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2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007最新文献

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Biosensor for heavy metals using hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods and metal-binding peptides 利用水热生长ZnO纳米棒和金属结合肽的重金属生物传感器
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-78
W. Jia, E. Reitz, Y. Lei
We report herein a biosensor for the determination of heavy metals based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods and metal-binding peptides. Metal binding peptide is immobilized on ZnO nanorods through nonspecific binding. Peptide binding with heavy metal ion causes the electrical signal change, which measured and correlated to the concentration of heavy metals. The sensor performance will be optimized with respect to the operating conditions. The new biosensor format will offer great promise for real-time environmental monitoring of heavy metals.
本文报道了一种基于水热生长ZnO纳米棒和金属结合肽的重金属测定生物传感器。通过非特异性结合将金属结合肽固定在ZnO纳米棒上。肽与重金属离子结合引起电信号的变化,这种变化与重金属的浓度有关。传感器性能将根据操作条件进行优化。新的生物传感器格式将为重金属的实时环境监测提供巨大的希望。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in the Supercritical Water Hydrothermal Synthesis (scWHS) of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 超临界水热合成金属氧化物纳米颗粒的研究进展
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-65
E. Lester, P. Blood, Jun Li, M. Poliakoff
Supercritical Water Hydrothermal Synthesis (scWHS) is a relatively simple and environmentally friendly process for the production of potentially valuable metal oxide nanoparticles. Previous problems with blockages forming in the original T piece reactor were overcome by redesigning the reactor using image analysis and computational fluid dynamics. An optimised reactor, termed the Nozzle Reactor, has been developed which can be run continuously and is able to produce a range of different metal particles including titania, ceria, zirconia, copper oxide, YAG, hematite, magnetite and silver. The reactor also shows a dramatic improvement in process reproducibility (± 5m 2 /g for BET surface area) and in control of particle size. Preliminary evidence suggests that the reactor could eventually lead to the ability to good control of particle properties, such as size, composition and shape, through the manipulation of process variables.
超临界水热合成(scWHS)是一种相对简单和环保的工艺,用于生产具有潜在价值的金属氧化物纳米颗粒。利用图像分析和计算流体力学对T片反应器进行了重新设计,克服了原有反应器中存在的堵塞问题。一种被称为喷嘴反应器的优化反应器已经被开发出来,它可以连续运行,并且能够生产一系列不同的金属颗粒,包括二氧化钛、二氧化铈、氧化锆、氧化铜、钇铝石榴石、赤铁矿、磁铁矿和银。该反应器还显示出在过程重现性(±5m 2 /g的BET表面积)和控制粒度方面的显着改善。初步证据表明,该反应器最终可以通过对工艺变量的操纵,很好地控制颗粒的性质,如大小、组成和形状。
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引用次数: 1
Nanoparticles Formed by Complexation of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid and Lead Ions 聚γ-谷氨酸与铅离子络合形成的纳米颗粒
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-58
M. Bodnár, A. Kjøniksen, J. Hartmann, L. Daroczi, B. Nyström, J. Borbély
The present investigation describes the preparation and characterization of novel biodegradable nanoparticles based on complexation of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) with bivalent lead ions. The prepared nanosystems were stable in aqueous media at low pH, neutral and mild alkaline conditions. The solubility and size of these nanoparticles in the dried and swollen states will be described and discussed. The correlation of size of particles, pH of the solutions, concentration and the ratio of compound polyelectrolytes have been studied. It was found, that the size of individual particles was in the range of 40-100 nm measured by TEM. The low and high pH values in mixtures with high concentrations of γ-PGA and Pb ions favored the growth of large complexes. The γ-PGA nanoparticles, which are from a biodegradable biomaterial with high flocculating and heavy metal binding activity, may be useful for various water treatment applications in aqueous media.
本研究描述了一种新型可生物降解纳米粒子的制备和表征,该纳米粒子是基于多γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)与二价铅离子的络合。制备的纳米体系在低pH、中性和温和碱性条件下均稳定存在。这些纳米颗粒在干燥和膨胀状态下的溶解度和大小将被描述和讨论。研究了颗粒大小、溶液pH值、浓度和复合电解质配比的关系。结果表明,透射电镜测得的单个颗粒尺寸在40 ~ 100 nm之间。在高pH和低pH浓度的γ-PGA和Pb离子混合物中,有利于大型配合物的生长。γ-PGA纳米颗粒是由具有高絮凝性和重金属结合活性的可生物降解生物材料制备而成,可用于各种水介质的水处理。
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引用次数: 2
Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC) in Ohio 光伏创新和商业化(PVIC)在俄亥俄州
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-49
D. Giolando, R. Collins, Robert J. Davis
Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC) was funded to strengthen the photovoltaics research and manufacturing base. Activities aim to eliminate market barriers faced by companies in the photovoltaics sector. Companies active in the photovoltaics industry, from those researching advanced materials development to those installing energy producing devices, advise and coordinate PVIC members. For maximum impact on increasing production efficiency and lowering costs, PVIC takes a vertically integrated approach from research in advanced materials to the fabrication of production-scale modules, to issues related to installation, and finally to aspects of customer acceptance. Collaborators in PVIC possess knowledge of how to overcome real-life problems arising in connecting a module to the electric grid and how to obtain customer support for building integrated PV designs. Companies along the entire value chain have been brought into PVIC.
光伏创新与商业化项目(PVIC)得到资助,以加强光伏研究和制造基地。这些活动旨在消除光伏行业公司面临的市场壁垒。活跃在光伏行业的公司,从研究先进材料开发到安装能源生产设备,为PVIC成员提供咨询和协调。为了最大限度地提高生产效率和降低成本,PVIC采用垂直整合的方法,从先进材料的研究到生产规模模块的制造,再到与安装相关的问题,最后到客户接受的各个方面。PVIC的合作伙伴拥有如何克服将模块连接到电网中出现的实际问题的知识,以及如何获得客户支持以构建集成光伏设计。整个价值链上的公司都被纳入了PVIC。
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引用次数: 0
Wireless Micro and Nano Sensors for Physiological and Environmental Monitoring 用于生理和环境监测的无线微纳米传感器
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-86
B. Kaminska
A practical implementation of a wearable physiological and environmental monitoring system is presented. The technical requirements for wearable electronics and sensors are analyzed. A proposed system includes micro and nano device design, wireless network based on TCP/IP protocol and software application. The result samples from monitoring in ambulatory environment are discussed.
介绍了一种可穿戴式生理与环境监测系统的实际实现。分析了可穿戴电子器件和传感器的技术要求。该系统包括微纳器件设计、基于TCP/IP协议的无线网络和软件应用。讨论了在流动环境下的监测结果。
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引用次数: 0
Monometallic nano-catalysts for the reduction of perchlorate in water 还原水中高氯酸盐的单金属纳米催化剂
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-66
D. M. Wang, H. Lin, C. Huang
Perchlorate removal in a clean, cost-effective and publicly acceptable approach is one of the important issues in current drinking water treatment practice. Catalytic membrane (CM) was prepared by coating monometallic catalysts of the nano-size onto supports by chemical or electrochemical method. The support materials were stainless steel and graphite. Nano-catalysts were made of transitional metals from the first, the second and the third row of the periodic table. The CM was characterized by surface analysis techniques including SEM, XPS and BET. The CM was used as cathode where the reduction of perchlorate occurred through hydrogen atoms that were generated on the CM surface. All experiments were performed at ambient conditions. It was found that for the first time perchlorate could be reduced readily by hydrogen atoms in the presence of catalyst. At a maximum perchlorate concentration of 100 mg/L, it is possible to achieve a > 90% removal in 8 h using nano-catalysts such as Sn, Ti, and Co. The rate constants were between 5.1 and 9.6 μM-L -1 -hr -1 among the 18 different monometallic nanocatalysts tested. Chloride was the major end product, whereas a small quantity of chlorite was observed in the presence of Co catalyst. Membrane coated with metallic nano-catalysts at different mass showed different reduction rate, e.g., the optimum surface coverage for Sn was 0.6 to 0.7 mg per gram stainless steel membrane.
以清洁、经济、可接受的方法去除高氯酸盐是当前饮用水处理实践中的重要问题之一。采用化学或电化学方法将纳米尺度的单金属催化剂涂覆在载体上,制备了催化膜。支撑材料为不锈钢和石墨。纳米催化剂由元素周期表第一、第二和第三行过渡金属制成。采用SEM、XPS和BET等表面分析技术对其进行表征。CM用作阴极,高氯酸盐通过CM表面生成的氢原子进行还原。所有实验均在环境条件下进行。研究首次发现,高氯酸盐在催化剂的作用下容易被氢原子还原。在高氯酸盐最大浓度为100 mg/L的条件下,采用Sn、Ti、Co等纳米催化剂可在8 h内达到> ~ 90%的去除率。18种不同的单金属纳米催化剂的速率常数在5.1 ~ 9.6 μM-L -1 -hr -1之间。氯化物是主要的最终产物,而在Co催化剂存在下观察到少量亚氯酸盐。不同质量的金属纳米催化剂对膜的还原率不同,不锈钢膜对Sn的最佳表面覆盖率为0.6 ~ 0.7 mg / g。
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引用次数: 0
Biofilm Based Microbial Fuel Cell 基于生物膜的微生物燃料电池
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-56
M. Willert-Porada, Katrin Lorenz, R. Freitag, V. Jérôme, Stefan Pfeiffer
Biofilms of natural anaerobic microbial consortia externally grown on Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDL) in a bioreactor, were investigated within a MembraneElectrode-Assembly with respect to lifetime and electricity production upon variation of biodegradable materials with an oxygen demand of 1000mg/l as simulated waste water. A remarkable differentiation and plasticity of the films is observed, to resist the toxicity of 0.5 mg/cm2 Pt used on the inner side of the anode for smooth hydrogen combustion and to recover bioactivity upon alteration of the biodegradable material. Such robust biofilms are intended to provide a new technology for water purification and electricity production from industrial and community wastewater.
在模拟废水中需氧量为1000mg/l的可生物降解材料的变化情况下,研究了在生物反应器中气体扩散电极(GDL)上生长的天然厌氧微生物群落的生物膜的寿命和发电量。观察到薄膜的显著分化和可塑性,以抵抗用于阳极内侧的0.5 mg/cm2铂的毒性,以实现平稳的氢燃烧,并在改变可生物降解材料后恢复生物活性。这种强大的生物膜旨在为工业和社区废水的水净化和发电提供一种新技术。
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引用次数: 0
Pt and Pt-Ru/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Synthesized in Supercritical Fluid as Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells 超临界流体制备Pt及Pt- ru /碳纳米管复合材料作为低温燃料电池电催化剂
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-18
Yuehe Lin, Xiaoli Cui, Jun Wang, C. Yen, C. Wai
In recent years, the use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) for the synthesis and processing of nanomaterials has proven to be a rapid, direct, and clean approach to develop nanomaterials and nanocomposites. The application of supercritical fluid technology can result in products (and processes) that are cleaner, less expensive, and of higher quality than those that are produced using conventional technologies and solvents. In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported Pt and PtRu nanoparticles catalysts have been synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The experimental results demonstrate that Pt, Pt-Ru/CNT nanocomposites synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide are effective electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells.
近年来,利用超临界流体(SCFs)合成和加工纳米材料已被证明是开发纳米材料和纳米复合材料的一种快速、直接和清洁的方法。与使用传统技术和溶剂生产的产品相比,超临界流体技术的应用可以产生更清洁、更便宜和更高质量的产品(和工艺)。在超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)中合成了碳纳米管(CNT)负载的Pt和PtRu纳米催化剂。实验结果表明,在超临界二氧化碳中合成的Pt、Pt- ru /CNT纳米复合材料是低温燃料电池的有效电催化剂。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Surface Hydration and Interfusion of Suspended Silica Nanoparticles on Heat Transfer 悬浮二氧化硅纳米颗粒的表面水化和互渗对传热的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-7
Denitsa Milanova, Xuan Wu, Ranganathan Kumar
Experimental results of silica nanofluids consisting of 10nm or 20nm silica particles have been performed. Particle size, zeta potential and the CHF values under different volume concentrations are provided, and agglomeration structures are seen to affect the critical heat flux of NiChrome wire immersed in a pool of water. The critical heat flux (CHF) of the wire does not increase monotonically with concentration. CHF decreases when particle concentration is increased depending on the particle shape and the hydroxylated surface of the nanoparticles.
对由10nm和20nm二氧化硅颗粒组成的二氧化硅纳米流体进行了实验研究。给出了不同体积浓度下镍铬合金丝的粒径、zeta电位和CHF值,发现团聚结构对镍铬合金丝浸入水中的临界热流密度有影响。金属丝的临界热流密度(CHF)不随浓度单调增加。当颗粒浓度增加时,CHF降低,这取决于颗粒形状和纳米颗粒的羟基化表面。
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引用次数: 0
Nano-Hetero Structure for direct energy conversion 用于直接能量转换的纳米异质结构
Pub Date : 2007-05-20 DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-14
L. Popa-Simil
The direct conversion of nuclear energy becomes possible in hetero-nanostructures. To convert the kinetic energy of the fission product into electricity it has to be created a nanostructure formed from a repetitive conductorinsulator structure generically called “CIci”.Its operation is based on the difference of electron shower intensity between the two conducting materials which makes that the electrons generated in the first conductor to pass through insulator and absorb in the second conductor, while this one producing a very small shower to pass in the next conductor so the conductors are polarizing. The conversion efficiency of such structures may be higher than 80%, and can be improved by quantum effects. To deliver the harvested energy outside the reactor zone a cascade of DC/AC and AC/AC micro converters have to be added at short distances inside. Because the fission energy transforms into electricity there is less energy left for heating the structure so the reactor will run cold. If superconductor structures is used the DC/AC converter may be achieved by using a SQUID Josephson junction. The direct nuclear energy conversion removes the actual thermo-mechanic devices with associated heat exchangers with higher efficiency, transforming the nuclear reactor into a solid-state electricity generator.
在异质纳米结构中,核能的直接转化成为可能。为了将裂变产物的动能转化为电能,必须创造一种由重复导体-绝缘体结构形成的纳米结构,这种结构通常被称为“CIci”。它的工作原理是基于两种导电材料之间的电子阵雨强度的差异,这使得在第一个导体中产生的电子通过绝缘体并吸收到第二个导体中,而这个导体产生很小的阵雨通过下一个导体,所以导体是极化的。这种结构的转换效率可能高于80%,并且可以通过量子效应来提高。为了将收集到的能量输送到反应堆区域外,必须在反应堆内部短距离处增加直流/交流和交流/交流微型转换器的级联。因为裂变能转化成电能,所以用来加热结构的能量就少了,这样反应堆就会变冷。如果使用超导体结构,则可以通过使用SQUID约瑟夫森结来实现DC/AC变换器。核能直接转换省去了实际的热机装置和相关的热交换器,效率更高,将核反应堆转变为固态发电机。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007
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