plays a major role in efficient attachment of MNPs
{"title":"Conjugates of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Enzyme for Bioremediation","authors":"Y. Qiang, A. Sharma, A. Paszczynski, D. Meyer","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-25","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are proteins that function as biocatalysts in bioremediation. One of the major concerns in environmental applications of enzymes is their short lifetime. Enzymes lose their activity due to oxidation, which results in less stability and a shorter lifetime thereby rendering them less efficient. An effective way to increase the stability, longevity, and reusability of the enzymes is to attach them to magnetic iron nanoparticles. If enzymes are attached to the magnetic iron nanoparticles then we can easily separate the enzymes from reactants or products by applying a magnetic field. With this aim, two different catabolic enzymes, trypsin and peroxidase, were attached to uniform core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNP’s), produced in our laboratory. Our study indicates that the lifetime and activity of enzymes increases dramatically from a few hours to weeks and that MNP-Enzyme conjugates are more stable, efficient, and economical. We predict that MNPs shield the enzymes preventing them from becoming oxidized. This results in an increased lifetime of the enzymes. Because of the high magnetization (~140 emu/g) of our MNPs, nanoparticle-enzyme conjugates can efficiently be magnetically separated, making enzymes more productive. We also found that the enzyme structure plays a major role in efficient attachment of MNPs","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75991557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Fecko, M. Kušnierová, M. Šafářová, V. Čablík, I. Pečtová
The objective of the paper was application of bacterial leaching on 2 brown coal samples from bore S 187 (CV) from locality Mine CSA Most. Based on the results of bacterial leaching and petrologic analyses of the given samples, it is possible to state that the individual samples are very similar, they contain significant shares of clay materials and pyrite is predominantly represented in a framboidal form, which intergrowths into a massive form. Applying bacterial leaching it is possible to remove from 32 to 38% of total sulphur and from 30 to 32% of pyritic sulphur from the coal; better results are obtained eliminating sulphate sulphur, i.e. up to 50% desulphurization.
{"title":"Bacterial Desulphurization of Brown Coals","authors":"P. Fecko, M. Kušnierová, M. Šafářová, V. Čablík, I. Pečtová","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper was application of bacterial leaching on 2 brown coal samples from bore S 187 (CV) from locality Mine CSA Most. Based on the results of bacterial leaching and petrologic analyses of the given samples, it is possible to state that the individual samples are very similar, they contain significant shares of clay materials and pyrite is predominantly represented in a framboidal form, which intergrowths into a massive form. Applying bacterial leaching it is possible to remove from 32 to 38% of total sulphur and from 30 to 32% of pyritic sulphur from the coal; better results are obtained eliminating sulphate sulphur, i.e. up to 50% desulphurization.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88096047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-57
Kranthi K. Akurati, A. Vital, F. Reifler, A. Ritter, T. Graule
BaBiO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by dissolving Ba and Bi precursors in a suitable solvent and spraying into the high temperature acetylene flame using an atomizing gas. Resulting powders were characterized by nitrogen physisorption (measuring specific surface area), x-ray diffraction (phase composition), transmission electron microscopy (size, shape and morphology of the particles), whilst UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analyzed with the KubelkaMunk function has been used to study the visible light absorption of the photocatalyst and the optical band gaps. Specific surface area of the nanoparticles has been varied by changing the flow rate of the of the precursor solution that has significant influence on the combustion enthalpy density (CED) of the flame. Rate of degradation of formaldehyde under visible light illumination (>400 nm) has been used as the measure of the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the particles whose specific surface area ranges from 5 to 50 m/g. Clear dependence of the specific surface area and crystallinity of the particles on the PCA has been observed which signifies the advantages of nanoparticles.
{"title":"Flame spray synthesis of visible light active nanocrystalline bismuth oxide based","authors":"Kranthi K. Akurati, A. Vital, F. Reifler, A. Ritter, T. Graule","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-57","url":null,"abstract":"BaBiO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by dissolving Ba and Bi precursors in a suitable solvent and spraying into the high temperature acetylene flame using an atomizing gas. Resulting powders were characterized by nitrogen physisorption (measuring specific surface area), x-ray diffraction (phase composition), transmission electron microscopy (size, shape and morphology of the particles), whilst UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analyzed with the KubelkaMunk function has been used to study the visible light absorption of the photocatalyst and the optical band gaps. Specific surface area of the nanoparticles has been varied by changing the flow rate of the of the precursor solution that has significant influence on the combustion enthalpy density (CED) of the flame. Rate of degradation of formaldehyde under visible light illumination (>400 nm) has been used as the measure of the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the particles whose specific surface area ranges from 5 to 50 m/g. Clear dependence of the specific surface area and crystallinity of the particles on the PCA has been observed which signifies the advantages of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80705373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-48
M. Allison, A. Pray, H. Drage, Phil Missimore
{"title":"Clean Tech: New Paradigms and Communications Challenges","authors":"M. Allison, A. Pray, H. Drage, Phil Missimore","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79088975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-35
C. Iuga, A. Vivier–Bunge
Heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric gases on aerosol particles may play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. However, the kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption and reaction of atmospheric gases on aerosol surfaces are not well understood. Clay particles are present in mineral dust in atmospheric aerosols, and radical reactions are thought to be heterogeneously catalyzed on them. In this work, quantum chemical methods are used to study the reaction of OH radicals with formaldehyde adsorbed on small (SiO 4)n cluster models. We show that surface adsorbed formaldehyde can react in the presence of gas phase OH radicals to yield surface-bound formyl radicals and water. With the models employed, the reaction appears to be more favored on the silicate surfaces than in the gas phase. The effect of the model surface on the reaction mechanism is analyzed.
{"title":"Theoretical Study of the Reaction between OH Radicals and Formaldehyde adsorbed on Small Silica Clusters","authors":"C. Iuga, A. Vivier–Bunge","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-35","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric gases on aerosol particles may play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. However, the kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption and reaction of atmospheric gases on aerosol surfaces are not well understood. Clay particles are present in mineral dust in atmospheric aerosols, and radical reactions are thought to be heterogeneously catalyzed on them. In this work, quantum chemical methods are used to study the reaction of OH radicals with formaldehyde adsorbed on small (SiO 4)n cluster models. We show that surface adsorbed formaldehyde can react in the presence of gas phase OH radicals to yield surface-bound formyl radicals and water. With the models employed, the reaction appears to be more favored on the silicate surfaces than in the gas phase. The effect of the model surface on the reaction mechanism is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79208262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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