8nm cerium oxide is surface functionalised for diesel compatibility and added to fuel at a level of 5-8ppm. Static engine tests and large scale field trials show that engine fuel consumption is reduced by 3.5-8% and emissions, particularly of black carbon particulates and unburnt hydrocarbons are reduced by >15%. Cerium oxide acts as an oxygen donating catalyst which, as a refractory ceramic, survives the fuel burn and acts to improve engine performance in two ways. Firstly, the activation energy of cerium oxide is size related and as a consequence 8nm particles act to burn off carbon deposits within the engine cylinder at the wall temperature. The engine is progressively cleaned up by cerium oxide and performance improves. Secondly, the cerium oxide acts in the gas phase during fuel burning to reduce the deposition of non-polar compounds on the cylinder wall. This indicates oxidation of fuel during the burn which in turn results in a reduction of engine deposit build up and carbon based emissions.
{"title":"8nm Cerium Oxide as a Fuel Additive for Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction","authors":"M. Gardener, G. Wakefield","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-6","url":null,"abstract":"8nm cerium oxide is surface functionalised for diesel compatibility and added to fuel at a level of 5-8ppm. Static engine tests and large scale field trials show that engine fuel consumption is reduced by 3.5-8% and emissions, particularly of black carbon particulates and unburnt hydrocarbons are reduced by >15%. Cerium oxide acts as an oxygen donating catalyst which, as a refractory ceramic, survives the fuel burn and acts to improve engine performance in two ways. Firstly, the activation energy of cerium oxide is size related and as a consequence 8nm particles act to burn off carbon deposits within the engine cylinder at the wall temperature. The engine is progressively cleaned up by cerium oxide and performance improves. Secondly, the cerium oxide acts in the gas phase during fuel burning to reduce the deposition of non-polar compounds on the cylinder wall. This indicates oxidation of fuel during the burn which in turn results in a reduction of engine deposit build up and carbon based emissions.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-10
J. Sung, Ming-Chi Kan, T. Hsiao, Ying-Tung Chen, Michael Sung
Amorphous diamond is essentially a chaotic carbon mixture with distorted sp and sp bonds. As such it possesses both metallic character of conductive graphite and semiconductor character of insulating diamond. Moreover, as each carbon atom is unique in its electronic state that is determined by the degree of distortion of its bonds, amorphous diamond contains numerous discrete potential energies for electrons. In fact, amorphous diamond may have the highest density of atoms (1.8 × 10 per cubic centimeter) that is several times higher than ordinary materials (e.g. about four times of iron atoms or silicon atoms). Thus, amorphous diamond has the highest configuration entropy for both atoms and valence electrons. Due to the distribution of discrete electronic energies with high density, amorphous diamond is uniquely capable to generate electricity and emit radiation. It has been demonstrated that amorphous diamond can be made as silicon free solar cells, front panel display field emission source, sensitive thermal sensing by IR detection, and perfect black body for energy conversion. Various amorphous diamond devices are being fabricated to exploit the superb properties of amorphous diamond.
{"title":"Amorphous Diamond as a Thermionic Material","authors":"J. Sung, Ming-Chi Kan, T. Hsiao, Ying-Tung Chen, Michael Sung","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-10","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous diamond is essentially a chaotic carbon mixture with distorted sp and sp bonds. As such it possesses both metallic character of conductive graphite and semiconductor character of insulating diamond. Moreover, as each carbon atom is unique in its electronic state that is determined by the degree of distortion of its bonds, amorphous diamond contains numerous discrete potential energies for electrons. In fact, amorphous diamond may have the highest density of atoms (1.8 × 10 per cubic centimeter) that is several times higher than ordinary materials (e.g. about four times of iron atoms or silicon atoms). Thus, amorphous diamond has the highest configuration entropy for both atoms and valence electrons. Due to the distribution of discrete electronic energies with high density, amorphous diamond is uniquely capable to generate electricity and emit radiation. It has been demonstrated that amorphous diamond can be made as silicon free solar cells, front panel display field emission source, sensitive thermal sensing by IR detection, and perfect black body for energy conversion. Various amorphous diamond devices are being fabricated to exploit the superb properties of amorphous diamond.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87815898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-54
Y. Hisha, H. Tsutsumi
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp)-imidazole (Im)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) composite films were prepared by casting the HAp dispersed solution that included Im and PVdF. Their conducting behaviors under no humidified condition and various temperatures were investigated. Two kinds of HAp (a-HAp and n-HAp) with different particle size were used. The average particle size of a-HAp was 1.25 μm in diameter and that of n-HAp was 0.61 μm in diameter. The conductivity for a-HAp-Im-PVdF (1:2:5, by weight) film at 120°C was 8.4 μS cm and that for n-HAp-Im-PVdF (1:2:5, by weight) was 298 μS cm. The particle size of HAp and the amount of Im and HAp in the films affected their conducting behavior and their mechanical properties.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-imidazole-polymer composite films as a proton conductor under no humidified condition","authors":"Y. Hisha, H. Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-54","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp)-imidazole (Im)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) composite films were prepared by casting the HAp dispersed solution that included Im and PVdF. Their conducting behaviors under no humidified condition and various temperatures were investigated. Two kinds of HAp (a-HAp and n-HAp) with different particle size were used. The average particle size of a-HAp was 1.25 μm in diameter and that of n-HAp was 0.61 μm in diameter. The conductivity for a-HAp-Im-PVdF (1:2:5, by weight) film at 120°C was 8.4 μS cm and that for n-HAp-Im-PVdF (1:2:5, by weight) was 298 μS cm. The particle size of HAp and the amount of Im and HAp in the films affected their conducting behavior and their mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84988414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-42
L. Popa-Simil
Almost all the modern applications (e.g. terrestrial and space electric power production, naval, underwater and railroad propulsion and auxiliary power for isolated regions) require a compact-high-power electricity source. One solution to reduce the greenhouse emissions and delay the catastrophic events occurrences may be the development of massive nuclear power. More, there is a concern that the modern civilization may exhaust the oil based energy resource within few decades. Thus, it is better to find other sources of energy that can replace the Carbon based energy resources. The actual basic conceptions in nuclear reactors are at the base of bottleneck in enhancements. The actual nuclear reactors look like high security prisons applied to fission products. It is not about release of the fission products, but to give them the possibility to acquire stabile conditions outside the hot zones, in exchange for advantages – possibility of enhancing the nuclear technology in power production. Three main developments are possible by accommodating the materials and structures with the phenomenon of interest like the high temperature fission products free and direct conversion nuclear reactors, cleaner nuclear fuel breeding and the fusion energy harvesting.
{"title":"Nano-structures materials for Energy Direct Conversion and Fuel Breeding","authors":"L. Popa-Simil","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-42","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all the modern applications (e.g. terrestrial and space electric power production, naval, underwater and railroad propulsion and auxiliary power for isolated regions) require a compact-high-power electricity source. One solution to reduce the greenhouse emissions and delay the catastrophic events occurrences may be the development of massive nuclear power. More, there is a concern that the modern civilization may exhaust the oil based energy resource within few decades. Thus, it is better to find other sources of energy that can replace the Carbon based energy resources. The actual basic conceptions in nuclear reactors are at the base of bottleneck in enhancements. The actual nuclear reactors look like high security prisons applied to fission products. It is not about release of the fission products, but to give them the possibility to acquire stabile conditions outside the hot zones, in exchange for advantages – possibility of enhancing the nuclear technology in power production. Three main developments are possible by accommodating the materials and structures with the phenomenon of interest like the high temperature fission products free and direct conversion nuclear reactors, cleaner nuclear fuel breeding and the fusion energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90817929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black-coal fly ash from Kosice Power Plant in Slovakia contains between 22 and 25% of unburnt coal, which is, strictly speaking, a useful component. Studying optimal separation methods of unburnt coal from the examined sample of fly ash, three methods of dry mechanical screening on sieves, counterflow air classification, dry and wet gravity separation and flotation have been verified. The combination of dry mechanical screening and flotation appears to be the most efficient, through the application of which we retrieved coal concentrate with ash content below 10%, which is applicable in the process of power generation in power plants.
{"title":"Extracting unburnt coal from black coal fly ash","authors":"P. Fecko, M. Kušnierová","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-2","url":null,"abstract":"Black-coal fly ash from Kosice Power Plant in Slovakia contains between 22 and 25% of unburnt coal, which is, strictly speaking, a useful component. Studying optimal separation methods of unburnt coal from the examined sample of fly ash, three methods of dry mechanical screening on sieves, counterflow air classification, dry and wet gravity separation and flotation have been verified. The combination of dry mechanical screening and flotation appears to be the most efficient, through the application of which we retrieved coal concentrate with ash content below 10%, which is applicable in the process of power generation in power plants.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90583081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-59
L. Popa-Simil
The direct energy conversion of nuclear energy requires nano-structured nuclear fuel The principle of the radiation energy direct conversion is the usage of the knock-on electrons produced by the moving particle interaction with the lattice. These electrons transfer their energy to other electrons creating a shower of low energy and high current. A structure created of independent nanowires of two different materials insulated in a thin dielectric coating may use as electron showers energy harvesting device. The dimensions of the conductors are in the range of few tens of nm while the insulators are of several nm, offering a breakdown voltage of few milivolts. When the mowing particles interacts with them it generates consistent eshowers when riches the high electron density conductor which are passing through insulators and stops in the low electron density conductor polarizing it negatively. These two types of conductors are connected to an external load transferring the accumulated charge. To obtain a higher voltage, in a uniform radiation field bimetal nanobeads insulated together and self-organizing have to be created around the radiation source. The advantages consist in transforming the actual nuclear reactors into high power solid-state batteries with no heat exchangers and turbines.
{"title":"Nano hetero nuclear fuel structure","authors":"L. Popa-Simil","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-59","url":null,"abstract":"The direct energy conversion of nuclear energy requires nano-structured nuclear fuel The principle of the radiation energy direct conversion is the usage of the knock-on electrons produced by the moving particle interaction with the lattice. These electrons transfer their energy to other electrons creating a shower of low energy and high current. A structure created of independent nanowires of two different materials insulated in a thin dielectric coating may use as electron showers energy harvesting device. The dimensions of the conductors are in the range of few tens of nm while the insulators are of several nm, offering a breakdown voltage of few milivolts. When the mowing particles interacts with them it generates consistent eshowers when riches the high electron density conductor which are passing through insulators and stops in the low electron density conductor polarizing it negatively. These two types of conductors are connected to an external load transferring the accumulated charge. To obtain a higher voltage, in a uniform radiation field bimetal nanobeads insulated together and self-organizing have to be created around the radiation source. The advantages consist in transforming the actual nuclear reactors into high power solid-state batteries with no heat exchangers and turbines.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86262227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_277
C. M. Wang, S. Chung
{"title":"Dye-sensitized solar cell using a TiO2 nanocrystalline film electrode prepared by solution combustion synthesis","authors":"C. M. Wang, S. Chung","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-40
W. Kay, T. Lodwick, R. Rodrigues, R. Sandler
Nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing have tremendous potential for benefiting the global poor—the approximately 2.77 billion people in the world that live on less that 2 dollars per day (purchasing power parity). For example, nanotechnologies may help provide reliable local energy production and potable water availability, increased agricultural efficiency, inexpensive medical diagnostics and treatments, and greater access to technology and information more generally [1]. This paper examines existing and potential pathways for promoting nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing that benefit the global poor either by directly meeting their needs or supporting nascent industries in developing countries. Informal international collaborations as well as formal international research partnerships are discussed, as is the role of international organizations. However, special attention is given to U.S. policy. Recommendations regarding intellectual property licensing, incentivizing research on pro-poor nanotechnologies, and promoting collaborations between U.S. and developing world researchers are made. In the long run, a nanotechnology research and development strategy conducive to realizing the possibilities for nanotechnology to benefit the global poor might constitute an effective form of foreign aid that would also benefit the U.S. by promoting stability and security in developing nations and creating new markets for U.S. companies.
{"title":"Nanotechnology and the Global Poor: United States Policy and International Collaborations","authors":"W. Kay, T. Lodwick, R. Rodrigues, R. Sandler","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-40","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing have tremendous potential for benefiting the global poor—the approximately 2.77 billion people in the world that live on less that 2 dollars per day (purchasing power parity). For example, nanotechnologies may help provide reliable local energy production and potable water availability, increased agricultural efficiency, inexpensive medical diagnostics and treatments, and greater access to technology and information more generally [1]. This paper examines existing and potential pathways for promoting nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing that benefit the global poor either by directly meeting their needs or supporting nascent industries in developing countries. Informal international collaborations as well as formal international research partnerships are discussed, as is the role of international organizations. However, special attention is given to U.S. policy. Recommendations regarding intellectual property licensing, incentivizing research on pro-poor nanotechnologies, and promoting collaborations between U.S. and developing world researchers are made. In the long run, a nanotechnology research and development strategy conducive to realizing the possibilities for nanotechnology to benefit the global poor might constitute an effective form of foreign aid that would also benefit the U.S. by promoting stability and security in developing nations and creating new markets for U.S. companies.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88424604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-30
L. Alamo-Nole, O. Perales-Pérez, F. Román
Samples of waste tires crumb rubber mesh 14-20, produced by REMA Inc., were contacted with 30ppm aqueous solutions of ethylbenzene (E), toluene (T) and xylene (X) to evaluate the corresponding sorption capability. The concentration of the sorbent varied from 0.1 to 10 g crumb rubber/L. Solution aliquots were withdrawn at different times and analyzed by GC-MS to monitor the progress of the sorption process. Obtained results confirmed the capability of crumb rubber to remove ETX compounds from aqueous solutions. This removal efficiency was dependent on solution pH and crumb rubber concentration. The ethylbenzene concentration dropped from 30 ppm down to 1.4 ppm in the first 30 minutes of contact when 10 g/L of crumb rubber were used. The maximum removal of xylene, ethylbenzene and toluene were 99, 95 and 77%, respectively, at pH 6. The corresponding uptake capacities were 55, 48 and 24 mg/g crumb rubber. The sorption efficiency of crumb rubber was xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene.
{"title":"Sorption of Ethylbenzene, Toluene and Xylene onto Crumb Rubber from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"L. Alamo-Nole, O. Perales-Pérez, F. Román","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-30","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of waste tires crumb rubber mesh 14-20, produced by REMA Inc., were contacted with 30ppm aqueous solutions of ethylbenzene (E), toluene (T) and xylene (X) to evaluate the corresponding sorption capability. The concentration of the sorbent varied from 0.1 to 10 g crumb rubber/L. Solution aliquots were withdrawn at different times and analyzed by GC-MS to monitor the progress of the sorption process. Obtained results confirmed the capability of crumb rubber to remove ETX compounds from aqueous solutions. This removal efficiency was dependent on solution pH and crumb rubber concentration. The ethylbenzene concentration dropped from 30 ppm down to 1.4 ppm in the first 30 minutes of contact when 10 g/L of crumb rubber were used. The maximum removal of xylene, ethylbenzene and toluene were 99, 95 and 77%, respectively, at pH 6. The corresponding uptake capacities were 55, 48 and 24 mg/g crumb rubber. The sorption efficiency of crumb rubber was xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79271912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-20DOI: 10.1201/9780429187469-38
H. Hildebrand, Kopinke F.-D., K. Mackenzie
The present paper shows two different examples for exsitu and in-situ water treatment using nano-sized materials. Two novel colloidal particles have been developed and tested in initial studies for i) the in-situ generation of sorption/reaction barriers based upon zero-valent iron on sorption-active carbon carriers (carbo-iron) for application in subsurface water treatment and ii) the selective catalytic elimination of halogenated hydrocarbons using Pd on magnetic carriers as agent for ex-situ waste water treatment. The common ground for both applications is the utilization of nano-particles for dehalogenation reactions in the aqueous phase in order to minimize mass transport limitation and therefore permit high decontamination rates. These water treatment applications have been selected for presentation in order to show the wide applicability of nano-sized materials in environmental technology.
{"title":"Nano-Catalysts and Colloidal Suspensions of Carbo-Iron for Environmental Application","authors":"H. Hildebrand, Kopinke F.-D., K. Mackenzie","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-38","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper shows two different examples for exsitu and in-situ water treatment using nano-sized materials. Two novel colloidal particles have been developed and tested in initial studies for i) the in-situ generation of sorption/reaction barriers based upon zero-valent iron on sorption-active carbon carriers (carbo-iron) for application in subsurface water treatment and ii) the selective catalytic elimination of halogenated hydrocarbons using Pd on magnetic carriers as agent for ex-situ waste water treatment. The common ground for both applications is the utilization of nano-particles for dehalogenation reactions in the aqueous phase in order to minimize mass transport limitation and therefore permit high decontamination rates. These water treatment applications have been selected for presentation in order to show the wide applicability of nano-sized materials in environmental technology.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89103117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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