Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-13
M. S. Akhtar, Ji-min Chun, Hyun-Chul Lee, Ki-Ju Kim, O. Yang
PEG for solid electrolyte and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells M. Shaheer Akhtar, Ji-min Chun, Hyun-Chul Lee, Ki-Ju Kim and O-Bong Yang School of the Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju Abstract In this paper, we were prepared a highly cross linked polymer with poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) in presence of inorganic salts by chemical method and used as polymer electrolyte with the addition of iodide couple. This electrolyte is showing ambient ionic conductivity of 2.35 mS/cm, it is comparably well high to reported electrolyte. Solid state dye sensitized solar were fabricated with this polymer electrolyte and achieved an open circuit voltage of 0.616 volt, short circuit current of 8.96 mA/cm and over all conversion efficiency of about 3% under light intensity of 100mW/cm.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a highly cross linked PEGME and PEG for solid electrolyte and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"M. S. Akhtar, Ji-min Chun, Hyun-Chul Lee, Ki-Ju Kim, O. Yang","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-13","url":null,"abstract":"PEG for solid electrolyte and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells M. Shaheer Akhtar, Ji-min Chun, Hyun-Chul Lee, Ki-Ju Kim and O-Bong Yang School of the Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju Abstract In this paper, we were prepared a highly cross linked polymer with poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) in presence of inorganic salts by chemical method and used as polymer electrolyte with the addition of iodide couple. This electrolyte is showing ambient ionic conductivity of 2.35 mS/cm, it is comparably well high to reported electrolyte. Solid state dye sensitized solar were fabricated with this polymer electrolyte and achieved an open circuit voltage of 0.616 volt, short circuit current of 8.96 mA/cm and over all conversion efficiency of about 3% under light intensity of 100mW/cm.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82481329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-22
C. Cavallotti, D. Moscatelli, S. Carrà
{"title":"Influence of His-195 on the nitrogenase FeMo-cofactor activity","authors":"C. Cavallotti, D. Moscatelli, S. Carrà","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87539301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-55
T. Dermis, S. Mayavan, N. Dutta, N. Choudhury, S. Holdcroft
A simple method for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs ) using a fluorinated block copolymer is proposed. In this method, platinum NPs were introduced, via a reducti on method, into a poly(vinylidene difluoride cohexafluoropropylene) b poly(methyl methacrylate) P((VDF-co-HFP)-b-PMMA) copolymer matrix. NP dispersion was characterized using transmission ele ctron microscopy (TEM) coupled with an energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) device for spectroscopic analysis, indicating whether NPs were selectively bound to one of the tw o phase separated copolymer blocks. Ultimately, explo itati n of this technology would be a major advantage in th e fuel cell market, specifically as the catalytic electrod es of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
{"title":"Block Copolymer Directed Nanoparticle for Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"T. Dermis, S. Mayavan, N. Dutta, N. Choudhury, S. Holdcroft","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-55","url":null,"abstract":"A simple method for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs ) using a fluorinated block copolymer is proposed. In this method, platinum NPs were introduced, via a reducti on method, into a poly(vinylidene difluoride cohexafluoropropylene) b poly(methyl methacrylate) P((VDF-co-HFP)-b-PMMA) copolymer matrix. NP dispersion was characterized using transmission ele ctron microscopy (TEM) coupled with an energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) device for spectroscopic analysis, indicating whether NPs were selectively bound to one of the tw o phase separated copolymer blocks. Ultimately, explo itati n of this technology would be a major advantage in th e fuel cell market, specifically as the catalytic electrod es of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86493617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-52
David E. Moilanen, I. Piletic, M. Fayer
{"title":"Dynamics of Water in Nation Fuel Cell Membranes: the Effects of Confinement and Structural Changes on the Hydrogen Bonding Network","authors":"David E. Moilanen, I. Piletic, M. Fayer","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88180236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-50
G. Goncher, L. Noice, R. Solanki
{"title":"Bulk Heteroj unction Organic-Inorganic Photovoltaic Cell Based on Doped Silicon Nanowires","authors":"G. Goncher, L. Noice, R. Solanki","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75603848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-27
A. S. Santos, J. Agnelli, E. Medeiros, E. Corradini, S. Manrich
The closed-loop recycling of PET bottles has to prove its ability to decontaminate recycled plastics into a level that offers a negligible risk to public health and does not compromise the organoleptic properties of packed foods. Our previous work [1] resulted in a new bottle-to-bottle process that employs dry air atmosphere under ideal mass and heat transfer conditions to remove contaminants from polymer matrix. The experimental results showed that dry air was able to increase the productivity of PET super-clean technologies, based on solid-state polymerization processes (SSP). In this work we have evaluated the difference in desorption rate of model contaminants from recycled PET in dry air and nitrogen atmosphere by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, it was investigated if sample exposed to synthetic air and nitrogen atmosphere during the thermogravimetric analysis presented any difference in their thermal properties. According to the results obtained in this work, the thermogravimetric analysis was not sensitive to detect difference in the rate of contaminant desorption from PET in synthetic air and in nitrogen atmosphere and any evidence of interaction between PET matrix and exposed atmosphere has not been observed by DSC analysis.
{"title":"Desorption studies of model contaminants from recycled PET in dry air and nitrogen atmosphere by thermogravimetric analysis","authors":"A. S. Santos, J. Agnelli, E. Medeiros, E. Corradini, S. Manrich","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-27","url":null,"abstract":"The closed-loop recycling of PET bottles has to prove its ability to decontaminate recycled plastics into a level that offers a negligible risk to public health and does not compromise the organoleptic properties of packed foods. Our previous work [1] resulted in a new bottle-to-bottle process that employs dry air atmosphere under ideal mass and heat transfer conditions to remove contaminants from polymer matrix. The experimental results showed that dry air was able to increase the productivity of PET super-clean technologies, based on solid-state polymerization processes (SSP). In this work we have evaluated the difference in desorption rate of model contaminants from recycled PET in dry air and nitrogen atmosphere by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, it was investigated if sample exposed to synthetic air and nitrogen atmosphere during the thermogravimetric analysis presented any difference in their thermal properties. According to the results obtained in this work, the thermogravimetric analysis was not sensitive to detect difference in the rate of contaminant desorption from PET in synthetic air and in nitrogen atmosphere and any evidence of interaction between PET matrix and exposed atmosphere has not been observed by DSC analysis.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88695432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-61
J.L. Zunino III
{"title":"Active Coatings Technologies for Customized Military Coating Systems","authors":"J.L. Zunino III","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-28
A. Rosin, T. Gerdes, M. Willert-Porada
Within the European project "New Safe and Cost Effective Techniques Against Asbestos Risks" different methods for decontamination of asbestos in asbestos containing wastes, abbreviated as ACW from building industry were investigated. A mobile asbestos decontamination unit was developed, aiming at the complete disintegration of asbestos fibres on-site. The process is based on a chemo-thermal treatment. Disintegration of fibres is achieved by addition of chemical reactants at temperatures of 300 to 500 °C. Heating is performed by a combination of microwave and infra-red heating devices. Microscopic and phase analysis show a complete destruction of asbestos fibres.
{"title":"Mobile Asbestos Decontamination By Microwave Hybrid Heating","authors":"A. Rosin, T. Gerdes, M. Willert-Porada","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-28","url":null,"abstract":"Within the European project \"New Safe and Cost Effective Techniques Against Asbestos Risks\" different methods for decontamination of asbestos in asbestos containing wastes, abbreviated as ACW from building industry were investigated. A mobile asbestos decontamination unit was developed, aiming at the complete disintegration of asbestos fibres on-site. The process is based on a chemo-thermal treatment. Disintegration of fibres is achieved by addition of chemical reactants at temperatures of 300 to 500 °C. Heating is performed by a combination of microwave and infra-red heating devices. Microscopic and phase analysis show a complete destruction of asbestos fibres.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88188144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-15
J. Stringer, R. H. Richman
Within the next 25 years, the electric power utility system in the U.S. will face a number of serious challenges. These will include issues related to diminishing supplies and increased costs of fossil fuels, the demands for a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases, an increasing requirement for distributed generation and its integration into the grid system; and an increased demand for “digital quality power”. Digital devices are highly sensitive to the slightest fluctuations in power supplies, and it is expected that 30% or more of the demand in 2025 will be for power capable of meeting this requirement. Nanotechnology offers possible solutions to these challenges; and some of these are discussed here. While some of these developments are evolutionary in character, based on the improvement of technologies that are currently in research and early development, the magnitude of the problems suggest a need for what have been called “disruptive technologies” and these are also discussed here.
{"title":"Nanotechnology – Disruptive Technologies for Electric Utility Systems. Challenges and Opportunities.","authors":"J. Stringer, R. H. Richman","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-15","url":null,"abstract":"Within the next 25 years, the electric power utility system in the U.S. will face a number of serious challenges. These will include issues related to diminishing supplies and increased costs of fossil fuels, the demands for a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases, an increasing requirement for distributed generation and its integration into the grid system; and an increased demand for “digital quality power”. Digital devices are highly sensitive to the slightest fluctuations in power supplies, and it is expected that 30% or more of the demand in 2025 will be for power capable of meeting this requirement. Nanotechnology offers possible solutions to these challenges; and some of these are discussed here. While some of these developments are evolutionary in character, based on the improvement of technologies that are currently in research and early development, the magnitude of the problems suggest a need for what have been called “disruptive technologies” and these are also discussed here.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82359791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-34
H. Yoo, S. Kim, A. Lee, S. Kwak
TiO2 nanoparticle-encapsulating poly(vinyl chloride) (TEPVC) was combusted in a well-controlled laboratoryscale incinerator at a temperature of 700 °C, and then dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar-PCBs) formed in the exhaust gases were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). TEPVC sample was prepared by the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) with the 1.0wt% of surface modified amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles based on the VCM weight reported in our previous study [1]. TEPVC shows valuable dioxin inhibition property due to the enhanced dispersibility of TiO2 nanoparticles by encapsulation. Dioxin emission from TEPVC combustion was suppressed at the efficiencies of 39~82% by 0.926 wt% of encapsulated amorphous TiO2 in TEPVC compared to conventional PVC.
{"title":"Characterization on Dioxin Emission of TiO2 Nanoparticle-Encapsulating Poly(vinyl chloride) (TEPVC) compared to conventional PVC","authors":"H. Yoo, S. Kim, A. Lee, S. Kwak","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-34","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 nanoparticle-encapsulating poly(vinyl chloride) (TEPVC) was combusted in a well-controlled laboratoryscale incinerator at a temperature of 700 °C, and then dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar-PCBs) formed in the exhaust gases were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). TEPVC sample was prepared by the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) with the 1.0wt% of surface modified amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles based on the VCM weight reported in our previous study [1]. TEPVC shows valuable dioxin inhibition property due to the enhanced dispersibility of TiO2 nanoparticles by encapsulation. Dioxin emission from TEPVC combustion was suppressed at the efficiencies of 39~82% by 0.926 wt% of encapsulated amorphous TiO2 in TEPVC compared to conventional PVC.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84125975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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