Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548044
L. Fraas, Liangliang Tang, Yi Zhang
An optimized design of a Heterojunction N+ on P GaSb thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell with hydrogenated amorphous silicon interface passivation is presented. The N+ layer is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The interface recombination rate between the p-GaSb and a-Si:H(i) layers is found to have an important effect on cell performance. If this recombination rate can be reduced to 105cm/s, the internal quantum efficiency in the wave range of 600 1700 nm surpasses 95% and the output power density reaches 2W/cm2 under a given blackbody radiation of 1500K. The high minority carrier electron mobility and diffusion length in the p-GaSb leads to the high internal quantum efficiency. A potential advantage of this cell is its simple cell fabrication process for low cost in high volume manufacturing. Another advantage for this cell for TPV systems is a built in short pass plasma filter with a high reflectivity at longer wavelengths.
{"title":"Designing a Heterojunction N+ on P GaSb Thermophotovoltaic Cell with hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Interface Passivation","authors":"L. Fraas, Liangliang Tang, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548044","url":null,"abstract":"An optimized design of a Heterojunction N+ on P GaSb thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell with hydrogenated amorphous silicon interface passivation is presented. The N+ layer is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The interface recombination rate between the p-GaSb and a-Si:H(i) layers is found to have an important effect on cell performance. If this recombination rate can be reduced to 105cm/s, the internal quantum efficiency in the wave range of 600 1700 nm surpasses 95% and the output power density reaches 2W/cm2 under a given blackbody radiation of 1500K. The high minority carrier electron mobility and diffusion length in the p-GaSb leads to the high internal quantum efficiency. A potential advantage of this cell is its simple cell fabrication process for low cost in high volume manufacturing. Another advantage for this cell for TPV systems is a built in short pass plasma filter with a high reflectivity at longer wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0887-0890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78008422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548231
W. Holmgren, Clifford W. Hansen, J. Stein, Mark Mikofski
Solar power researchers and engineers are developing a growing number of open source software tools for energy modeling. This paper and its accompanying website aim to catalog these tools. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for funding open source PV software and for maintaining the open source PV modeling community.
{"title":"Review of Open Source Tools for PV Modeling","authors":"W. Holmgren, Clifford W. Hansen, J. Stein, Mark Mikofski","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548231","url":null,"abstract":"Solar power researchers and engineers are developing a growing number of open source software tools for energy modeling. This paper and its accompanying website aim to catalog these tools. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for funding open source PV software and for maintaining the open source PV modeling community.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"2557-2560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78086138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548217
L. Partain, Shirley Hansen, A. Newland, L. Fraas, J. Stagner, James Stack, Richard Hansen
Regression analysis of measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations, global mean surface temperatures and human-managed world-GDP indicate that Paris Agreement thresholds of temperature rises of 1.5 and 2 ° C will be reached in 2026 and 2038 + 7 years respectively unless fossil fuel burning is sharply reduced. City of Palo Alto Utilities’ 2017 electricity generation was 100% renewables and that of Stanford University was 68%. The California Independent System Operator is well on its way to supplying mandated 33% of the state's electricity from renewables by 2020 and 50% by 2030. However raising that to 100% will be very challenging but not impossible.
对实测大气二氧化碳浓度、全球平均地表温度和人为控制的世界gdp的回归分析表明，除非化石燃料燃烧大幅减少，否则将在2026年和2038 + 7年分别达到《巴黎协定》规定的温度上升1.5°C和2°C的阈值。帕洛阿尔托市公用事业公司2017年的发电量是100%的可再生能源，斯坦福大学的发电量是68%。加州独立系统运营商(The California Independent System Operator)正在努力实现到2020年可再生能源发电占该州电力总量的33%，到2030年达到50%的目标。然而，将这一比例提高到100%将非常具有挑战性，但并非不可能。
{"title":"Transitioning to Solar Cell and Wind Power Before Climate Change Threatens World Civilization","authors":"L. Partain, Shirley Hansen, A. Newland, L. Fraas, J. Stagner, James Stack, Richard Hansen","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548217","url":null,"abstract":"Regression analysis of measured atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations, global mean surface temperatures and human-managed world-GDP indicate that Paris Agreement thresholds of temperature rises of 1.5 and 2 ° C will be reached in 2026 and 2038 + 7 years respectively unless fossil fuel burning is sharply reduced. City of Palo Alto Utilities’ 2017 electricity generation was 100% renewables and that of Stanford University was 68%. The California Independent System Operator is well on its way to supplying mandated 33% of the state's electricity from renewables by 2020 and 50% by 2030. However raising that to 100% will be very challenging but not impossible.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"111 1","pages":"2467-2472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73161804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548137
S. Wasmer, A. Fell, J. Greulich
We determine the uncertainties on simulated efficiencies of silicon solar cells due to uncertainties of the fundamental physical models. For this end, we refit well-known models of numerical device simulations in order to acquire the uncertainties of the model parameters from the underlying measurement data. In a metamodeling and Monte Carlo simulation study, we then deduce how these propagate to the simulated solar cell efficiency. This is done for 150 $mu$ m thick 1 $Omega$ cm p-type standard and advanced silicon passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC) and for the limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells. We find uncertainties given by one standard deviation of 0.021%abs for usual PERC solar cells and 0.068%abs in case of the limiting efficiency. In a variance based sensitivity analysis, we find the uncertainties of the model parameters of the Auger recombination and the minority charge carrier mobility to contribute the most to the efficiency uncertainty. Besides these, we determine comparably large efficiency discrepancies of up to 0.6%abs for the two most prominent bandgap narrowing models, highlighting the necessity of further research on this topic.
由于基本物理模型的不确定性，我们确定了硅太阳能电池模拟效率的不确定性。为此，我们对众所周知的数值器件模拟模型进行了改造，以便从潜在的测量数据中获得模型参数的不确定性。在元建模和蒙特卡罗模拟研究中，我们然后推断这些如何传播到模拟的太阳能电池效率。这是针对150 $mu$ m厚1 $Omega$ cm p型标准和先进的硅钝化发射极和后部电池(PERC)以及硅太阳能电池的极限效率进行的。我们发现一个标准差为0.021的不确定性%abs for usual PERC solar cells and 0.068%abs in case of the limiting efficiency. In a variance based sensitivity analysis, we find the uncertainties of the model parameters of the Auger recombination and the minority charge carrier mobility to contribute the most to the efficiency uncertainty. Besides these, we determine comparably large efficiency discrepancies of up to 0.6%abs for the two most prominent bandgap narrowing models, highlighting the necessity of further research on this topic.
{"title":"Impact of Uncertainties of Fundamental Models on Simulated Silicon Solar Cell Efficiencies","authors":"S. Wasmer, A. Fell, J. Greulich","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548137","url":null,"abstract":"We determine the uncertainties on simulated efficiencies of silicon solar cells due to uncertainties of the fundamental physical models. For this end, we refit well-known models of numerical device simulations in order to acquire the uncertainties of the model parameters from the underlying measurement data. In a metamodeling and Monte Carlo simulation study, we then deduce how these propagate to the simulated solar cell efficiency. This is done for 150 $mu$ m thick 1 $Omega$ cm p-type standard and advanced silicon passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC) and for the limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells. We find uncertainties given by one standard deviation of 0.021%abs for usual PERC solar cells and 0.068%abs in case of the limiting efficiency. In a variance based sensitivity analysis, we find the uncertainties of the model parameters of the Auger recombination and the minority charge carrier mobility to contribute the most to the efficiency uncertainty. Besides these, we determine comparably large efficiency discrepancies of up to 0.6%abs for the two most prominent bandgap narrowing models, highlighting the necessity of further research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"2658-2662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73180578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547337
P. Muralidharan, S. Bowden, S. Goodnick, D. Vasileska
Silicon heterojunction solar cells comprised of crystalline silicon and a thin amorphous silicon top layer, have consistently achieved record device efficiencies in recent years for Si devices. In particular, the intrinsic amorphous layer provides passivation at the a-Si/c-Si heterointerface that facilitates high $mathrm {V}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {c}}'mathrm {s}$. However, this heterointerface also results in high fields where hot carrier effects may dominate, in contrast to low-field diffusive transport which is prevalent in the bulk of the device. In this paper we present a fully coupled self-consistent drift-diffusion-Monte Carlo (DD-MC) solver that connects the Lowfield physics of the drift-diffusion model with the high-field physics of the Monte Carlo domain at the interface.
{"title":"A Multiscale Model to Study Transport in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells","authors":"P. Muralidharan, S. Bowden, S. Goodnick, D. Vasileska","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547337","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon heterojunction solar cells comprised of crystalline silicon and a thin amorphous silicon top layer, have consistently achieved record device efficiencies in recent years for Si devices. In particular, the intrinsic amorphous layer provides passivation at the a-Si/c-Si heterointerface that facilitates high $mathrm {V}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {c}}'mathrm {s}$. However, this heterointerface also results in high fields where hot carrier effects may dominate, in contrast to low-field diffusive transport which is prevalent in the bulk of the device. In this paper we present a fully coupled self-consistent drift-diffusion-Monte Carlo (DD-MC) solver that connects the Lowfield physics of the drift-diffusion model with the high-field physics of the Monte Carlo domain at the interface.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"3200-3203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73298199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548134
W. V. van Sark, Joost van Leeuwen, E. Bontekoe, A. Louwen, I. Weiss, S. Arancón, M. Tabakovic, H. Fechner, G. Georghiou, G. Makrides, M. Hadjipanayi, E. Loucaidou, Monica Ioannidou
It is generally expected that in the future, photovoltaics will be able to contribute substantially to the mainstream power production, and that through their widespread commercialization, Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) systems will become the backbone of the zero energy building (ZEB) European target for 2020 [1]. An outlook on the BIPV market estimated the worldwide installed BIPV capacity during 2016 to nearly 2 GW, confirming the growing trend, increasing by 12.6% compared to 2015, when 1.78 GW were installed [2]. But the integration of BIPV is still going slow, which is unfortunate considering its potential. Despite technical promise, there is a notable disparity between the progress made in terms of the technology and the knowledge and skills of the professionals (architects, engineers, designers, planners) who are ultimately responsible for the integration of BIPV systems. This paper presents the results of the Dem4BIPV project, which has been designed to develop master-level courseware on BIPV for various European academic institutes. The structure of the lectures, the ideas behind practical assignments and on potential examquestions will be presented. Furthermore, a conceptualframework of the curriculum’s content will be presented. The goal of the project is to develop ˜40 ECTS master-curriculum focusing on BIPV.
{"title":"BIPV courseware for higher education and professionals","authors":"W. V. van Sark, Joost van Leeuwen, E. Bontekoe, A. Louwen, I. Weiss, S. Arancón, M. Tabakovic, H. Fechner, G. Georghiou, G. Makrides, M. Hadjipanayi, E. Loucaidou, Monica Ioannidou","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548134","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally expected that in the future, photovoltaics will be able to contribute substantially to the mainstream power production, and that through their widespread commercialization, Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) systems will become the backbone of the zero energy building (ZEB) European target for 2020 [1]. An outlook on the BIPV market estimated the worldwide installed BIPV capacity during 2016 to nearly 2 GW, confirming the growing trend, increasing by 12.6% compared to 2015, when 1.78 GW were installed [2]. But the integration of BIPV is still going slow, which is unfortunate considering its potential. Despite technical promise, there is a notable disparity between the progress made in terms of the technology and the knowledge and skills of the professionals (architects, engineers, designers, planners) who are ultimately responsible for the integration of BIPV systems. This paper presents the results of the Dem4BIPV project, which has been designed to develop master-level courseware on BIPV for various European academic institutes. The structure of the lectures, the ideas behind practical assignments and on potential examquestions will be presented. Furthermore, a conceptualframework of the curriculum’s content will be presented. The goal of the project is to develop ˜40 ECTS master-curriculum focusing on BIPV.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"90 1","pages":"2476-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80328248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547838
Lung-Hsing Hsu, Yuh-Jen Cheng, P. Yu, H. Kuo, C. Lin
InN selective-area-growth on patterned GaN templates was employed by nano-imprint lithography and LPMOCVD epitaxy. ITO rods were deposited by oblique-angle electron beam evaporation. The X-ray diffraction patterns provide the hexagonal orientation of patterned InN crystals. The broad band signal and peak energy blue-shift phenomenon due to higher Fermi-level to acceptor emission were investigated by photoluminescence (PL). The Raman-shifts characterized the high-quality patterned InN growth. InN nanostructures/ITO rods enhanced broadband and angle-independent anti-reflection. It was demonstrated with near-infrared response by a tunable laser illumination (1470 ˜1580 nm), and the portion photocurrent (920 nm long pass) exhibits 33° measured via AM1.5G solar simulated spectra.
{"title":"Optical Properties of Patterned InN in Photodetection Devices","authors":"Lung-Hsing Hsu, Yuh-Jen Cheng, P. Yu, H. Kuo, C. Lin","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547838","url":null,"abstract":"InN selective-area-growth on patterned GaN templates was employed by nano-imprint lithography and LPMOCVD epitaxy. ITO rods were deposited by oblique-angle electron beam evaporation. The X-ray diffraction patterns provide the hexagonal orientation of patterned InN crystals. The broad band signal and peak energy blue-shift phenomenon due to higher Fermi-level to acceptor emission were investigated by photoluminescence (PL). The Raman-shifts characterized the high-quality patterned InN growth. InN nanostructures/ITO rods enhanced broadband and angle-independent anti-reflection. It was demonstrated with near-infrared response by a tunable laser illumination (1470 ˜1580 nm), and the portion photocurrent (920 nm long pass) exhibits 33° measured via AM1.5G solar simulated spectra.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1806-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81341903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547843
Ayame Mizuno, G. Yamada, N. Ohtani
A Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using anthocyanin dyes extracted from frozen blueberry using the column chromatography method. To determine the best anthocyanin extraction protocol, we tested different kinds of developing solvents by changing the ratio of methanol, acetic acid, or HCL, and pure water. In addition, we used three kinds of frozen blueberries: soaked in acetic acid for 24 hours, only soaking the skin in acetic acid for 24 hours, and without soaking in acetic acid. The best developing solvent was a ratio of 9:2:9 with blueberry that was not soaked in acetic acid, resulting in a PCE over 0.8%.
{"title":"Natural dye-sensitized solar cells containing anthocyanin dyes extracted from frozen blueberry using column chromatography method","authors":"Ayame Mizuno, G. Yamada, N. Ohtani","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547843","url":null,"abstract":"A Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using anthocyanin dyes extracted from frozen blueberry using the column chromatography method. To determine the best anthocyanin extraction protocol, we tested different kinds of developing solvents by changing the ratio of methanol, acetic acid, or HCL, and pure water. In addition, we used three kinds of frozen blueberries: soaked in acetic acid for 24 hours, only soaking the skin in acetic acid for 24 hours, and without soaking in acetic acid. The best developing solvent was a ratio of 9:2:9 with blueberry that was not soaked in acetic acid, resulting in a PCE over 0.8%.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"1129-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81780881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cu$_{mathbf {2}}$ZnSnS$_{mathbf {4}}$ (CZTS) has been regarded as one of the most promising candidate for second generation solar cell and has attracted great attention recently. However, its current relative low efficiency limits its future development. In this contribution, partial Ag alloying method has been used to boost efficiency of CZTS solar cell. With Ag alloying, the microstructure has been improved and non-radiative recombination is suppressed. Consequently, the efficiency boost significantly from 7.8% to 8.8%.
{"title":"Efficiency Improvement of High Band Gap Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell Achieved by Silver Incorporation","authors":"Chang Yan, Jialiang Huang, Kaiwen Sun, Yuanfang Zhang, M. Green, X. Hao","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547906","url":null,"abstract":"Cu$_{mathbf {2}}$ZnSnS$_{mathbf {4}}$ (CZTS) has been regarded as one of the most promising candidate for second generation solar cell and has attracted great attention recently. However, its current relative low efficiency limits its future development. In this contribution, partial Ag alloying method has been used to boost efficiency of CZTS solar cell. With Ag alloying, the microstructure has been improved and non-radiative recombination is suppressed. Consequently, the efficiency boost significantly from 7.8% to 8.8%.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"3709-3711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82466779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548049
M. Gostein, K. Passow, M. Deceglie, L. Micheli, B. Stueve
We examine the correlation between monthly PV system soiling rates over a multi-year period within two groups of First Solar soiling stations in separate regions of California as a function of site separation. The results demonstrate large seasonal variations in monthly soiling rates, with seasonal patterns that differ between sites. Monthly patterns at nearby sites were more highly correlated, suggesting that soiling rates can be strongly affected by local geography and weather. For the two regions studied, soiling rate pattern correlation diminished beyond a distance on the order of 50 km.
{"title":"Local Variability in PV Soiling Rate","authors":"M. Gostein, K. Passow, M. Deceglie, L. Micheli, B. Stueve","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548049","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the correlation between monthly PV system soiling rates over a multi-year period within two groups of First Solar soiling stations in separate regions of California as a function of site separation. The results demonstrate large seasonal variations in monthly soiling rates, with seasonal patterns that differ between sites. Monthly patterns at nearby sites were more highly correlated, suggesting that soiling rates can be strongly affected by local geography and weather. For the two regions studied, soiling rate pattern correlation diminished beyond a distance on the order of 50 km.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"59 1","pages":"3421-3425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75971773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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