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2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)最新文献

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Ontological Formulation of Microgrid Control System for Interoperability 面向互操作性的微电网控制系统本体表述
Aravind Ingalalli, Ravish Kumar, S. Bhadra
IEC 61850 and Common Information Model (CIM) (IEC 61968/61970) are predominantly used in smart grid domain to achieve the interoperability. CIM focuses on the organizational structures of different components within the smart grid while IEC 61850 focuses on the structure of information exchanges between field devices and systems. CIM can possibly be used for power system domain ontology and indeed for physical modeling too. On the other hand, the IEC 61850-7-420 defines object classes for assets such as Distributed Energy Resource (DER) which may include solar generation, storage, diesel generators etc., DER unit controllers, and other DER-associated power electronic devices (e.g., inverter). These object classes describe asset-specific attributes such as type of assets, set points, state of charge, limits, and ramp rate etc. While acknowledging the cumbersomeness involved in IEC 61850 engineering, there is a need to develop an easily engineer-able and interoperable system that would achieve the efficient operation of microgrid control system. In this paper, we have modelled a subset of microgrid system using different semantic models and tried to formulate the ontology to achieve an intended interoperable information model. The proposed model generation and deployment would achieve easy integration and autonomous operation of devices from different vendors with different information models.
智能电网领域主要采用IEC 61850和通用信息模型(CIM) (IEC 61968/61970)实现互操作性。CIM侧重于智能电网中不同组件的组织结构,而IEC 61850侧重于现场设备和系统之间信息交换的结构。CIM不仅可以用于电力系统领域本体,还可以用于物理建模。另一方面,IEC 61850-7-420定义了分布式能源(DER)等资产的对象类,其中可能包括太阳能发电,存储,柴油发电机等,DER单元控制器和其他与DER相关的电力电子设备(例如逆变器)。这些对象类描述了特定于资产的属性,如资产类型、设置点、收费状态、限制和渐变速率等。虽然承认IEC 61850工程涉及的繁琐,但有必要开发一种易于工程设计和互操作的系统,以实现微电网控制系统的有效运行。在本文中,我们使用不同的语义模型对微电网系统子集进行建模,并试图制定本体以实现预期的可互操作的信息模型。所提出的模型生成和部署可以实现不同厂商不同信息模型设备的轻松集成和自主操作。
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引用次数: 2
Runtime Vulnerability Discovery as a Service on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Systems 工业物联网(IIoT)系统的运行时漏洞发现服务
J. L. Flores, Imanol Mugarza
The IoT and IIoT paradigms are creating new business opportunities. However, high-interconnectivity among all objects introduce new security concerns and challenges. Security is not a product, but a process. Security tests and audits have to constantly be accomplished. Once a security flaw is detected, a software patch fixing the security weakness could be then produced. This continuous security evaluation, which is iterative, might be expensive. In this paper, a novel vulnerability discovery approach is presented: Hadros. The particularity of the proposed design is that security tests are distributively executed among all the deployed IoT/IIoT nodes and performed at the idle time of the system, while runtime. Hadros is suitable and advantageous for the IoT and IIoT era, due to the fact that testing coverage is broadly increased as more devices are incorporated. Meanwhile, resources employed by the security researchers are also significantly reduced.
物联网和工业物联网模式正在创造新的商业机会。然而,所有对象之间的高度互联性带来了新的安全问题和挑战。安全不是一个产品,而是一个过程。必须不断地完成安全性测试和审计。一旦检测到安全漏洞,就可以制作修复安全漏洞的软件补丁。这种持续的安全评估是迭代的,可能会很昂贵。本文提出了一种新的漏洞发现方法:Hadros。该设计的特殊性在于,安全测试在所有部署的IoT/IIoT节点之间分布式执行,并在系统空闲时间运行时执行。Hadros适用于物联网(IoT)和工业物联网(IIoT)时代,因为随着更多设备的加入,测试覆盖范围大大增加。同时,安全研究人员所使用的资源也大大减少。
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引用次数: 4
Improved Domain Modeling for Realistic Automated Planning and Scheduling in Discrete Manufacturing 离散制造中面向现实自动化计划调度的改进领域建模
Antje Rogalla, A. Fay, O. Niggemann
Current production planning and scheduling systems in automation do not meet the requirements of modern individualized production. Today's, static production processes impede customized manufacturing and small-scale production. A new way of thinking towards a dynamic control is required. This paper focuses on automated integrated process planning and scheduling on control level in discrete manufacturing. Existing algorithms in artificial intelligence planning are applied to solve process planning and scheduling problems. The challenge is to model the manufacturing system and products in a way that automated planners can generate efficiently process plans and schedules. Hence, based on a general classification of operations, different modeling options with regard to a successful automated process planning and scheduling are discussed. As a result, a domain modeling approach for discrete manufacturing is presented.
现有的自动化生产计划调度系统已不能满足现代个性化生产的要求。今天,静态的生产过程阻碍了定制制造和小规模生产。需要对动态控制进行新的思考。本文主要研究离散制造中控制层面的自动化集成工艺规划与调度问题。应用人工智能规划中的现有算法来解决工艺规划和调度问题。挑战在于对制造系统和产品进行建模,使自动化计划人员能够有效地生成过程计划和时间表。因此,基于操作的一般分类,讨论了与成功的自动化过程计划和调度相关的不同建模选项。为此,提出了一种面向离散制造的领域建模方法。
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引用次数: 17
An Ensemble of fuzzy Class-Biased Networks for Product Quality Estimation 一种用于产品质量估计的模糊类偏网络集成
Shanmugasivam Pillai, Naveen John Punnoose, P. Vadakkepat, A. Loh, Kee Jin Lee
Factories are increasingly pushing towards automation and data-centric approaches under the current Industry 4.0 standards. Early-stage product quality estimation is identified as one of the solutions that can significantly reduce manufacturing cost and wastage. However, quality estimation is a classification problem that is inherently challenging for traditional data-driven algorithms due to its imbalanced nature. In this paper, a framework is proposed, that combines the feature extraction capabilities of convolutional neural networks and the domain knowledge characteristics of fuzzy systems. The proposed method addresses data imbalance using an ensemble of class-biased individuals, that learn features using a class-weighted loss function. Experiments were conducted using a benchmark dataset and production data acquired from the semiconductor industry. Improvements were noted for G-Mean and ROC-AVC values when compared to existing algorithms.
在当前的工业4.0标准下,工厂越来越多地推动自动化和以数据为中心的方法。早期产品质量评估被认为是能够显著降低制造成本和浪费的解决方案之一。然而,质量估计是一个分类问题,由于其不平衡的性质,对传统的数据驱动算法具有固有的挑战性。本文提出了一种将卷积神经网络的特征提取能力与模糊系统的领域知识特征相结合的框架。提出的方法使用类偏向个体的集合来解决数据不平衡问题,这些个体使用类加权损失函数来学习特征。实验使用基准数据集和从半导体行业获得的生产数据进行。与现有算法相比,G-Mean和ROC-AVC值得到了改进。
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引用次数: 3
Application of the Internet of Things (IoT) Technology in Consumer Electronics - Case Study 物联网(IoT)技术在消费电子产品中的应用-案例研究
A. Ożadowicz, Jakub Grela, Lukasz Wisniewski, Krzysztof Smok
In this paper, an alternative and new approach to embed sophisticated Internet of Things (IoT) functionality into consumer electronic devices has been proposed. The approach has been evaluated by implementing it into an electric kettle. The proposed concept includes a new communication architecture, data models as well as the possibility to create user profiles. Moreover, it is compatible with the building automation and control systems (BACS) and other available IoT solutions. The presented evaluation shows that by careful consideration of the power consumption, there is a high potential to a safe significant amount of energy, especially if it is scaled up to the number of potential users. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed architecture is very flexible and can be extended with several other functionalities or profiles, depended on the requirements and addressed device type.
本文提出了一种将复杂的物联网(IoT)功能嵌入消费电子设备的替代方法。通过在电水壶中实施该方法,对该方法进行了评估。提出的概念包括一个新的通信架构、数据模型以及创建用户配置文件的可能性。此外,它与楼宇自动化和控制系统(BACS)以及其他可用的物联网解决方案兼容。所提出的评估表明,通过仔细考虑电力消耗,有很高的潜力获得安全的大量能源,特别是如果将其扩大到潜在用户的数量。此外,还表明所提出的体系结构非常灵活,并且可以根据需求和所处理的设备类型扩展到其他几个功能或配置文件。
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引用次数: 4
Moving Average control chart for the detection and isolation of temporal faults in stochastic Petri nets 随机Petri网时间故障检测与隔离的移动平均控制图
Sara Rachidi, E. Leclercq, Yoann Pigné, D. Lefebvre
This paper deals with problems of detection and isolation of temporal faults in timed stochastic discrete event systems. Partially labeled timed Petri nets are used to model the considered systems. Temporal faults corresponding to significant variations of the support of the probability density function (pdf) are considered. A pdf represents the firing duration of each transition. A Moving Average control chart (also known as a Moving Mean chart) is applied in order to detect the variation of mean duration. The advantages of the proposed analysis are to detect variations in time series when parameters vary slowly and to isolate the faults thanks to the signature table.
研究了定时随机离散事件系统中时间故障的检测与隔离问题。使用部分标记的定时Petri网对所考虑的系统进行建模。考虑了概率密度函数(pdf)支持度显著变化所对应的时间断层。pdf表示每个转换的触发持续时间。移动平均控制图(也称为移动平均图)用于检测平均持续时间的变化。该分析方法的优点是在参数变化较慢的情况下可以检测到时间序列的变化,并利用特征表隔离故障。
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引用次数: 1
Heterogeneous ITS Architecture for Manned and Unmanned Cars in Suburban Areas 城郊有人驾驶和无人驾驶汽车的异构ITS架构
Salma Emara, Aya Elewa, Omar Wasil, Kholoud Moustafa, Nada Abdel Khalek, A. H. Soliman, Hassan H. Halawa, M. Elsalamouny, R. Daoud, H. Amer, Ahmed K. F. Khattab, H. Elsayed, T. Refaat
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology plays a critical role in maintaining road safety, avoiding accidents and controlling traffic flow. As self driving cars are expected to take over the roads, this paper discusses the intermediate phase in which manned and unmanned cars coexist. A heterogeneous network architecture that simultaneously serves manned and unmanned cars' different requirements in a suburban area is proposed and simulated using Riverbed Modeler. The feasibility of this architecture is examined in three different scenarios: Normal operation, congestion in both directions and Road Side Units (RSU) failure. In normal operation mode, traffic data is sent through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure/Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (V2I/I2V or to RSU) using IEEE 802.11p and infotainment information is communicated as V2I/I2V using Long Term Evolution (LTE). A special case is highlighted and tested, in which congestion is in both directions. In such situation, data needs to be relayed to the nearest RSU using multi-hop communication. A fault-tolerant model is also proposed and analyzed in case of failure of RSU. The performance metrics are end-to-end delay, LTE response time, handover delay and packet loss ratio. The architecture proves its suitability by satisfying traffic control real time application requirements.
车联网(V2X)技术在维护道路安全、避免事故和控制交通流量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。由于自动驾驶汽车有望接管道路,本文讨论了有人驾驶和无人驾驶汽车共存的中间阶段。提出了一种同时满足城郊有人车和无人车不同需求的异构网络架构,并利用Riverbed Modeler进行了仿真。该架构的可行性在三种不同的情况下进行了测试:正常运行、双向拥堵和路旁单元(RSU)故障。在正常运行模式下,交通数据通过IEEE 802.11p通过车辆对车辆(V2V)和车辆对基础设施/基础设施对车辆(V2I/I2V或RSU)发送,信息娱乐信息通过长期演进(LTE)作为V2I/I2V通信。强调并测试了一个特殊的情况,在这个情况下,拥塞是双向的。在这种情况下,需要使用多跳通信将数据中继到最近的RSU。提出了一种容错模型,并对RSU故障的容错模型进行了分析。性能指标包括端到端延迟、LTE响应时间、切换延迟和丢包率。通过满足交通控制实时应用需求,证明了该体系结构的适用性。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-resource sharing scheduling considering uncontrollable environment 考虑不可控环境的多资源共享调度
Mahya Rahimi, E. Dumitrescu, É. Niel
This paper addresses the problem of scheduling through a visual, expressive and formal modeling approach, based on Timed Game Automata (TGA). The originality of the proposed approach lies in integrating various kinds of uncontrollability in the scheduling problem and also the ability of handling the sharing of multiple resources. This uncontrollable behaviors consist of the start time, the duration of the task and the failure occurrence in a schedule which are modeled by TGA. The models have the advantage of being directly exploitable by means of synthesis tools. To obtain the minimum makespan and optimal schedules as the result, a time-optimal reachability game is performed through Tiga tool. The obtained result for a scheduling example shows the huge difference in the obtained schedule with and without considering uncontrollable behaviors.
本文通过一种基于定时游戏自动机(TGA)的可视化、表达性和形式化建模方法来解决调度问题。该方法的创新之处在于将调度问题中的各种不可控性融合在一起,并具有处理多资源共享的能力。这些不可控行为包括任务的开始时间、持续时间和故障在计划中的发生情况,这些不可控行为由TGA建模。该模型具有可通过综合工具直接利用的优点。为了获得最小完工时间和最优调度结果,通过Tiga工具进行了时间最优可达性博弈。一个调度实例的结果表明,在考虑不可控行为的情况下,得到的调度结果存在巨大差异。
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引用次数: 0
Large-Scale Scheduling with Routing, Batching and Release Dates for Wafer Fabs using Tabu Search 使用禁忌搜索的晶圆厂的大规模调度与路由,批处理和发布日期
Clemens Schwenke, Henri Blankenstein, K. Kabitzsch
Semiconductor fabricating facilities (wafer fabs) aim for manageable, heuristics that can reproducibly solve their typical large-scale dynamic complex job shop scheduling problems. Hence, the main contribution of this work is a deterministic tabu search algorithm that sequences, routes and batches the process operations of a continuous reentrant material flow using a large-scale mix of single, flexible (parallel) and batch machines. Due to continuous production, release dates and due dates are considered to minimize job tardiness. Using known large-scale benchmark instances, sixteen neighborhood structures are validated to find a practical compromise between solution quality and computational effort. The result is a novel combination of neighborhoods for simultaneous sequencing, routing and batching that finds good schedules for problem instances of industrial size and complexity in an acceptable time.
半导体制造设施(晶圆厂)的目标是可管理的,启发式的,可以重复地解决其典型的大规模动态复杂作业车间调度问题。因此,这项工作的主要贡献是一种确定性禁忌搜索算法,该算法使用单个,灵活(并行)和批处理机器的大规模混合对连续可重入物料流的过程操作进行排序,路由和批处理。由于持续生产,发布日期和截止日期被认为是最大限度地减少工作延误。使用已知的大规模基准实例,验证了16个邻域结构,以找到解决质量和计算工作量之间的折衷方案。其结果是同时排序、路由和批处理的新邻域组合,在可接受的时间内为工业规模和复杂性的问题实例找到良好的调度。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible Container Platform Architecture for Industrial Robot Control 面向工业机器人控制的柔性容器平台体系结构
Carlos A. Garcia, Marcelo V. García, E. Irisarri, F. Pérez, M. Marcos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez
The adoption of virtualization technologies in the development of software has brought advances in concepts such as flexibility and innovation in the field. The advantages introduced by these emerging solutions are widely known in Cloud Computing and Big Data systems. It should also be noted that these concepts have contributed to spreading such technologies in different contexts. Good examples of this are Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) providing the future smart factories with advanced flexibility in production. In this sense, this paper proposes a flexible container architecture for industrial control. More specifically, it is focused on multi-purpose controllers or mobile anthropomorphic robots making use of a container solution. To this end, key technologies as Docker or IEC 61499, are used to address at the same time the deployment of flexible functions and the virtualization of control, with legacy support.
在软件开发中采用虚拟化技术带来了该领域的灵活性和创新等概念的进步。这些新兴解决方案带来的优势在云计算和大数据系统中广为人知。还应当指出,这些概念有助于在不同情况下传播这些技术。网络物理生产系统(CPPS)和工业物联网(IIoT)就是一个很好的例子,它们为未来的智能工厂提供了先进的生产灵活性。在这个意义上,本文提出了一种灵活的工业控制容器体系结构。更具体地说,它专注于使用容器解决方案的多用途控制器或移动拟人化机器人。为此,使用Docker或IEC 61499等关键技术,同时解决灵活功能的部署和控制的虚拟化,并提供遗留支持。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)
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