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Advanced 5G Open Testbed for Network Applications Experiments 先进的5G网络应用实验开放试验台
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188342
Marius Iordache, Razvan Mihai, Cristian Patachia, J. Brenes, Athina Ropodi, A. Margaris, G. Suciu, Alexandru Vulpe, Nina Slamnik-Kriještorac, A. Gavrielides, E. Giannopoulou
5G Stand Alone (SA) networks are starting to be considered, designed and implemented in multiple countries in various forms (public, private, experimental). 5G SA networks mass adoption is expected to materialize by 2025. Mass deployment is anticipated at a large scale, due to the rich features and capabilities offered by 5G networks, including but not limited to slicing, service orchestration and automation, bringing the benefits of 5G among industry stakeholders and verticals. The concept of Network Applications is gaining momentum, as a way to ease the process of deploying industry-specific services and applications and to integrate them seamlessly with the new 5G networks and customer-specific application components. We target deploying and operating the novel 5G SA testbeds, Network Application and related capabilities in different T&L facilities across Europe. We envision the architectural advancement in terms of 5G features, such as orchestration, multi-slice implementation, Quality of Service (QoS)/Quality of Experience (QoE) and an innovative end-to-end monitoring framework, for network and application KPIs. In this paper, 5G open testbed advancements (3GPP Rel. 16 compliant) and readiness for Network Application experiments in real-life scenarios are presented, integrated as a unitary whole within the ED-funded VITAL-5G project.
5G独立(SA)网络开始在多个国家以各种形式(公共、私人、实验)进行考虑、设计和实施。5G SA网络的大规模采用预计将在2025年实现。由于5G网络提供的丰富特性和功能,包括但不限于切片、服务编排和自动化,预计将大规模部署,为行业利益相关者和垂直行业带来5G的好处。网络应用的概念正在获得动力,作为一种简化部署特定于行业的服务和应用程序的过程,并将其与新的5G网络和特定于客户的应用程序组件无缝集成的方式。我们的目标是在欧洲不同的T&L设施中部署和运营新型5G SA测试平台、网络应用和相关功能。我们设想在5G功能方面的架构进步,如编排、多片实现、服务质量(QoS)/体验质量(QoE)和创新的端到端监控框架,用于网络和应用kpi。在本文中,介绍了5G开放测试平台的进展(符合3GPP Rel. 16标准)和现实场景中网络应用实验的准备情况,并将其集成为ed资助的VITAL-5G项目中的一个整体。
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引用次数: 0
On Employing Deep Learning to Enhance the Performance of 5G NR Two Step RACH Procedure 利用深度学习提高5G NR两步RACH过程性能研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188381
S. Swain, Ashit Subudhi
To meet the latency requirements of various business usecases and applications in 5G New Radio (NR), two step grant-free RACH procedure has been proposed in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) release 16 for granting access to subscribers. However, due to the limited number of preambles, there is a non-zero probability that two mobile User Equipments (UEs) selecting same preamble signatures leading to collisions. Consequently, the base stations (gNBs) in 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) are unable to send a response to the UEs. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of cellular UEs and Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices, the probability of such preamble collisions further increases, thereby leading to reattempts by UEs. This in turn, results in increased latency and reduced channel utilization. In order to reduce contention during preamble access, we propose to use deep learning based models to design a RACH procedure that predicts the incoming connection requests in advance and proactively allocates uplink resources to UEs. We have used Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models to predict UEs which are going to participate in two step RACH procedure. On doing extensive simulations, it is observed that both RNN and LSTM models perform equally good in reducing the number of collisions in a dense user scenario thereby enabling massive user access to 5G network.
为了满足5G新无线电(NR)中各种业务用例和应用的延迟需求,第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)第16版提出了两步无授权RACH流程,用于向用户授予访问权限。然而,由于前导信号的数量有限,两台移动用户设备选择相同的前导信号导致碰撞的概率不为零。因此,5G无线接入网(RAN)中的基站(gnb)无法向终端发送响应。此外,随着蜂窝ue和机器类型通信(MTC)设备数量的增加,这种前导碰撞的概率进一步增加,从而导致ue的重试。这反过来又会导致延迟增加和通道利用率降低。为了减少前置访问中的争用,我们提出使用基于深度学习的模型来设计一个RACH过程,该过程可以提前预测传入的连接请求并主动将上行资源分配给终端。我们使用循环神经网络(RNN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)模型来预测将参与两步RACH过程的ue。通过大量的模拟,可以观察到RNN和LSTM模型在减少密集用户场景中的碰撞数量方面表现同样良好,从而使大量用户能够访问5G网络。
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引用次数: 0
BeGREEN: Beyond 5G Energy Efficient Networking by Hardware Acceleration and AI-Driven Management of Network Functions BeGREEN:通过硬件加速和人工智能驱动的网络功能管理,超越5G节能网络
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188307
M. Ghoraishi, Jose Oriol Sallent, Miguel Catalan-Cid, Guillermo Bielsa, Juan-Francisco Esteban-Rivas, V. Sark, J. G. Terán, Simon Pryor
This paper presents a technical overview of BeGREEN project, a Horizon Europe, Smart Networks and Services Joint-Undertaking (SNS-JU) Phase 1 project kicked off on January 1, 2023 [1]. This paper is intended to describe BeGREEN's technical scope and objectives. These objectives aim at improving energy efficiency of the beyond 5G (B5G) networks. BeGREEN technical agenda includes analysis of the combined energy and spectrum efficiency of the B5G networks, based on massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) scenarios. The project proposes a novel architecture that includes several innovative solutions. An offloading engine is used for hardware acceleration that is a solution for compute-heavy physical layer processing in 5G new radio (5G NR) mMIMO and beyond to improve the processing performance and energy efficiency. The architecture also includes joint communication and sensing (JCAS) for improving energy efficiency of the physical layer functions by, e.g., efficient beam-search and beam tracking, and uses reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) as an enabler for JCAS. BeGreenproposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted energy-aware “Intelligent Plane” as an additional plane along with user plane and data plane, that allows the data, model, and inference to be seamlessly exchanged between network functions. The project also proposes an AI Engine that is consist of an execution environment that can host AI models and will manage their lifecycle and access to data.
本文介绍了地平线欧洲智能网络和服务联合企业(SNS-JU)于2023年1月1日启动的一期项目BeGREEN项目的技术概述[1]。本文旨在描述BeGREEN的技术范围和目标。这些目标旨在提高超5G (B5G)网络的能源效率。BeGREEN技术议程包括基于大规模多输入多输出(mMIMO)场景的B5G网络的综合能量和频谱效率分析。该项目提出了一个新颖的架构,其中包括几个创新的解决方案。卸载引擎用于硬件加速,这是5G新无线电(5G NR) mMIMO及以后计算繁重的物理层处理的解决方案,以提高处理性能和能源效率。该体系结构还包括联合通信和传感(JCAS),通过高效的波束搜索和波束跟踪来提高物理层功能的能量效率,并使用可重构智能表面(RIS)作为JCAS的使能器。begreenin提出了一个人工智能(AI)辅助的能量感知“智能平面”,作为用户平面和数据平面的附加平面,使数据、模型和推理在网络功能之间无缝交换。该项目还提出了一个人工智能引擎,该引擎由一个执行环境组成,该环境可以托管人工智能模型,并将管理其生命周期和对数据的访问。
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引用次数: 0
Photonic-accelerated AI for cybersecurity in sustainable 6G networks 可持续6G网络中的光子加速人工智能网络安全
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188264
E. Paolini, L. Valcarenghi, Luca Maggiani, N. Andriolli
The sixth generation (6G) of mobile communications, expected to be deployed around the year 2030, is predicted to be characterized by ubiquitous connected intelligence. With Artificial Intelligence (AI) operations being deployed in every aspect of future network infrastructure, network security will also evolve from current solutions to intelligent architectures. To meet the massive amount of operations computed by AI models, photonic hardware can be exploited, delivering higher processing speed and computing density and lower power consumption with respect to electronic counterparts. In this paper, we propose a photonic-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) solution able to work on real-time traffic, capable of identifying Denial of Service (DoS) Hulk attacks with 99.73 mean F1-score when exploiting 4 bits. We also compared photonic accelerators with their electronic counterparts, showing limited F1-score degradation, especially in the 4 and 8 bit scenarios.
预计在2030年左右部署的第六代移动通信(6G)将以无处不在的连接智能为特征。随着人工智能(AI)操作部署在未来网络基础设施的各个方面,网络安全也将从当前的解决方案发展到智能架构。为了满足人工智能模型计算的大量操作,可以利用光子硬件,相对于电子同行,提供更高的处理速度和计算密度以及更低的功耗。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于光子的卷积神经网络(CNN)解决方案,能够处理实时流量,能够识别拒绝服务(DoS)浩克攻击,在利用4位时平均f1得分为99.73。我们还将光子加速器与电子加速器进行了比较,显示出有限的f1分数下降,特别是在4位和8位场景下。
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引用次数: 0
Toward Privacy-Preserving Localization and Mapping in eXtended Reality: A Privacy Threat Model 扩展现实中隐私保护的定位与映射:一个隐私威胁模型
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188227
Martina Brachmann, Gregoire Phillips, Utku Gülen, Valentin Tudor
This study focuses on modelling privacy threats in the eXtended Reality (XR) domain with an emphasis on generic localization and mapping processes that run on or are offloaded by widely used equipment such as XR glasses. With the help of a privacy threat assessment framework, we model privacy threats that can affect the different XR processes and equipment. In addition to the threat analysis results, we provide a brief overview of threat mitigation techniques for each threat category. This strengthens privacy in XR processes and equipment and allows for privacy-preserving localization and mapping in XR scenario.
本研究的重点是对扩展现实(XR)领域的隐私威胁进行建模,重点是在XR眼镜等广泛使用的设备上运行或卸载的通用定位和映射过程。在隐私威胁评估框架的帮助下,我们对可能影响不同XR流程和设备的隐私威胁进行建模。除了威胁分析结果之外,我们还简要概述了针对每个威胁类别的威胁缓解技术。这加强了XR流程和设备中的隐私,并允许在XR场景中进行隐私保护的本地化和映射。
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引用次数: 0
EuCNC'23 Committees EuCNC”23日委员会
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit58263.2023.10188271
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Criteria Ground Segment Dimensioning for Non-Geostationary Satellite Constellations 非地球静止卫星星座的多准则地面段尺寸
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188237
V. M. Baeza, Flor G. Ortiz-Gomez, E. Lagunas, T. S. Abdu, S. Chatzinotas
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) satellite constellations are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to terrestrial networks to deliver ubiquitous broadband services. With satellites travelling at high speeds in low altitudes, a more complex ground segment composed of multiple ground stations is required. Determining the appropriate number and geographical location of such ground stations is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a ground segment dimensioning technique that takes into account multiple factors such as rain attenuation, elevation angle, visibility, and geographical constraints as well as user traffic demands. In particular, we propose a methodology to merge all constraints into a single map-grid, which is later used to determine both the number and the location of the ground stations. We present a detailed analysis for a particular constellation combining multiple criteria whose results can serve as benchmarks for future optimization algorithms.
非地球静止轨道(NGSO)卫星星座正日益成为地面网络的替代方案,以提供无处不在的宽带服务。由于卫星在低空高速飞行,需要一个由多个地面站组成的更复杂的地面段。确定这种地面站的适当数目和地理位置是一个具有挑战性的问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种考虑降雨衰减、仰角、能见度、地理限制以及用户交通需求等多种因素的地面段尺寸标注技术。特别是,我们提出了一种将所有约束合并到单个地图网格中的方法,该方法随后用于确定地面站的数量和位置。我们结合多个标准对特定星座进行了详细分析,其结果可以作为未来优化算法的基准。
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引用次数: 2
Half-Duplex User Equipment Relaying Policies for Uplink Improvement in Beyond 5G Networks 超5G网络中改进上行链路的半双工用户设备中继策略
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188362
Ioannis Avgouleas, P. Skillermark, Gábor Fodor, J. Söder
We consider a 5G cellular system, in which cellular user equipments (UEs) are willing to assist a cell-edge UE with a weak uplink (UL). We aim to improve the UL coverage as well as the end-to-end spectral and energy efficiency when the assisting UEs follow a group or multihop half-duplex relaying policy. Specifically, we study the UL performance under different distance-dependent fading conditions to understand when it is beneficial to use UE relaying. This question is motivated by recent advances in the Third Generation Partnership Project that suggests exploring the technology potential of physical layer groupcast and unicast over the sidelink for improving the UL coverage. Somewhat surprisingly, half-duplex UE relaying policies that exploit sidelink groupcast or unicast have not been thoroughly compared in the literature. System evaluations indicate that spectral efficiency can be improved over six times (compared to the case without relaying) with only two relaying UEs, while great energy efficiency gains are also achieved, provided that the time used for reception and transmission over the half-duplex relays is properly allocated. We also find that when relaying is beneficial, group and multihop relaying have their distinct advantages depending on the path loss exponent and the geometry of the system.
我们考虑一个5G蜂窝系统,其中蜂窝用户设备(UE)愿意通过弱上行链路(UL)协助蜂窝边缘UE。当辅助终端遵循组或多跳半双工中继策略时,我们的目标是提高UL覆盖以及端到端频谱和能量效率。具体来说,我们研究了不同距离相关衰落条件下的UL性能,以了解何时使用UE中继是有益的。这个问题是由第三代合作伙伴项目的最新进展引起的,该项目建议探索物理层组播和单播在副链路上的技术潜力,以提高UL覆盖范围。有些令人惊讶的是,利用副链路组播或单播的半双工UE中继策略在文献中没有得到彻底的比较。系统评估表明,只有两个中继ue,频谱效率可以提高6倍以上(与没有中继的情况相比),同时也实现了巨大的能源效率收益,前提是在半双工中继上用于接收和传输的时间得到适当分配。我们还发现,当中继是有利的,根据路径损耗指数和系统的几何形状,群中继和多跳中继有其明显的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Extended NYUSIM-based MmWave Channel Model and Simulator for RIS-Assisted Systems 基于nyusim的扩展毫米波信道模型和ris辅助系统模拟器
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188290
A. Habib, Israa Khaled, A. Falou, C. Langlais
Spectrum scarcity has motivated the exploration of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band as a key technology to cope with the ever-increasing data traffic. However, in this band, radiofrequency waves are highly susceptible to transmission loss and blockage. Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been proposed to transform the random nature of the propagation channel into a programmable and controllable radio environment. This innovative technique can improve mmWave coverage. However, most works consider theoretical channel models. In order to fill the gap towards a realistic RIS chan-nel simulator, we extend the 3D statistical channel simulator NYUSIM based on extensive measurements to help model RIS-assisted mm Wave systems. We validate the extended simulator analytically and via simulations. In addition, we study the received power in different configurations. Finally, we highlight the effectiveness of using RIS when the direct link is partially blocked or non-existent.
频谱的稀缺促使人们探索毫米波(mmWave)频段作为应对日益增长的数据流量的关键技术。然而,在这一波段,射频波极易受到传输损失和阻塞的影响。近年来,可重构智能表面(RIS)被提出,将传播信道的随机性转化为可编程和可控的无线电环境。这种创新技术可以提高毫米波的覆盖范围。然而,大多数工作考虑理论渠道模型。为了填补现实RIS通道模拟器的空白,我们基于广泛的测量扩展了3D统计通道模拟器NYUSIM,以帮助建模RIS辅助毫米波系统。我们通过分析和仿真验证了扩展的模拟器。此外,我们还研究了不同配置下的接收功率。最后,我们强调了当直接链接部分阻塞或不存在时使用RIS的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic AP Selection and Cluster Formation with Minimal Switching for Green Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks 绿色无小区大规模MIMO网络的动态AP选择和最小交换簇形成
Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188295
Qinglong He, Ozlem Tugfe Demir, C. Cavdar
Aiming at the implementation of energy-efficient cell-free networks, several approaches have been proposed in the literature, which consider different access point (AP) switch ON/OFF (ASO) strategies for power minimization. Different from prior works, this paper focuses on additional factors that have an adverse effect not only on total power consumption but also on implementation complexity and operation cost. For instance, too frequent ON/OFF switching in an AP can lead to tapering off the potential power saving of ASO by incurring extra power consumption due to excessive switching. Indeed, frequent switching of APs might also result in thermal fatigue and severe lifetime degeneration. Moreover, time variations in the AP-UE (user equipment) clusters in favor of energy saving in a dynamic network bring additional signaling and implementation complexity. Thus, we propose a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to minimize the total power consumption together with AP switching and AP- UE clustering variations in comparison to the previous state of the network. The proposed problem is cast in mixed integer quadratic programming form and solved optimally. Our simulation results show that by limiting AP switching (node switching) and AP- UE cluster reformation switching (link switching), the total power consumption at the radio site only slightly increases, but the number of average switching drops significantly regardless of node or link switching. It achieves a good balance on the trade-off between radio power consumption and the side effects excessive switching will bring.
为了实现节能的无蜂窝网络,文献中提出了几种方法,这些方法考虑了不同的接入点(AP)开关ON/OFF (ASO)策略以实现功率最小化。与以往的工作不同,本文关注的是对总功耗、实施复杂性和运行成本都有不利影响的其他因素。例如,AP中过于频繁的ON/OFF开关可能会导致由于过度开关而产生额外的功耗,从而逐渐减少ASO的潜在省电能力。事实上,频繁切换APs也可能导致热疲劳和严重的寿命退化。此外,在动态网络中,AP-UE(用户设备)集群中有利于节能的时间变化带来了额外的信令和实现复杂性。因此,我们提出了一个多目标优化问题,旨在使总功耗以及AP交换和AP- UE聚类变化与网络先前状态相比最小化。将该问题转化为混合整数二次规划形式,并得到最优解。仿真结果表明,通过限制AP交换(节点交换)和AP- UE集群改造交换(链路交换),无论节点交换还是链路交换,无线站点的总功耗仅略有增加,但平均交换次数明显下降。它在无线电功耗和过度切换带来的副作用之间取得了很好的平衡。
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引用次数: 1
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公共管理高层论坛
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