Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188326
Alper Köse, M. Koca, Emin Anarım
We consider the timeliness in delivery of update packets in a two-way relay network with or without employing network coding in multicast transmissions where Age of Information (AoI) is adopted to quantify the timeliness of updates. The expressions for peak and average expected AoIs are analytically derived for both uncoded and network coded transmissions. The effect of network coding on AoI and asymptotic behaviors of the AoI derivations are evaluated. The behavioral analyses of various network parameters are investigated and the effect of each parameter to the AoI difference between coded and uncoded has been derived. Our analysis suggests that the utilization of network coding for multicast transmissions can result in substantial improvements in terms of AoI, with the exception of scenarios in which sensors possess extremely limited computational capabilities.
{"title":"Age of Information in Network Coded Multicast Networks","authors":"Alper Köse, M. Koca, Emin Anarım","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188326","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the timeliness in delivery of update packets in a two-way relay network with or without employing network coding in multicast transmissions where Age of Information (AoI) is adopted to quantify the timeliness of updates. The expressions for peak and average expected AoIs are analytically derived for both uncoded and network coded transmissions. The effect of network coding on AoI and asymptotic behaviors of the AoI derivations are evaluated. The behavioral analyses of various network parameters are investigated and the effect of each parameter to the AoI difference between coded and uncoded has been derived. Our analysis suggests that the utilization of network coding for multicast transmissions can result in substantial improvements in terms of AoI, with the exception of scenarios in which sensors possess extremely limited computational capabilities.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"13 1","pages":"353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73941559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188346
Marcos Falcão, Caio Souza, Andson M. Balieiro, K. Dias
In the context of Ultra-reliable Low Latency communications (URLLC), the concepts of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) emerge as complementary paradigms that shall offer fine-grained on-demand distributed resources closer to the User Equipment (UE) and strong Line-of-Sight (LoS) paths between UAV and ground transmission nodes. However, compromise between onboard computation resource allocation and the URLLC requirements becomes challenging since UAVs are limited due to their size, weight, and power, and the virtualization adds extra overhead, which imposes a burden on the conventional Network Functions (NFs). This work proposes a NFV-MEC over UAV model based on Continuous-time Markov Chain (CTMC), with an embedded virtual resource scaling scheme for dynamic resource allocation (DRA). It also extensively analyzes the NFV-MEC architecture's virtualization layer, including node availability and power consumption, besides the URLLC conflicting reliability and latency metrics. The designed model allows analyzing how the main underlying virtualization parameters impact the critical services in a single NFV-MEC over a UAV node, assisting the network operator in proper node dimensioning and configuration.
{"title":"Dynamic Resource Allocation for URLLC in UAV-Enabled Multi-access Edge Computing","authors":"Marcos Falcão, Caio Souza, Andson M. Balieiro, K. Dias","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188346","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Ultra-reliable Low Latency communications (URLLC), the concepts of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) emerge as complementary paradigms that shall offer fine-grained on-demand distributed resources closer to the User Equipment (UE) and strong Line-of-Sight (LoS) paths between UAV and ground transmission nodes. However, compromise between onboard computation resource allocation and the URLLC requirements becomes challenging since UAVs are limited due to their size, weight, and power, and the virtualization adds extra overhead, which imposes a burden on the conventional Network Functions (NFs). This work proposes a NFV-MEC over UAV model based on Continuous-time Markov Chain (CTMC), with an embedded virtual resource scaling scheme for dynamic resource allocation (DRA). It also extensively analyzes the NFV-MEC architecture's virtualization layer, including node availability and power consumption, besides the URLLC conflicting reliability and latency metrics. The designed model allows analyzing how the main underlying virtualization parameters impact the critical services in a single NFV-MEC over a UAV node, assisting the network operator in proper node dimensioning and configuration.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"11 1","pages":"293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188368
J. D. Toit, L. Labuschagne
Understanding customer satisfaction in the context of mobile network performance is helpful when designing reliable cellular networks to retain customers and drive customer loyalty. Using Infer.NET, we propose a probabilistic graphical model that infers hidden structure in network key performance indicators using noisy customer survey responses. Our model uses real-world net promoter score survey data, network session data consisting of sites visited by respondents, and network performance data from active sessions. The model learns hidden structure in the network performance data that represent good and bad quality of experience. The discovered properties are consistent with industry-recommended signal strength and quality levels for UMTS and LTE standards. Furthermore, our methodology allows us to estimate a daily network performance for each site, which helps to identify problem areas in the network. Due to the subjective nature of survey data, our model also estimates the overall asymmetric noise associated with the surveys.
{"title":"Inferring Hidden Structure in Mobile Network Performance Data with Noisy Net Promoter Scores using a Probabilistic Graphical Model","authors":"J. D. Toit, L. Labuschagne","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188368","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding customer satisfaction in the context of mobile network performance is helpful when designing reliable cellular networks to retain customers and drive customer loyalty. Using Infer.NET, we propose a probabilistic graphical model that infers hidden structure in network key performance indicators using noisy customer survey responses. Our model uses real-world net promoter score survey data, network session data consisting of sites visited by respondents, and network performance data from active sessions. The model learns hidden structure in the network performance data that represent good and bad quality of experience. The discovered properties are consistent with industry-recommended signal strength and quality levels for UMTS and LTE standards. Furthermore, our methodology allows us to estimate a daily network performance for each site, which helps to identify problem areas in the network. Due to the subjective nature of survey data, our model also estimates the overall asymmetric noise associated with the surveys.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"55 1","pages":"436-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188255
Friedrich Burmeister, Alexandros Palaios, Philipp Geuer, A. Krause, Richard Jacob, Philipp Schulz, G. Fettweis
In future communications systems, precise location information of users is a declared target. To improve the radio systems, spatial channel knowledge with the same local accuracy in form of precise Radio Environment Maps (REMs) is beneficial. Constructing REMs with channel measurements is not only costly but often not feasible for specific regions of interest. Consequently, it is necessary to construct REMs based on a limited number of observations. Kriging is typically used for interpolation in the literature. The solely distance-dependent semi-variogram inherently assumes an isotropic environment. However, radio environments, especially indoor, are not isotropic and modeling the directionality of the spatial correlation is not possible by means of a simple variogram function. That is why we propose to enhance the Kriging spatial interpolation by exchanging the semi-variogram model by a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to better describe the anisotropic channel correlations in real-world environments. Ordinary Kriging and our proposed approach are compared for different sampling resolutions and sampling methodologies, namely random and regular. Our proposed method improves the average accuracy and more importantly further increases the confidence in the provided predictions. Higher confidence in the prediction is a way to unlock the usage of such techniques for future communication networks.
{"title":"Deep Learning-Supported Kriging for Interpolation of High-Resolution Indoor REMs","authors":"Friedrich Burmeister, Alexandros Palaios, Philipp Geuer, A. Krause, Richard Jacob, Philipp Schulz, G. Fettweis","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188255","url":null,"abstract":"In future communications systems, precise location information of users is a declared target. To improve the radio systems, spatial channel knowledge with the same local accuracy in form of precise Radio Environment Maps (REMs) is beneficial. Constructing REMs with channel measurements is not only costly but often not feasible for specific regions of interest. Consequently, it is necessary to construct REMs based on a limited number of observations. Kriging is typically used for interpolation in the literature. The solely distance-dependent semi-variogram inherently assumes an isotropic environment. However, radio environments, especially indoor, are not isotropic and modeling the directionality of the spatial correlation is not possible by means of a simple variogram function. That is why we propose to enhance the Kriging spatial interpolation by exchanging the semi-variogram model by a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to better describe the anisotropic channel correlations in real-world environments. Ordinary Kriging and our proposed approach are compared for different sampling resolutions and sampling methodologies, namely random and regular. Our proposed method improves the average accuracy and more importantly further increases the confidence in the provided predictions. Higher confidence in the prediction is a way to unlock the usage of such techniques for future communication networks.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"78 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188291
Theodoros Spathopoulos, Jianhua Liu, F. Chaves
This paper analyses the coexistence of low and medium power 5G Base Stations (BSs) operating in the 3.8-4.2 GHz to provide local area network connectivity with Fixed Satellite Service Earth stations in the same band as well as IMT-2020/SG services in the adjacent band below 3.8 GHz. This work follows the developments of the current regulatory discussion in Europe, providing an analysis of how different configurations for 5G BSs operating in the 3.8-4.2 GHz band, including Active Antenna System (AAS) BSs with increased radiated power and non-AAS BSs, can impact the resulting separation distances required to coexist with incumbent services. It is observed that AAS BSs operating with considerably higher power than non-AAS BSs lead to similar coexistence conditions.
{"title":"5G in the 3.8-4.2 GHz Band: Coexistence with Fixed Satellite Service Earth Stations In-Band and IMT-2020 in Adjacent Band","authors":"Theodoros Spathopoulos, Jianhua Liu, F. Chaves","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the coexistence of low and medium power 5G Base Stations (BSs) operating in the 3.8-4.2 GHz to provide local area network connectivity with Fixed Satellite Service Earth stations in the same band as well as IMT-2020/SG services in the adjacent band below 3.8 GHz. This work follows the developments of the current regulatory discussion in Europe, providing an analysis of how different configurations for 5G BSs operating in the 3.8-4.2 GHz band, including Active Antenna System (AAS) BSs with increased radiated power and non-AAS BSs, can impact the resulting separation distances required to coexist with incumbent services. It is observed that AAS BSs operating with considerably higher power than non-AAS BSs lead to similar coexistence conditions.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80754787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188310
Jane Frances Pajo, M. Haukø, R. Skaret-Thoresen, A. Gonzalez, P. Lehne, O. Grøndalen
The aquaculture industry has a goal of automating as much as possible to minimize cost and improve product quality. Cameras and environmental sensors are extensively used to monitor the fish farming sites, and generate huge amounts of data. 5G technology is seen as an enabler to further improve efficiency and digitize the fish farming industry. In this work, the combination of 5G, Device Edge, Cloud and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been tested to evaluate the benefits and limitations of 5G technology in aquaculture. By emulating a typical Norwe-gian Atlantic salmon farm, remote monitoring, feeding decision support using AI for pellet detection, and 5G performance has been assessed. Peak uplink data rate is the most important key performance indicator, due to the large amount of data produced in the farm itself. To reduce the uplink requirements, a Device Edge has been deployed for running AI-driven pellet detection. Results show that operating full video coverage both underwater and for surveillance clearly exceeds the offered uplink data rate of a typical 5G base station operating in the C-band. Video compression can only be used to a mild extent, due to early deterioration of the pellet detection precision. Therefore, the use of a Device Edge to avoid uplink transmission of the video streams seems to be a better solution. Latency has not been critical in the scenario investigated, however introduction of remote control of cameras and feed provision might change this.
{"title":"Digitalization in the Aquaculture Industry: Validation Trials over a Commercial 5G Network","authors":"Jane Frances Pajo, M. Haukø, R. Skaret-Thoresen, A. Gonzalez, P. Lehne, O. Grøndalen","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188310","url":null,"abstract":"The aquaculture industry has a goal of automating as much as possible to minimize cost and improve product quality. Cameras and environmental sensors are extensively used to monitor the fish farming sites, and generate huge amounts of data. 5G technology is seen as an enabler to further improve efficiency and digitize the fish farming industry. In this work, the combination of 5G, Device Edge, Cloud and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been tested to evaluate the benefits and limitations of 5G technology in aquaculture. By emulating a typical Norwe-gian Atlantic salmon farm, remote monitoring, feeding decision support using AI for pellet detection, and 5G performance has been assessed. Peak uplink data rate is the most important key performance indicator, due to the large amount of data produced in the farm itself. To reduce the uplink requirements, a Device Edge has been deployed for running AI-driven pellet detection. Results show that operating full video coverage both underwater and for surveillance clearly exceeds the offered uplink data rate of a typical 5G base station operating in the C-band. Video compression can only be used to a mild extent, due to early deterioration of the pellet detection precision. Therefore, the use of a Device Edge to avoid uplink transmission of the video streams seems to be a better solution. Latency has not been critical in the scenario investigated, however introduction of remote control of cameras and feed provision might change this.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"1 1","pages":"520-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82975503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188309
Jacob Snyder, Lucas Hoffer, Bryan Martin, Darren Rogers, V. Kanth
While Fifth Generation (5G) wireless technology promises higher data throughput rates and reduced latency in comparison to previous generations of cellular communications, the addition of encryption between communicating nodes presents potential overhead costs to the system in terms of increased processing time, thereby leading to an increase in network latency. Given that modern Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 5G use cases both require exceptional network speed coupled with security, the choice of security algorithms is a critical element. This paper offers a live 5G testbed setup and methodology to analyze measured round trip times between a user device and a 5G network-in-a-box using the four native 128-bit ciphering algorithms as specified by current Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) telecommunications standards. We perform these tests using the Amarisoft AMARI Callbox Mini, a 3GPP-compliant 5G network. Our initial findings show there is no statistically significant relationship between enabled ciphering algorithms and latency given one user device and the 5G network core within the Amarisoft 5G ecosystem, though our setup and methodology allow for expanding this research with multiple devices and longer experiment durations to understand how to best balance network latency and security requirements in a complex wireless network.
{"title":"Comparing 5G Network Latency Utilizing Native Security Algorithms","authors":"Jacob Snyder, Lucas Hoffer, Bryan Martin, Darren Rogers, V. Kanth","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188309","url":null,"abstract":"While Fifth Generation (5G) wireless technology promises higher data throughput rates and reduced latency in comparison to previous generations of cellular communications, the addition of encryption between communicating nodes presents potential overhead costs to the system in terms of increased processing time, thereby leading to an increase in network latency. Given that modern Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 5G use cases both require exceptional network speed coupled with security, the choice of security algorithms is a critical element. This paper offers a live 5G testbed setup and methodology to analyze measured round trip times between a user device and a 5G network-in-a-box using the four native 128-bit ciphering algorithms as specified by current Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) telecommunications standards. We perform these tests using the Amarisoft AMARI Callbox Mini, a 3GPP-compliant 5G network. Our initial findings show there is no statistically significant relationship between enabled ciphering algorithms and latency given one user device and the 5G network core within the Amarisoft 5G ecosystem, though our setup and methodology allow for expanding this research with multiple devices and longer experiment durations to understand how to best balance network latency and security requirements in a complex wireless network.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"38 1","pages":"532-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188305
Farjam Karim, N. Mahmood
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a potential technology for future-generation wireless communication by enhancing its signal quality and providing broader coverage network area. In this work, we provide an analytical framework of a RIS-assisted multi-user downlink system where the base station (BS) transmits a superimposed signal to multiple users with the aid of a RIS using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) transmission technique. First, we discuss the statistical characteristics and evaluate the probability density function (PDF) of the different channels involved in the transmission. We then evaluate the system performance utilizing the PDF and obtain the analytical expressions of the outage probability through the application of NOMA and RSMA transmission techniques and verify the preciseness of the derived closed-form expressions using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. Moreover, to gain some useful insights about the system, we also highlight the impact of transmit power availability at the BS, imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the outage probability of each user, effect of number of RIS elements on outage probability. Lastly, we demonstrate the superiority of RSMA over NOMA on the performance of the system.
{"title":"An Analysis with interplay of NOMA and RSMA for RIS-aided System","authors":"Farjam Karim, N. Mahmood","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188305","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a potential technology for future-generation wireless communication by enhancing its signal quality and providing broader coverage network area. In this work, we provide an analytical framework of a RIS-assisted multi-user downlink system where the base station (BS) transmits a superimposed signal to multiple users with the aid of a RIS using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) transmission technique. First, we discuss the statistical characteristics and evaluate the probability density function (PDF) of the different channels involved in the transmission. We then evaluate the system performance utilizing the PDF and obtain the analytical expressions of the outage probability through the application of NOMA and RSMA transmission techniques and verify the preciseness of the derived closed-form expressions using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. Moreover, to gain some useful insights about the system, we also highlight the impact of transmit power availability at the BS, imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the outage probability of each user, effect of number of RIS elements on outage probability. Lastly, we demonstrate the superiority of RSMA over NOMA on the performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"93 1","pages":"162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85852170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188354
Le Hao, Stefan Schwarz, M. Rupp
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been considered a promising research direction for the next generation of wireless communications. It is essential to perform extensive simulations in a system-level simulator (SLS) to analyze the system performance of RIS-assisted large-scale wireless networks. This paper introduces the RIS-tailored Vienna SLS that utilizes the MATLAB ray tracer to realize RIS-assisted transmissions. A recently published free space pathloss model for RIS (RISFSPL) has been adopted to be compatible with our SLS. In addition, we modified the ray tracing (RT) model based on the RISFSPL model to obtain a more precise pathloss in a realistic environment. In this way, we realize the advantages of both the RISFSPL and RT models. We verified the system performance through simulations in a single-input single-output (SISO) scenario with random and optimized RIS phase shifts. Furthermore, we analyzed the system performance through simulations in a complex scenario that consists of multiple base stations (BSs), RISs, and users.
{"title":"The Extended Vienna System-Level Simulator for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","authors":"Le Hao, Stefan Schwarz, M. Rupp","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188354","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been considered a promising research direction for the next generation of wireless communications. It is essential to perform extensive simulations in a system-level simulator (SLS) to analyze the system performance of RIS-assisted large-scale wireless networks. This paper introduces the RIS-tailored Vienna SLS that utilizes the MATLAB ray tracer to realize RIS-assisted transmissions. A recently published free space pathloss model for RIS (RISFSPL) has been adopted to be compatible with our SLS. In addition, we modified the ray tracing (RT) model based on the RISFSPL model to obtain a more precise pathloss in a realistic environment. In this way, we realize the advantages of both the RISFSPL and RT models. We verified the system performance through simulations in a single-input single-output (SISO) scenario with random and optimized RIS phase shifts. Furthermore, we analyzed the system performance through simulations in a complex scenario that consists of multiple base stations (BSs), RISs, and users.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87323992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-quantum ciphers (PQC) secure the digital networking of the current computers against a quantum-computing-equipped adversary. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) selected post-quantum digital signature algorithms for standardization. To prepare for the transition to PQC, we study the feasibility of integrating the NIST-standardized PQC digital signatures into the existing networking protocols, which include TCP/TLS and the more advanced QUIC. We study the behavior and performances of implementing PQC signatures for HTTP networking built on TCP/TLS and QUIC. Our experiment-based studies use remote cloud servers across the globe to simulate and measure the real-world networking behaviors. Focusing on the post-quantum lattice-based ciphers of Dilithium and Falcon, our results show that QUIC generally outperforms TCP/TLS (by 52% with RSA, 2.5% or greater with Dilithium algorithms, and 32.8 % or greater with Falcon algorithms). Based on the QUIC performances and the protocol handshake duration overhead between the client and the cloud server, we recommend Falcon for the QUIC-based networking applications for quicker handshake and less variance if the devices can afford the hardware for floating-point-based operations.
{"title":"Post-Quantum QUIC Protocol in Cloud Networking","authors":"Manohar Raavi, Simeon Wuthier, Xiaobo Zhou, Sang-Yoon Chang","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188358","url":null,"abstract":"Post-quantum ciphers (PQC) secure the digital networking of the current computers against a quantum-computing-equipped adversary. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) selected post-quantum digital signature algorithms for standardization. To prepare for the transition to PQC, we study the feasibility of integrating the NIST-standardized PQC digital signatures into the existing networking protocols, which include TCP/TLS and the more advanced QUIC. We study the behavior and performances of implementing PQC signatures for HTTP networking built on TCP/TLS and QUIC. Our experiment-based studies use remote cloud servers across the globe to simulate and measure the real-world networking behaviors. Focusing on the post-quantum lattice-based ciphers of Dilithium and Falcon, our results show that QUIC generally outperforms TCP/TLS (by 52% with RSA, 2.5% or greater with Dilithium algorithms, and 32.8 % or greater with Falcon algorithms). Based on the QUIC performances and the protocol handshake duration overhead between the client and the cloud server, we recommend Falcon for the QUIC-based networking applications for quicker handshake and less variance if the devices can afford the hardware for floating-point-based operations.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"118 1","pages":"573-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86202459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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