Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202012
A. Carruthers
The Australian avant-garde raises all the contradictions of avant-garde studies in the present time. Antipodal vanguards in the 20th and 21st centuries would grapple with various aspects of Australian national history, being in various ways and times between East and West, the aligned and non-aligned, the political and geopolitical in poetics. The word “Australia,” from the Latin auster, contains meanings for “East.” Most importantly, the Antipodal vanguard exposes the contradictions of Australia’s imperial-colonial past and the struggle to overcome it. In this essay, I begin with the example of a “Dada” poem that comes from an Aboriginal rain dance, as well as the emergence of Dada poetics from the 1950s to the 1970s. Throughout I keep complexities of history and time at the forefront: what is the worth of a “marginal” national literary history of the avant-garde? What does the avant-garde mean outside Europe or the Euro-US? What can Australian Dadaism tell us about the future of avant-garde studies? Does the avant-garde always lead to nostalgia, or “Austalgia,” a hearkening after the past, as much as a striving toward the future?
{"title":"Avant-Garde Austalgia","authors":"A. Carruthers","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202012","url":null,"abstract":"The Australian avant-garde raises all the contradictions of avant-garde studies in the present time. Antipodal vanguards in the 20th and 21st centuries would grapple with various aspects of Australian national history, being in various ways and times between East and West, the aligned and non-aligned, the political and geopolitical in poetics. The word “Australia,” from the Latin auster, contains meanings for “East.” Most importantly, the Antipodal vanguard exposes the contradictions of Australia’s imperial-colonial past and the struggle to overcome it. In this essay, I begin with the example of a “Dada” poem that comes from an Aboriginal rain dance, as well as the emergence of Dada poetics from the 1950s to the 1970s. Throughout I keep complexities of history and time at the forefront: what is the worth of a “marginal” national literary history of the avant-garde? What does the avant-garde mean outside Europe or the Euro-US? What can Australian Dadaism tell us about the future of avant-garde studies? Does the avant-garde always lead to nostalgia, or “Austalgia,” a hearkening after the past, as much as a striving toward the future?","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49576574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202008
Ning Wang
Raymond Williams, the eminent British Marxist literary theorist, was introduced to China in the late 1980s, and his theories have since been increasingly attractive to China’s literary and cultural studies. He not only touched upon some of the fundamental issues of Marxist literary theory, such as ideology, culture, hegemony and aesthetics, but also developed it with his dynamic construction of a sort of cultural materialism, thus bridging between Marxist socio-historical and aesthetic criticism and cultural and linguistic factors. While literary and cultural theory is in decline in the West, Williams’s legacy is still appreciated in international circles, which ought to be cherished and inherited by us Chinese scholars in our studies of world literature and culture.
{"title":"Remembering Raymond Williams: His Theoretical Heritage to China’s World Literature and Culture Studies","authors":"Ning Wang","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202008","url":null,"abstract":"Raymond Williams, the eminent British Marxist literary theorist, was introduced to China in the late 1980s, and his theories have since been increasingly attractive to China’s literary and cultural studies. He not only touched upon some of the fundamental issues of Marxist literary theory, such as ideology, culture, hegemony and aesthetics, but also developed it with his dynamic construction of a sort of cultural materialism, thus bridging between Marxist socio-historical and aesthetic criticism and cultural and linguistic factors. While literary and cultural theory is in decline in the West, Williams’s legacy is still appreciated in international circles, which ought to be cherished and inherited by us Chinese scholars in our studies of world literature and culture.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49225796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202011
Katie Bradshaw
José Garcia Villa’s “comma poem,” in which he introduces “a new, special and poetic use” for the comma, is arguably the poet’s most contentious innovation. Starting from an appropriation of Leonard Caspar’s description of the comma poems as “demonstrably malfunctional as a dragging foot,” this essay argues that the comma poem was a visual performance whereby Villa dis-oriented and de-naturalized poetic “flows” through a queer/crip aesthetic of hesitation and brokenness. Read as footsteps and/or footnotes, the comma’s minor mark interrupts and dis-ables normative flow, forcing the reader to adopt a nonnormative “gait.” Utilizing Sara Ahmed’s phenomenological theory of “queer orientation,” I examine how the comma poems’ specific incongruity extends beyond modern grammars: anticipating readings of his “foreignness” and “insensitivity” to the English language, Villa performs the essentiality of the “minor mark” through linguistic experimentation. In doing so, he queers not only the “direction” of modern poetry and its canonicity, but also a contemporary politics of recuperation.
{"title":"The “Dragging Foot” of José Garcia Villa’s Performative “Comma Poems”","authors":"Katie Bradshaw","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202011","url":null,"abstract":"José Garcia Villa’s “comma poem,” in which he introduces “a new, special and poetic use” for the comma, is arguably the poet’s most contentious innovation. Starting from an appropriation of Leonard Caspar’s description of the comma poems as “demonstrably malfunctional as a dragging foot,” this essay argues that the comma poem was a visual performance whereby Villa dis-oriented and de-naturalized poetic “flows” through a queer/crip aesthetic of hesitation and brokenness. Read as footsteps and/or footnotes, the comma’s minor mark interrupts and dis-ables normative flow, forcing the reader to adopt a nonnormative “gait.” Utilizing Sara Ahmed’s phenomenological theory of “queer orientation,” I examine how the comma poems’ specific incongruity extends beyond modern grammars: anticipating readings of his “foreignness” and “insensitivity” to the English language, Villa performs the essentiality of the “minor mark” through linguistic experimentation. In doing so, he queers not only the “direction” of modern poetry and its canonicity, but also a contemporary politics of recuperation.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202001
H. Gumbrecht
In this interview, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht visits some of his groundbreaking theoretical contributions, providing an ample archeological gaze towards the emergence of Digital Humanities. The key concepts proposed by Gumbrecht are discussed as well as the new theoretical framework he developed over the past two decades towards an understating of Humanities not primarily focused on the semantic attribution of meaning.
{"title":"A Pioneer on His Work: An Interview with Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht","authors":"H. Gumbrecht","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202001","url":null,"abstract":"In this interview, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht visits some of his groundbreaking theoretical contributions, providing an ample archeological gaze towards the emergence of Digital Humanities. The key concepts proposed by Gumbrecht are discussed as well as the new theoretical framework he developed over the past two decades towards an understating of Humanities not primarily focused on the semantic attribution of meaning.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202010
Ying Zhou
Critics tend to cast a suspicious eye on Derek Mahon’s seemingly obsessive revisions of his works. Though it needs to be acknowledged that Mahon’s habitual practice of revision does not always lead to a definite improvement of the poems’ quality, this article argues that the poet revises to destabilize a formation of what Richard Rorty calls “final vocabulary” as a never quitting ironist. Mahon’s constant undercutting of his stable textual ground stems from a deeper Mahonian poetics which has at its core the urge to work against fixed perspective and settled interpretation in unsettling political and cultural circumstances that produce intolerance and claustrophobia. Mahon also presents a Beckettian resistance of the limitedness of poetic language by pluralizing poetic ambivalence and indeterminacy.
{"title":"An Ironist’s “Final Vocabulary”: Derek Mahon’s Re-Visions","authors":"Ying Zhou","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202010","url":null,"abstract":"Critics tend to cast a suspicious eye on Derek Mahon’s seemingly obsessive revisions of his works. Though it needs to be acknowledged that Mahon’s habitual practice of revision does not always lead to a definite improvement of the poems’ quality, this article argues that the poet revises to destabilize a formation of what Richard Rorty calls “final vocabulary” as a never quitting ironist. Mahon’s constant undercutting of his stable textual ground stems from a deeper Mahonian poetics which has at its core the urge to work against fixed perspective and settled interpretation in unsettling political and cultural circumstances that produce intolerance and claustrophobia. Mahon also presents a Beckettian resistance of the limitedness of poetic language by pluralizing poetic ambivalence and indeterminacy.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202006
Ana Regina Falkembach Simão, R. Uebel
The construction of the concept of Latin America has been through different processes regarding its structure and acceptance, from the colonial period to the automatic realignment to the United States, with rare exceptions, and a reorganization with the emergence of multilateralism and the multipolar world. The abstraction, hitherto almost an axiom in the subcontinent, that it is a western region, leads us to the elaboration of this article, which seeks to present Latin America’s post-western and de-westernized character in an environment of restructuration of its political economy, its actors, scenarios and, finally, theories. Thus, we present here a review of the state of the art political economy of Latin America and its perspectives in this shifting world, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Latin America and the West: Constructions and Deconstructions of the Concept","authors":"Ana Regina Falkembach Simão, R. Uebel","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202006","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of the concept of Latin America has been through different processes regarding its structure and acceptance, from the colonial period to the automatic realignment to the United States, with rare exceptions, and a reorganization with the emergence of multilateralism and the multipolar world. The abstraction, hitherto almost an axiom in the subcontinent, that it is a western region, leads us to the elaboration of this article, which seeks to present Latin America’s post-western and de-westernized character in an environment of restructuration of its political economy, its actors, scenarios and, finally, theories. Thus, we present here a review of the state of the art political economy of Latin America and its perspectives in this shifting world, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44800528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202004
Yanfang Jia, Si Lai
This study aims to explore the impact of neural machine translation (NMT) post-editing on metaphorical expressions from English to Chinese in terms of productivity, translation quality, and the strategies employed. To this end, a comparative study was carried out with 30 student translators who post-edited or translated a text rich in metaphors. By triangulating data from keystroke logging, retrospective protocols, questionnaires, and translation quality evaluation, it was found that: (1) processing metaphorical expressions using NMT post-editing has significantly increased the translators’ productivity compared to translating them from scratch; (2) NMT was perceived to be useful in processing metaphorical expressions and post-editing produced fewer errors in the final output than translation from scratch; (3) different strategies were used to process metaphorical expressions in post-editing and from-scratch translation due to the inherent differences in the two tasks, with “direct transfer” used most frequently in post-editing as translators usually rely on the NMT output to produce the final translation but more balanced strategies adopted in from-scratch translation as they need to seek for different solutions to rendering the metaphorical expressions; the quality of NMT output played a major role in what strategies were adopted to process the metaphorical expressions and their final product quality in post-editing, rather than the conventionality of the metaphorical expressions in the source text. Practical and research implications are discussed.
{"title":"Post-Editing Metaphorical Expressions: Productivity, Quality, and Strategies","authors":"Yanfang Jia, Si Lai","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202202004","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the impact of neural machine translation (NMT) post-editing on metaphorical expressions from English to Chinese in terms of productivity, translation quality, and the strategies employed. To this end, a comparative study was carried out with 30 student translators who post-edited or translated a text rich in metaphors. By triangulating data from keystroke logging, retrospective protocols, questionnaires, and translation quality evaluation, it was found that: (1) processing metaphorical expressions using NMT post-editing has significantly increased the translators’ productivity compared to translating them from scratch; (2) NMT was perceived to be useful in processing metaphorical expressions and post-editing produced fewer errors in the final output than translation from scratch; (3) different strategies were used to process metaphorical expressions in post-editing and from-scratch translation due to the inherent differences in the two tasks, with “direct transfer” used most frequently in post-editing as translators usually rely on the NMT output to produce the final translation but more balanced strategies adopted in from-scratch translation as they need to seek for different solutions to rendering the metaphorical expressions; the quality of NMT output played a major role in what strategies were adopted to process the metaphorical expressions and their final product quality in post-editing, rather than the conventionality of the metaphorical expressions in the source text. Practical and research implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43580647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201006
K. Thornber
Ours is a world of pandemics. Intersecting with and frequently exacerbated by responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been numerous pandemics with much longer histories, including pandemics of other communicable diseases, as well as pandemics of non-communicable diseases, mental illness, addiction, systemic racism, social injustice, gender-based violence, and misinformation, all of which have been deeply intertwined with environmental degradation and climate disruption. In our era of multiple intensifying pandemics, not to mention often anemic humanities enrollments, it is crucial that comparative literature go more global: engaging more deeply with a broader array of texts, pathways, and processes than ever before with a focus on providing insights into global challenges and crises as well as possibilities for amelioration on a vast scale. This essay focuses on two examples: the connections between disease and stigma; and the connections between environmental crises and gender-based violence.
{"title":"Global Comparative Literature in a World of Pandemics","authors":"K. Thornber","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201006","url":null,"abstract":"Ours is a world of pandemics. Intersecting with and frequently exacerbated by responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been numerous pandemics with much longer histories, including pandemics of other communicable diseases, as well as pandemics of non-communicable diseases, mental illness, addiction, systemic racism, social injustice, gender-based violence, and misinformation, all of which have been deeply intertwined with environmental degradation and climate disruption. In our era of multiple intensifying pandemics, not to mention often anemic humanities enrollments, it is crucial that comparative literature go more global: engaging more deeply with a broader array of texts, pathways, and processes than ever before with a focus on providing insights into global challenges and crises as well as possibilities for amelioration on a vast scale. This essay focuses on two examples: the connections between disease and stigma; and the connections between environmental crises and gender-based violence.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48615342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201010
Yan Liu
Critical terms in Chinese poetics pose difficulties to those who expect clear definitions and scopes of reference since many such words are not “properly” defined in their first appearances. To make matters worse, they gain new meanings when they are used and re-used in different contexts. By tracing the origins and the further resonances of feng in Chinese poetics, this essay demonstrates the discrepancy between the varied meanings of the word in Chinese and those in the English translations. This essay argues that one should not use their preconceptions to judge other literatures and cultures but to respect this “otherness” by probing the other intellectual traditions to find out their particularities.
{"title":"Critical Terms and Their Resonances in Translation: The Case of Feng","authors":"Yan Liu","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201010","url":null,"abstract":"Critical terms in Chinese poetics pose difficulties to those who expect clear definitions and scopes of reference since many such words are not “properly” defined in their first appearances. To make matters worse, they gain new meanings when they are used and re-used in different contexts. By tracing the origins and the further resonances of feng in Chinese poetics, this essay demonstrates the discrepancy between the varied meanings of the word in Chinese and those in the English translations. This essay argues that one should not use their preconceptions to judge other literatures and cultures but to respect this “otherness” by probing the other intellectual traditions to find out their particularities.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46699966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201008
M. Thomsen
World literature studies has to navigate between idealism and realism: the idealism of creating a broader and more inclusive understanding of the world’s literature, and the realism of how literature circulates and has to overcome many thresholds to change canonization. The increased recognition of how translation is a necessary part of world literature has done much to lay the grounds for an increased engagement with literature in non-European languages. I propose that an understanding of key patterns in the international circulation of literary works can provide a better critique of the imbalances of canonization, and the inspiration for the inclusion of neglected works in the future.
{"title":"Overcoming Thresholds and the Mysterious Travels of Literary Influence: Why National Canons Cannot Be Projected onto the Big Canvas","authors":"M. Thomsen","doi":"10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53397/hunnu.jflc.202201008","url":null,"abstract":"World literature studies has to navigate between idealism and realism: the idealism of creating a broader and more inclusive understanding of the world’s literature, and the realism of how literature circulates and has to overcome many thresholds to change canonization. The increased recognition of how translation is a necessary part of world literature has done much to lay the grounds for an increased engagement with literature in non-European languages. I propose that an understanding of key patterns in the international circulation of literary works can provide a better critique of the imbalances of canonization, and the inspiration for the inclusion of neglected works in the future.","PeriodicalId":65200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Languages and Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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