Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-44
D. Forder, P. Fox
Control over the flow of heat has been a major challenge to engineers for centuries. A modern day example is a data center, where cooling accounts for 50% of the total energy costs. At the structural scale, a dark colored roof will increase the air conditioning load. Inside the building, the metal enclosures of the servers will trap and re-radiate heat internally. At a semiconductor scale, the processing power of the chips themselves is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. A new nano-chemical, developed by TAG Technologies, can impede the flow of heat through materials in one direction only. This new material can be added to almost any product to control the flow of heat, save energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Examples are presented in this paper including data centers, cool roofs, consumer goods packaging, refrigerated shipping, automotive, high voltage electrical conductors, and semi-conductors.
{"title":"Heat is the Enemy of Energy Efficiency: a Novel Material for Thermal Management","authors":"D. Forder, P. Fox","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-44","url":null,"abstract":"Control over the flow of heat has been a major challenge to engineers for centuries. A modern day example is a data center, where cooling accounts for 50% of the total energy costs. At the structural scale, a dark colored roof will increase the air conditioning load. Inside the building, the metal enclosures of the servers will trap and re-radiate heat internally. At a semiconductor scale, the processing power of the chips themselves is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. A new nano-chemical, developed by TAG Technologies, can impede the flow of heat through materials in one direction only. This new material can be added to almost any product to control the flow of heat, save energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Examples are presented in this paper including data centers, cool roofs, consumer goods packaging, refrigerated shipping, automotive, high voltage electrical conductors, and semi-conductors.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81523671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-47
B. Cinnamon
{"title":"Good Policy Makes Good Business","authors":"B. Cinnamon","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88306085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to epoxy and vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer (VYHH) coatings on their ability to protect the substrates was studied. Coatings were formulated from these resins with and without MWCNT reinforcement. Steel substrates were prepared and coated with each formulated coating and submerged in 5% NaCl solution to study effectiveness by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Optical microscopy was used to capture the progress of sample corrosion. EIS measurements showed that the addition of MWCNTs to epoxy and VYHH coatings increased their charge transfer resistance in comparison with the neat coatings. This is an indication of the enhanced corrosion protection of the nanocoatings.
{"title":"Evaluation of Nanostructured Polymeric Coatings for Steel Corrosion Protection","authors":"A. Aglan, A. Ludwick, M. Reeves","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-8","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to epoxy and vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer (VYHH) coatings on their ability to protect the substrates was studied. Coatings were formulated from these resins with and without MWCNT reinforcement. Steel substrates were prepared and coated with each formulated coating and submerged in 5% NaCl solution to study effectiveness by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Optical microscopy was used to capture the progress of sample corrosion. EIS measurements showed that the addition of MWCNTs to epoxy and VYHH coatings increased their charge transfer resistance in comparison with the neat coatings. This is an indication of the enhanced corrosion protection of the nanocoatings.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82650130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-46
J. Ostafi, D. Sereno
The greatest challenges facing our world today are the need to reduce the pollutants entering our atmosphere AND the need to create fuels that can support our expanding global economies. The opportunity to support cutting-edge research on both challenges in one facility is truly inspiring. That is the basic premise behind the New York State The creation of working environments to support complex science while mitigating the impact of the facility on the natural environment has never been as important as it is today. The challenge of designing a laboratory for the science of fuels optimization and emissions reduction, while reducing overall energy consumption has yielded results surpassing the goals of the State of New York, setting them on a path to a ground-breaking new science facility.
{"title":"Designing Today’s CleanTech Research Facility: Sustainable, Highly Technical Architectural and Engineering Design Applied to the New York State Alternative Fuel Vehicle Research Laboratory (AFVRL)","authors":"J. Ostafi, D. Sereno","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-46","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest challenges facing our world today are the need to reduce the pollutants entering our atmosphere AND the need to create fuels that can support our expanding global economies. The opportunity to support cutting-edge research on both challenges in one facility is truly inspiring. That is the basic premise behind the New York State The creation of working environments to support complex science while mitigating the impact of the facility on the natural environment has never been as important as it is today. The challenge of designing a laboratory for the science of fuels optimization and emissions reduction, while reducing overall energy consumption has yielded results surpassing the goals of the State of New York, setting them on a path to a ground-breaking new science facility.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76234212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-36
M. Nero, B. Tran
{"title":"An investigation of natural nano-particles for cleaning","authors":"M. Nero, B. Tran","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78042643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-17
V. Rawat, T. Sands
TiN-GaN multilayers were grown for potential application as solid-state thermionic direct energy conversion devices using reactive pulsed laser deposition in an ammonia ambient. The crystallographic analysis of the multilayers by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and crosssectional TEM revealed that, despite the difference in crystal structures of TiN and GaN, it was possible to grow thick uniaxially textured columnar-grained multilayers. Inplane electronic transport was assessed using Hall effect and Seebeck coefficient measurements. Thermal conductivity measurements have shown that by increasing the interface density, the cross-plane thermal conductivity of the multilayers can be reduced to 3.6 W/m-K, compared to 135 W/mK for bulk GaN and 38 W/mK for bulk TiN.
{"title":"TiN/GaN Metal/Semiconductor Multilayers for Thermionic Energy Conversion","authors":"V. Rawat, T. Sands","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-17","url":null,"abstract":"TiN-GaN multilayers were grown for potential application as solid-state thermionic direct energy conversion devices using reactive pulsed laser deposition in an ammonia ambient. The crystallographic analysis of the multilayers by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and crosssectional TEM revealed that, despite the difference in crystal structures of TiN and GaN, it was possible to grow thick uniaxially textured columnar-grained multilayers. Inplane electronic transport was assessed using Hall effect and Seebeck coefficient measurements. Thermal conductivity measurements have shown that by increasing the interface density, the cross-plane thermal conductivity of the multilayers can be reduced to 3.6 W/m-K, compared to 135 W/mK for bulk GaN and 38 W/mK for bulk TiN.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75236976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-60
E. Titus, G. Cabral, J. C. Madaleno, M. Coelho, T. Shokuhfar, J. Gracio
Nanocomposites of polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating and progressing area of hydrogen storage research. The dispersion of the CNTs in polymer matrices is an important issue while making the nanocomposites. In-situ polymerization is a better approach for synthesizing homogeneous polymer CNT composites. However, the dispersion of CNT in the monomer solution is still problematic. In this paper, we report a novel approach for dispersing multiwalled (MW) CNTs directly into polyaniline (PANI)/ ethyl alcohol solution and preparation of uniform composite of PANI/MWCNT with the aid of nickel catalyst. The possibility of the preparation of uniform PANI/CNT suspension retaining the structure of both PANI and CNT is successfully demonstrated for the first time.
{"title":"Development of a novel material for hydrogen storage","authors":"E. Titus, G. Cabral, J. C. Madaleno, M. Coelho, T. Shokuhfar, J. Gracio","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-60","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposites of polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating and progressing area of hydrogen storage research. The dispersion of the CNTs in polymer matrices is an important issue while making the nanocomposites. In-situ polymerization is a better approach for synthesizing homogeneous polymer CNT composites. However, the dispersion of CNT in the monomer solution is still problematic. In this paper, we report a novel approach for dispersing multiwalled (MW) CNTs directly into polyaniline (PANI)/ ethyl alcohol solution and preparation of uniform composite of PANI/MWCNT with the aid of nickel catalyst. The possibility of the preparation of uniform PANI/CNT suspension retaining the structure of both PANI and CNT is successfully demonstrated for the first time.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81033640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Anitescu, A. Deshpande, P. A. Rice, L. Tavlarides
A multi-step integrated technology to produce vegetable oils and biodiesel (BD) is proposed, documented for technical and economic feasibility, and preliminarily designed. The 1 step consists of soybean oil extraction with supercritical (SC) fluids. The 2 step is designated to transform the soybean oil into BD by transesterification (TE) with SC methanol/ethanol. The degradation of glycerol to light fuel products makes this method simple and cost effective by eliminating costly glycerol separation steps. Part of the BD is in-situ consumed by a diesel engine which, in turn, provides the mechanical power to pressurize the system as well as the heat of the exhaust gases for the extraction and TE steps. Different versions of this system can be implemented based on the main target: oil and BD production or diesel engine applications. The efficiency of the combustion and cleaner emissions render the proposed technology attractive for the transportation sector with only TE step needed to provide fuels to engines.
{"title":"Integrated Multistage Supercritical Technology to Produce High Quality Vegetable Oils and Biofuels","authors":"G. Anitescu, A. Deshpande, P. A. Rice, L. Tavlarides","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-5","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-step integrated technology to produce vegetable oils and biodiesel (BD) is proposed, documented for technical and economic feasibility, and preliminarily designed. The 1 step consists of soybean oil extraction with supercritical (SC) fluids. The 2 step is designated to transform the soybean oil into BD by transesterification (TE) with SC methanol/ethanol. The degradation of glycerol to light fuel products makes this method simple and cost effective by eliminating costly glycerol separation steps. Part of the BD is in-situ consumed by a diesel engine which, in turn, provides the mechanical power to pressurize the system as well as the heat of the exhaust gases for the extraction and TE steps. Different versions of this system can be implemented based on the main target: oil and BD production or diesel engine applications. The efficiency of the combustion and cleaner emissions render the proposed technology attractive for the transportation sector with only TE step needed to provide fuels to engines.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84953425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-23
T. Gerdes, M. Willert-Porada
The development of a SiC-carbide based filter that combines a low pressure drop due to a graded pore structure with high filtration performance ascribed to different filtration mechanism is presented. The processing route is based on carbon paper/carbon black composites with graded porosity. By microwave assisted chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) the composite is coated with silicon and partially carbidized in a way, that the oxidation resistivity of the obtained SiC is combined with the good mechanical strength of the remaining carbon fiber core. To reduce the soot removal temperature during operation, the material is coated with a Platinum/TiO2catalyst.
{"title":"Development of Functionally Graded SiC-Based Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Filter","authors":"T. Gerdes, M. Willert-Porada","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-23","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a SiC-carbide based filter that combines a low pressure drop due to a graded pore structure with high filtration performance ascribed to different filtration mechanism is presented. The processing route is based on carbon paper/carbon black composites with graded porosity. By microwave assisted chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) the composite is coated with silicon and partially carbidized in a way, that the oxidation resistivity of the obtained SiC is combined with the good mechanical strength of the remaining carbon fiber core. To reduce the soot removal temperature during operation, the material is coated with a Platinum/TiO2catalyst.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80936976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-20
K. C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, S. T. Do, T. Doan, A. T. Nguyen, T. V. Le, T. T. Nguyen
In the previous study [1], we reported the achievement of nano scale particles of carbon black by multiple diazo coupling of specific anchor groups having electrolytic functionality onto the same material. As a result, the pseudo products called as the liquid nano carbon (LNC) having average particle size down to the range between 20-30nm, can be isolated by water flush. It is discovered in the present study that the electrolytic groups is the main cause for the significant reduction of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black raw material and believed due to the enhanced proton transport efficiency associated with the electrolytic chemistry. We reported here, a novel type of proton transport material comprised of LNC embedded in a polymer matrix to form proton conducting nano composite. The LNC proves stable nano scale [1] in aqueous environment and the nano composit demonstrated excellent film forming properties with a wide range of binders, especially, aqueous emulsion polymers and highly cross linking polymers. The nano composite also exhibits the excellent uniformity of membrane with well known coating process such as dip coating, spin coating, spray coating, roll coating, blade coating, rod coating, brush painting , inkjet printing.... It is found that the nano composite shows stabilization of DTA/TG data curve over that of the single LNC itself. The nano composite also exhibits remarkable thermal stability over wide range of temperature up to 350C in the ambient environment compared to the Nafion 117, a well known proton exchange membrane (PEM) material in the PEM fuel cell [2] market. In fact, in a PEMFC configuration, the nano composite PEM shows higher current density and 2X higher power efficiency than that of Nafion 117. The PEMFC using LNC nano composite PEM also exhibits superior shelf life exceeding 3.5 months when an aqueous methanol liquid fuel system is continuously fed.
{"title":"Novel Electrolyte Membrane for Fuel Cell Utilizing Nano Composite","authors":"K. C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, S. T. Do, T. Doan, A. T. Nguyen, T. V. Le, T. T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous study [1], we reported the achievement of nano scale particles of carbon black by multiple diazo coupling of specific anchor groups having electrolytic functionality onto the same material. As a result, the pseudo products called as the liquid nano carbon (LNC) having average particle size down to the range between 20-30nm, can be isolated by water flush. It is discovered in the present study that the electrolytic groups is the main cause for the significant reduction of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black raw material and believed due to the enhanced proton transport efficiency associated with the electrolytic chemistry. We reported here, a novel type of proton transport material comprised of LNC embedded in a polymer matrix to form proton conducting nano composite. The LNC proves stable nano scale [1] in aqueous environment and the nano composit demonstrated excellent film forming properties with a wide range of binders, especially, aqueous emulsion polymers and highly cross linking polymers. The nano composite also exhibits the excellent uniformity of membrane with well known coating process such as dip coating, spin coating, spray coating, roll coating, blade coating, rod coating, brush painting , inkjet printing.... It is found that the nano composite shows stabilization of DTA/TG data curve over that of the single LNC itself. The nano composite also exhibits remarkable thermal stability over wide range of temperature up to 350C in the ambient environment compared to the Nafion 117, a well known proton exchange membrane (PEM) material in the PEM fuel cell [2] market. In fact, in a PEMFC configuration, the nano composite PEM shows higher current density and 2X higher power efficiency than that of Nafion 117. The PEMFC using LNC nano composite PEM also exhibits superior shelf life exceeding 3.5 months when an aqueous methanol liquid fuel system is continuously fed.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76278351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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