Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002002
Mark D. Scroggins
Algernon Charles Swinburne’s late poems encouraging Britain’s aggression against the Boer States are exercises in imperialist jingoism, and seem at odds with the poet’s longstanding Republicanism and advocacy of individual rights. A close examination of Swinburne’s notorious involvement in practices of sado-masochist flagellation, however, casts some light on how these poems can be read as congruent with his earlier ideological investments. The rhetoric of his Boer War poems is precisely aligned with his earlier responses to the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876 and the Eyre Affair of 1865; in both of these moments, Swinburne’s political reaction is keyed to his aversion to the use of the lash (by the Russians in the former, by the British colonial Jamaican regime in the latter). While Swinburne was something of a connoiseur of passive flagellation—to the extent that birching becomes sometimes a metaphor for poetry itself—the act of deploying the lash against an unwilling subject (as the Boers did to their African workers) is for him the epitome of tyranny and dehumanization.
阿尔杰农·查尔斯·斯温伯恩（Algernon Charles Swinburne）晚期鼓励英国侵略布尔邦的诗歌是帝国主义沙文主义的演习，似乎与这位诗人长期以来的共和主义和对个人权利的倡导不一致。然而，仔细研究斯温伯恩臭名昭著的施虐受虐狂鞭笞行为，可以发现这些诗歌如何被解读为与他早期的意识形态投资相一致。他的布尔战争诗歌的修辞手法与他早期对1876年保加利亚危机和1865年艾尔事件的回应完全一致；在这两个时刻，斯温伯恩的政治反应都与他对使用鞭笞的厌恶有关（前者是俄罗斯人，后者是英国殖民地牙买加政权）。虽然斯温伯恩是被动鞭笞的鉴赏家——在某种程度上，桦树有时会成为诗歌本身的隐喻——但对一个不情愿的主体进行鞭笞（就像布尔人对他们的非洲工人所做的那样）的行为对他来说是暴政和非人化的缩影。
{"title":"Swinburne, Africa, and the Lash","authors":"Mark D. Scroggins","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002002","url":null,"abstract":"Algernon Charles Swinburne’s late poems encouraging Britain’s aggression against the Boer States are exercises in imperialist jingoism, and seem at odds with the poet’s longstanding Republicanism and advocacy of individual rights. A close examination of Swinburne’s notorious involvement in practices of sado-masochist flagellation, however, casts some light on how these poems can be read as congruent with his earlier ideological investments. The rhetoric of his Boer War poems is precisely aligned with his earlier responses to the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876 and the Eyre Affair of 1865; in both of these moments, Swinburne’s political reaction is keyed to his aversion to the use of the lash (by the Russians in the former, by the British colonial Jamaican regime in the latter). While Swinburne was something of a connoiseur of passive flagellation—to the extent that birching becomes sometimes a metaphor for poetry itself—the act of deploying the lash against an unwilling subject (as the Boers did to their African workers) is for him the epitome of tyranny and dehumanization.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42145229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002013
T. Bolden
This essay was inspired by the death and devastation related to the pandemic of Covid-19 which intensified the ways that preexisting sociopolitical contradictions affected black people. Before the pandemic it was commonplace for thinkers to describe themselves as radicals. However, in the moment of crisis, their voices were often silent or they offered superficial commentaries. And the magnitude of their limitations—conflating moral protestations with political analyses, for instance—evoked memories of perceptive thinkers that I knew as a young man, such as visual artist Doug Redd whose worldview and aesthetics exemplify our need for alternative sensibilities, perspectives, and centers of thought in African American culture.
{"title":"Reflections on Black Visual Artist Doug Redd","authors":"T. Bolden","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002013","url":null,"abstract":"This essay was inspired by the death and devastation related to the pandemic of Covid-19 which intensified the ways that preexisting sociopolitical contradictions affected black people. Before the pandemic it was commonplace for thinkers to describe themselves as radicals. However, in the moment of crisis, their voices were often silent or they offered superficial commentaries. And the magnitude of their limitations—conflating moral protestations with political analyses, for instance—evoked memories of perceptive thinkers that I knew as a young man, such as visual artist Doug Redd whose worldview and aesthetics exemplify our need for alternative sensibilities, perspectives, and centers of thought in African American culture.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002009
Yi Feng
Faulkner once said that he made up his American native characters out of his imagination. His American Indian characters are hybrid and grotesque, a disturbing and troubling presence in his work. Yet some critics point out that the construction of Faulkner’s American Indians in Yoknapatawpha is not created out of a cultural vacuum and Faulkner assimilated both local and national popular thinking about American Indian people as presented in his stories. Homi K. Bhabha argues that the narration of a nation is a double address, and there is a split between the pedagogical narrative and the performative narrative of a nation. The pedagogical narrative is horizontal and historicist, which intends to indicate the people as one, whereas the performative narrative obscures the nation’s self as one and shows the heterogeneity of the nation. Bhabha argues that there exists a liminal space, a temporality of the “in-between,” in which the nation splits within itself, articulating the heterogeneity of its people rather than the homogeneity. Jacques Lacan’s paradigm of the relationship between the subject and the Other is helpful in the understanding of Bhabha’s national narration as a double address. I argue that Lacan’s paradigm of the intersection of the subject and the Other shows the liminal space of the national narrative by Bhabha. By combining Bhabha’s double narrative of the nation and Lacan’s graph on the subject and the Other, we could have a new understanding of Faulkner’s American Indian characters in his stories. In this essay, I show how some of Faulkner’s American Indian narratives are depicted as the Other, which reflects the characteristics of the pedagogical narrative; and how others can be read as the performative narrative due to the multiple effects of the mimicry of the American Indian characters such as Ikkemotubbe and Sam Fathers. I argue that Faulkner’s American Indian narratives are twisted and obscure which can be read as a double narrative, with both the characteristics of the pedagogical and the performative narrative. The narrative of American Indian characters can be regarded as happening in a liminal space where race is fluid and hybrid.
{"title":"Mimicry and Masquerade in Faulkner’s American Indian Characters","authors":"Yi Feng","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002009","url":null,"abstract":"Faulkner once said that he made up his American native characters out of his imagination. His American Indian characters are hybrid and grotesque, a disturbing and troubling presence in his work. Yet some critics point out that the construction of Faulkner’s American Indians in Yoknapatawpha is not created out of a cultural vacuum and Faulkner assimilated both local and national popular thinking about American Indian people as presented in his stories. Homi K. Bhabha argues that the narration of a nation is a double address, and there is a split between the pedagogical narrative and the performative narrative of a nation. The pedagogical narrative is horizontal and historicist, which intends to indicate the people as one, whereas the performative narrative obscures the nation’s self as one and shows the heterogeneity of the nation. Bhabha argues that there exists a liminal space, a temporality of the “in-between,” in which the nation splits within itself, articulating the heterogeneity of its people rather than the homogeneity. Jacques Lacan’s paradigm of the relationship between the subject and the Other is helpful in the understanding of Bhabha’s national narration as a double address. I argue that Lacan’s paradigm of the intersection of the subject and the Other shows the liminal space of the national narrative by Bhabha. By combining Bhabha’s double narrative of the nation and Lacan’s graph on the subject and the Other, we could have a new understanding of Faulkner’s American Indian characters in his stories. In this essay, I show how some of Faulkner’s American Indian narratives are depicted as the Other, which reflects the characteristics of the pedagogical narrative; and how others can be read as the performative narrative due to the multiple effects of the mimicry of the American Indian characters such as Ikkemotubbe and Sam Fathers. I argue that Faulkner’s American Indian narratives are twisted and obscure which can be read as a double narrative, with both the characteristics of the pedagogical and the performative narrative. The narrative of American Indian characters can be regarded as happening in a liminal space where race is fluid and hybrid.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002014
Xuan Teng
This study examines the effects of different gloss types, namely L1 text-only, L2 text-only, L1 text plus picture, and L2 text plus picture on vocabulary retention in a multimedia reading environment. This investigation is based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the revised hierarchical model with image. Sixteen participants read a computerized text under one of four gloss conditions and took an immediate and delayed vocabulary retention test. Quantitative analyses in this study were based on responses to a survey, and performance data drawn from the recognition and production tasks in the vocabulary retention test. Qualitative evidence was obtained through interviews with the participants regarding their attitudes to the use of multimedia glosses. Results of this study suggested that L1 and L2 did not differ in terms of their effects on vocabulary retention. In addition, a combination of text and picture was more effective than text-only in sustaining recall of the glossed words. Survey and interview responses indicated the participants’ mixed opinions about L1 and L2 definitions and their strong preferences for pictures. The positive effect of L2 plus picture type glosses for long-term retention suggested the possible important role of mental involvement in the process of L2 vocabulary acquisition.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Multimedia Gloss Modes and Languages for Chinese Learners’ Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition","authors":"Xuan Teng","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002014","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of different gloss types, namely L1 text-only, L2 text-only, L1 text plus picture, and L2 text plus picture on vocabulary retention in a multimedia reading environment. This investigation is based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the revised hierarchical model with image. Sixteen participants read a computerized text under one of four gloss conditions and took an immediate and delayed vocabulary retention test. Quantitative analyses in this study were based on responses to a survey, and performance data drawn from the recognition and production tasks in the vocabulary retention test. Qualitative evidence was obtained through interviews with the participants regarding their attitudes to the use of multimedia glosses. Results of this study suggested that L1 and L2 did not differ in terms of their effects on vocabulary retention. In addition, a combination of text and picture was more effective than text-only in sustaining recall of the glossed words. Survey and interview responses indicated the participants’ mixed opinions about L1 and L2 definitions and their strong preferences for pictures. The positive effect of L2 plus picture type glosses for long-term retention suggested the possible important role of mental involvement in the process of L2 vocabulary acquisition.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002010
Charles P. Alexander
David Jones and Charles Olson concern themselves with large issues of space and time, and how humans are entwined with both. This essay seeks to show that Olson’s project of space and Jones’s with time are very much of the same mettle, that both poems offer a kind of transcendence of one-dimensionality, that time expands to become space, and that, in space, one is confronted with the presence of all time as a simultaneity. The essay addresses Jones’s The Anathemata and a few of his maps and paintings, as well as Olson’s Maximus Poems, particularly its visual / spatial poetics.
{"title":"David Jones and Charles Olson in Time and Space","authors":"Charles P. Alexander","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002010","url":null,"abstract":"David Jones and Charles Olson concern themselves with large issues of space and time, and how humans are entwined with both. This essay seeks to show that Olson’s project of space and Jones’s with time are very much of the same mettle, that both poems offer a kind of transcendence of one-dimensionality, that time expands to become space, and that, in space, one is confronted with the presence of all time as a simultaneity. The essay addresses Jones’s The Anathemata and a few of his maps and paintings, as well as Olson’s Maximus Poems, particularly its visual / spatial poetics.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002012
M. Verdicchio
In this essay I examine Li Bai’s relationship with Tao Qian/Yuanming, his poetic ancestor, through their poems on drinking and on the Double Nine Festival. Li Bai’s invitation to share wine with Tao takes the form of emulating his poetry. It also shows its impossibility, which is expressed in the form of unfulfilled longing. This awareness is what defines the modernity of Li Bai’s poetry.
{"title":"Li Bai and Modernity: Drinking with Tao Qian","authors":"M. Verdicchio","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202002012","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay I examine Li Bai’s relationship with Tao Qian/Yuanming, his poetic ancestor, through their poems on drinking and on the Double Nine Festival. Li Bai’s invitation to share wine with Tao takes the form of emulating his poetry. It also shows its impossibility, which is expressed in the form of unfulfilled longing. This awareness is what defines the modernity of Li Bai’s poetry.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48317951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.201701001
Jiang Hongxin
Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel, Fortress Besieged, are closely correlated with Hunan. This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College (NHNC), later to become Hunan Normal University (HNNU). More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character, Hongjian Fang, at the fictional Sanlü University. This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged, in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan. Drawing on archival documents, this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic, and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.
{"title":"On the Genesis of Zhongshu Qian’s Fortress Besieged","authors":"Jiang Hongxin","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.201701001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.201701001","url":null,"abstract":"Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel, Fortress Besieged, are closely correlated with Hunan. This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College (NHNC), later to become Hunan Normal University (HNNU). More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character, Hongjian Fang, at the fictional Sanlü University. This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged, in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan. Drawing on archival documents, this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic, and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47001529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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