Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547999
Sina Soltanmohammad, Jake Wands, R. Farshchi, D. Poplavskyy, A. Rockett
The addition of Ag to Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) has shown benefits including improved process tolerance and potential for improved device performance. Here, we studied the structure and phase composition of sputter-deposited ACIGS thin films using X-ray diffraction (XRD), glancing incidence XRD (GIXRD) analyzed by Rietveld refinement, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were deposited on stainless steel substrates with different back electrode selenization and absorber growth temperatures. XRD analysis showed that Ag-alloying of CIGS films led to splitting of the (220)/(204) and (312)/(116) peaks while they overlapped in a CIGS sample. Raman spectroscopy indicated formation of an ordered defect phase (ODC) for Ag-alloyed samples. The average A1/ODC peak area ratio was similar for the different growth temperatures but increased with reduced back electrode selenization. The sample with no K incorporation shows the highest A1/ODC area. Comparing the A1 Raman mode of the chalcopyrite phase at the surface and back-side of the absorber layer indicates that the higher absorber growth temperature lowered the Ga/III variation at the surface and the back of the film.
{"title":"Structure and phase composition of sputter deposited (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells","authors":"Sina Soltanmohammad, Jake Wands, R. Farshchi, D. Poplavskyy, A. Rockett","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547999","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of Ag to Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) has shown benefits including improved process tolerance and potential for improved device performance. Here, we studied the structure and phase composition of sputter-deposited ACIGS thin films using X-ray diffraction (XRD), glancing incidence XRD (GIXRD) analyzed by Rietveld refinement, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were deposited on stainless steel substrates with different back electrode selenization and absorber growth temperatures. XRD analysis showed that Ag-alloying of CIGS films led to splitting of the (220)/(204) and (312)/(116) peaks while they overlapped in a CIGS sample. Raman spectroscopy indicated formation of an ordered defect phase (ODC) for Ag-alloyed samples. The average A1/ODC peak area ratio was similar for the different growth temperatures but increased with reduced back electrode selenization. The sample with no K incorporation shows the highest A1/ODC area. Comparing the A1 Raman mode of the chalcopyrite phase at the surface and back-side of the absorber layer indicates that the higher absorber growth temperature lowered the Ga/III variation at the surface and the back of the film.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0852-0855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90952193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547335
S. Spataru, P. Hacke, Michael Owen‐Bellini
Combining the stress factors of the natural environment into a single test for photovoltaic modules requires fewer modules, fewer parallel tests, and makes it possible to discover potential weaknesses that are not known textbfa priori in new module designs. In this work, we present the necessary textbfhardware and textbfsoftware capabilities for developing, implementing, and performing Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing (C-AST) protocols for photovoltaic modules, using off-the-shelf equipment and accessible software development tools, with the aim of supporting the development of C-AST capabilities by the photovoltaic community.
{"title":"Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing System for Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"S. Spataru, P. Hacke, Michael Owen‐Bellini","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547335","url":null,"abstract":"Combining the stress factors of the natural environment into a single test for photovoltaic modules requires fewer modules, fewer parallel tests, and makes it possible to discover potential weaknesses that are not known textbfa priori in new module designs. In this work, we present the necessary textbfhardware and textbfsoftware capabilities for developing, implementing, and performing Combined-Accelerated Stress Testing (C-AST) protocols for photovoltaic modules, using off-the-shelf equipment and accessible software development tools, with the aim of supporting the development of C-AST capabilities by the photovoltaic community.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"3943-3948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91364767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547476
M. Xue, Raisul Islam, Yusi Chen, Ching-Ying Lu, Zheng Lyu, K. Zang, Jieyang Jia, Huiyang Deng, T. Kamins, K. Saraswat, James S. Harris
Thin film crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have been a potential candidate to reduce the capital expenditure associated with traditional silicon photovoltaic market. This paper presents the sputtered NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ to be a potential candidate as hole-selective layer for c-Si solar cell contacts. NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ has a very small valence band offset (VBO $) ( sim 0.1$ eV) and a large conduction band offset (CBO) with Si $( sim 2$ eV), which makes it a promising candidate for hole-selective interlayer materials to reduce the contact recombination. In this paper, the effect of annealing condition on the NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$/Si interface quality is first evaluated by Hall resistivity measurement. Also, the transport of both majority and minority carriers due to NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$/Si band alignment is investigated by transmission line measurement. Results in this paper show that the sputtered NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ can be an effective interlayer material for thin film c-Si solar cell contacts.
{"title":"Investigation of Nickel Oxide as Carrier-selective Interlayer for Silicon Solar Cell Contacts","authors":"M. Xue, Raisul Islam, Yusi Chen, Ching-Ying Lu, Zheng Lyu, K. Zang, Jieyang Jia, Huiyang Deng, T. Kamins, K. Saraswat, James S. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547476","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have been a potential candidate to reduce the capital expenditure associated with traditional silicon photovoltaic market. This paper presents the sputtered NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ to be a potential candidate as hole-selective layer for c-Si solar cell contacts. NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ has a very small valence band offset (VBO $) ( sim 0.1$ eV) and a large conduction band offset (CBO) with Si $( sim 2$ eV), which makes it a promising candidate for hole-selective interlayer materials to reduce the contact recombination. In this paper, the effect of annealing condition on the NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$/Si interface quality is first evaluated by Hall resistivity measurement. Also, the transport of both majority and minority carriers due to NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$/Si band alignment is investigated by transmission line measurement. Results in this paper show that the sputtered NiO$_{mathbf {x}}$ can be an effective interlayer material for thin film c-Si solar cell contacts.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"2180-2182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547996
O. Nájera-Ruiz, I. Martínez-Gamboa, S. Sellschopp-Sánchez, G. Santana, G. Escalante, C. Álvarez-Macías
Like all semiconductors, photovoltaic cells are sensitive to temperature. Under real operating conditions the temperature of cells increases with environment, shades or local defects (hot spots) and electrical effects. This increase in temperature causes a decrease in the electrical parameters of solar cells, which makes the electrical power and efficiency of cell are reduced, and also affect the average life of device. Photovoltaic cells have yields between 15% and 25% but efficiency decreases with increasing temperature up to 0.3% per degree centigrade. In practical terms the thermal part of solar radiation can increase the temperature inside the cell by about 30°C, and in turn decrease the yield to unsustainable values. The objective of this research is the application of the Peltier effect to reduce the impact of temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic cells under operating conditions. For this reason, in this work an alternative was developed to find the suitable temperature for the photovoltaic cell to reach and maintain its highest efficiency. For this, a temperature control based on thermoelectric cells or Peltier effect is used. With the results optimal operating temperatures of the photovoltaic cell are proposed that do not impact the power of the cell.
{"title":"Efficiency improvement of photovoltaic cells by cooling using Peltier effect","authors":"O. Nájera-Ruiz, I. Martínez-Gamboa, S. Sellschopp-Sánchez, G. Santana, G. Escalante, C. Álvarez-Macías","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547996","url":null,"abstract":"Like all semiconductors, photovoltaic cells are sensitive to temperature. Under real operating conditions the temperature of cells increases with environment, shades or local defects (hot spots) and electrical effects. This increase in temperature causes a decrease in the electrical parameters of solar cells, which makes the electrical power and efficiency of cell are reduced, and also affect the average life of device. Photovoltaic cells have yields between 15% and 25% but efficiency decreases with increasing temperature up to 0.3% per degree centigrade. In practical terms the thermal part of solar radiation can increase the temperature inside the cell by about 30°C, and in turn decrease the yield to unsustainable values. The objective of this research is the application of the Peltier effect to reduce the impact of temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic cells under operating conditions. For this reason, in this work an alternative was developed to find the suitable temperature for the photovoltaic cell to reach and maintain its highest efficiency. For this, a temperature control based on thermoelectric cells or Peltier effect is used. With the results optimal operating temperatures of the photovoltaic cell are proposed that do not impact the power of the cell.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0438-0441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89604722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547474
Rohit Sharma, Deepak, N. Arora, J. Venkateswaran, C. Solanki
Lack of sufficient lighting severely sabotage children’s ability to study after-school in the evening at home in rural India and therefore, restricts their academic performance in the classrooms. It is expected that 81.2 million students are likely to use kerosene for their basic lighting needs, which restrict their study through lower lumen lighting, indoor air pollution, and negative health impacts. This paper based on the million SoUL program (MSP) survey of 873 households examine that the luminous, clean, cost-effective, and safe light of solar study lamps enhances children’s study hours, reduces kerosene consumptions for lighting and improvement in total electricity expenditure. K-mean cluster analysis was conducted to identify the group of children based on total study time for baseline and impact. The findings show that a significant number of children moves towards higher study time group for impact compared to baseline.
{"title":"Solar Study Lamps target to brighten 1 Million Lives: Experimental evidence from Pilot project in India","authors":"Rohit Sharma, Deepak, N. Arora, J. Venkateswaran, C. Solanki","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547474","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of sufficient lighting severely sabotage children’s ability to study after-school in the evening at home in rural India and therefore, restricts their academic performance in the classrooms. It is expected that 81.2 million students are likely to use kerosene for their basic lighting needs, which restrict their study through lower lumen lighting, indoor air pollution, and negative health impacts. This paper based on the million SoUL program (MSP) survey of 873 households examine that the luminous, clean, cost-effective, and safe light of solar study lamps enhances children’s study hours, reduces kerosene consumptions for lighting and improvement in total electricity expenditure. K-mean cluster analysis was conducted to identify the group of children based on total study time for baseline and impact. The findings show that a significant number of children moves towards higher study time group for impact compared to baseline.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"2413-2416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89618878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547714
A. Grede, G. S. Brulo, Andrew J. Ren, Matthew D. Lenko, C. Rahn, N. Giebink
Planar microtracking concentrating photovoltaic systems allow higher power generation in area-constrained applications. Maintaining the form factor of traditional solar panels requires a high-accuracy integrated lateral-microtracking system. We constructed a shape memory alloy-based actuator which can translate the microcells between a catadioptric pair of lenslet arrays using a few of the cells offset for feedback. This motorless approach provides a simple mechanical microtracking system with $10~mu mathrm {m}$ precision over a 14mm throw powered by $ < 1$ % of the panel-generated power.
平面微跟踪聚光光伏系统允许在面积受限的应用中产生更高的功率。为了保持传统太阳能电池板的外形，需要一个高精度的集成横向微跟踪系统。我们构建了一种基于形状记忆合金的致动器，该致动器可以利用少量的微单元偏移作为反馈，实现微单元在反射透镜阵列对之间的平移。这种无电机方法提供了一个简单的机械微跟踪系统，在14mm的投掷范围内具有10~mu math {m}$的精度，由$ < 1$ %的面板产生的功率提供动力。
{"title":"Motorless Microtracking for Rooftop CPV","authors":"A. Grede, G. S. Brulo, Andrew J. Ren, Matthew D. Lenko, C. Rahn, N. Giebink","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547714","url":null,"abstract":"Planar microtracking concentrating photovoltaic systems allow higher power generation in area-constrained applications. Maintaining the form factor of traditional solar panels requires a high-accuracy integrated lateral-microtracking system. We constructed a shape memory alloy-based actuator which can translate the microcells between a catadioptric pair of lenslet arrays using a few of the cells offset for feedback. This motorless approach provides a simple mechanical microtracking system with $10~mu mathrm {m}$ precision over a 14mm throw powered by $ < 1$ % of the panel-generated power.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1648-1651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547440
Chin-Tai Chen, Chung-Hung Yen
In this study, a nanomaterial printer (Dimatix, DMP-2800) was used to inkjet-print titanium dioxide (TiO2) for construction of a large area of photoelectrode pattern. The inkjet printing technology exhibits many advantages including mask-less (digital) construction of film patterns and fine control (drop-on-demand) of film thickness. The TiO2 photoelectrode was eventually formed with a nanoporous structure of particle size of $40 sim60$ nm after sintering at 450°C, largely increasing adsorption of the dye N719. It was dyed and bonded with a platinum (Pt) counter electrodeto produce a large-area dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) module, yielding a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.91%.
{"title":"Inkjet Printing of TiO2 Photoelectrodes and Manufacturing of Large-Area Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Modules","authors":"Chin-Tai Chen, Chung-Hung Yen","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547440","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a nanomaterial printer (Dimatix, DMP-2800) was used to inkjet-print titanium dioxide (TiO2) for construction of a large area of photoelectrode pattern. The inkjet printing technology exhibits many advantages including mask-less (digital) construction of film patterns and fine control (drop-on-demand) of film thickness. The TiO2 photoelectrode was eventually formed with a nanoporous structure of particle size of $40 sim60$ nm after sintering at 450°C, largely increasing adsorption of the dye N719. It was dyed and bonded with a platinum (Pt) counter electrodeto produce a large-area dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) module, yielding a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.91%.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1095-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90084318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547447
I. Cole, T. Betts
Advances in satellite image acquisition systems and data availability present exciting opportunities for solar irradiance analysis, especially regarding albedo irradiance which becomes a significant energy harvest contributor when considering bifacial PV modules. This paper demonstrates a methodology for wide area albedo irradiance assessment using multiband (spectrally resolved) satellite imagery. A sample 10-band multispectral image of a 0.75 km2 region with a pixel resolution of 0.25 m2 is used to demonstrate the localized, contextual nature of spectral reflections. Combining spectral reflection data with silicon spectral response curves shows variations in the sample region of 30% in reflected conversion efficiencies. Variations in average photon energy of approximately 0.05 eV are found across the sample region for spectra with 30% additional reflected contributions.
{"title":"Analysis of Albedo Irradiance Utilizing Multiband (Spectrally Resolved) Satellite Imagery","authors":"I. Cole, T. Betts","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547447","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in satellite image acquisition systems and data availability present exciting opportunities for solar irradiance analysis, especially regarding albedo irradiance which becomes a significant energy harvest contributor when considering bifacial PV modules. This paper demonstrates a methodology for wide area albedo irradiance assessment using multiband (spectrally resolved) satellite imagery. A sample 10-band multispectral image of a 0.75 km2 region with a pixel resolution of 0.25 m2 is used to demonstrate the localized, contextual nature of spectral reflections. Combining spectral reflection data with silicon spectral response curves shows variations in the sample region of 30% in reflected conversion efficiencies. Variations in average photon energy of approximately 0.05 eV are found across the sample region for spectra with 30% additional reflected contributions.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"2288-2292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90394709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547401
J. Braid, Trey D. Wager, Alexandra Longacre, B. Huey, R. French
PERC cells are projected to comprise 35% of the p-type silicon cells produced in 2018, due to their 10% relative improvement in power conversion efficiency over AlBSF with only a marginal increase in manufacturing costs. Known risks of PERC cells, including light-induced degradation and passivation layer stability, are of key concern in this fastgrowing market. Here we measure performance and mechanistic parameters of bare PERC and Al-BSF cells stepwise through UV + heat exposure by ${Suns} - V_{OC}$, external quantum efficiency, and microwave photoconductive decay to obtain timeseries of mechanistic and performance variables to evaluate in our < Stress|Stress|Mechanism|Response> analytic framework. With the creation of statistical models relating these variables, individual degradation modes are determined and ranked for PERC and Al-BSF cells. By comparing PERC and Al-BSF cells, we can identify PERC-specific degradation modes and inform future mitigation strategies. In this study, PERC cells showed two significant pathways related to power loss: one via degradation of the minority carrier lifetime and diffusion/rear side recombination, and another via bulk/emitter recombination and voltage losses.
{"title":"Initial Stability of PERC vs. Al-BSF Cells","authors":"J. Braid, Trey D. Wager, Alexandra Longacre, B. Huey, R. French","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547401","url":null,"abstract":"PERC cells are projected to comprise 35% of the p-type silicon cells produced in 2018, due to their 10% relative improvement in power conversion efficiency over AlBSF with only a marginal increase in manufacturing costs. Known risks of PERC cells, including light-induced degradation and passivation layer stability, are of key concern in this fastgrowing market. Here we measure performance and mechanistic parameters of bare PERC and Al-BSF cells stepwise through UV + heat exposure by ${Suns} - V_{OC}$, external quantum efficiency, and microwave photoconductive decay to obtain timeseries of mechanistic and performance variables to evaluate in our < Stress|Stress|Mechanism|Response> analytic framework. With the creation of statistical models relating these variables, individual degradation modes are determined and ranked for PERC and Al-BSF cells. By comparing PERC and Al-BSF cells, we can identify PERC-specific degradation modes and inform future mitigation strategies. In this study, PERC cells showed two significant pathways related to power loss: one via degradation of the minority carrier lifetime and diffusion/rear side recombination, and another via bulk/emitter recombination and voltage losses.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1255-1260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547323
Mark Mikofski, M. Lynn, James Byrne, M. Hamer, A. Neubert, J. Newmiller
Accurate performance prediction of large PV systems with shading is challenging because computational complexity increases with system size. Solar Farmer is a new PV performance model with 3-D shading. Comparing predictions with measurements from the NIST PV test bed we observed a decrease in the annual difference of 17% between module and submodule shading. By varying the resolution of shading from module to cell level, we also determined that 5 points persubmodule, resulting in a 0.5% annual difference, was sufficient to accurately predict performance of shaded systems. Therefore, a balance of accuracy and computational expense was achieved allowing performance predictions of large PV systems with shade.
{"title":"Accurate Performance Predictions of Large PV Systems with Shading using Submodule Mismatch Calculation","authors":"Mark Mikofski, M. Lynn, James Byrne, M. Hamer, A. Neubert, J. Newmiller","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547323","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate performance prediction of large PV systems with shading is challenging because computational complexity increases with system size. Solar Farmer is a new PV performance model with 3-D shading. Comparing predictions with measurements from the NIST PV test bed we observed a decrease in the annual difference of 17% between module and submodule shading. By varying the resolution of shading from module to cell level, we also determined that 5 points persubmodule, resulting in a 0.5% annual difference, was sufficient to accurately predict performance of shaded systems. Therefore, a balance of accuracy and computational expense was achieved allowing performance predictions of large PV systems with shade.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"189 1","pages":"3635-3639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76845413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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