Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188353
Nozomi Sasaki, Fuga Tanaka, Shuhei Saito, Hirofumi Suganuma, F. Maehara
The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems provide increased functionality and performance, and can be implemented through orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Both methods present advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions. In this study, we analyze the performance of a hybrid multiple access scheme using NOMA and OMA simultaneously in a practical scenario under non-uniform user distribution and multiple transmit antennas through computer simulations to verify its effectiveness. The proposed hybrid multiple access scheme avoids the NOMA-specific performance deterioration caused due to small channel gain differences between users by applying OMA within the same bandwidth. Additionally, we implement resource allocation to account for both the channel gain and desired user traffic volume considering the diversified wireless service for Beyond 5G (B5G). We apply the Thomas cluster process as user distribution and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) as transmit diversity, and elucidate the effects of the non-uniformity of user distribution and an increase in the number of transmit antennas on the performance of the proposed hybrid multiple access scheme.
{"title":"Hybrid Multiple Access Scheme Employing NOMA and OMA Simultaneously Under Non-uniform User Distribution and Multiple Transmit Antennas","authors":"Nozomi Sasaki, Fuga Tanaka, Shuhei Saito, Hirofumi Suganuma, F. Maehara","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188353","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems provide increased functionality and performance, and can be implemented through orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Both methods present advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions. In this study, we analyze the performance of a hybrid multiple access scheme using NOMA and OMA simultaneously in a practical scenario under non-uniform user distribution and multiple transmit antennas through computer simulations to verify its effectiveness. The proposed hybrid multiple access scheme avoids the NOMA-specific performance deterioration caused due to small channel gain differences between users by applying OMA within the same bandwidth. Additionally, we implement resource allocation to account for both the channel gain and desired user traffic volume considering the diversified wireless service for Beyond 5G (B5G). We apply the Thomas cluster process as user distribution and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) as transmit diversity, and elucidate the effects of the non-uniformity of user distribution and an increase in the number of transmit antennas on the performance of the proposed hybrid multiple access scheme.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188282
N. Omnès, François Bélorgey, Arnaud Brun, Jean-Manuel Canet, Jérôme Fournier
ITU-T Study Group 5 has recently approved Recommendation L.1480 “Enabling the Net Zero transition: Assessing how the use of information and communication technology solutions impact greenhouse gas emissions of other sectors” [1]. In parallel to the standardization process, a complete study case has been led within Orange to apply this ITU methodology to the use of teleworking in Orange Atalante premises in Rennes. This arti-cle illustrates the principles of Recommendation L.1480 through this example. More particularly, first-order effects induced within the digital sector by the implementation of teleworking are described. Then second-order effects, induced in complementary sectors including notably transport and buildings are depicted. As recommended by the standard, higher-order effects are also rigorously assessed. This assessment highlights that the quantified benefit of teleworking initiation on greenhouse gas emissions reduction in this specific context is about two times smaller, due to the evaluation of higher-order effects, than the main reduction effect (reduced commuting), and about three times smaller for the measured teleworking acceleration case. This needs to be confirmed by reusing the same methodology in different contexts.
{"title":"Assessing How the Use of Teleworking Impacts GHG Emissions: A Study Case","authors":"N. Omnès, François Bélorgey, Arnaud Brun, Jean-Manuel Canet, Jérôme Fournier","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188282","url":null,"abstract":"ITU-T Study Group 5 has recently approved Recommendation L.1480 “Enabling the Net Zero transition: Assessing how the use of information and communication technology solutions impact greenhouse gas emissions of other sectors” [1]. In parallel to the standardization process, a complete study case has been led within Orange to apply this ITU methodology to the use of teleworking in Orange Atalante premises in Rennes. This arti-cle illustrates the principles of Recommendation L.1480 through this example. More particularly, first-order effects induced within the digital sector by the implementation of teleworking are described. Then second-order effects, induced in complementary sectors including notably transport and buildings are depicted. As recommended by the standard, higher-order effects are also rigorously assessed. This assessment highlights that the quantified benefit of teleworking initiation on greenhouse gas emissions reduction in this specific context is about two times smaller, due to the evaluation of higher-order effects, than the main reduction effect (reduced commuting), and about three times smaller for the measured teleworking acceleration case. This needs to be confirmed by reusing the same methodology in different contexts.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"434 1","pages":"723-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76450891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188316
P. Porambage, Jarno Pinola, Yasintha Rumesh, Chen Tao, J. Huusko
The fixed security solutions and related security configurations may no longer meet the diverse requirements of 6G networks. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is going to be one key entry point to 6G where the direct user access is granted. O-RAN promotes the design, deployment and operation of the RAN with open interfaces and optimized by intelligent controllers. O-RAN networks are to be implemented as multi-vendor systems with interoperable components and can be programmatically optimized through centralized abstraction layer and data driven closed-loop control. However, since O-RAN contains many new open interfaces and data flows, new security issues may emerge. Providing the recommendations for dynamic security policy adjustments by considering the energy availability and risk or security level of the network is something lacking in the current state-of-the-art. When the security process is managed and executed in an autonomous way, it must also assure the transparency of the security policy adjustments and provide the reasoning behind the adjustment decisions to the interested parties whenever needed. Moreover, the energy consumption for such security solutions are constantly bringing overhead to the networking devices. Therefore, in this paper we discuss XAI based green security architecture for resilient open radio access networks in 6G known as XcARet for providing cognitive and transparent security solutions for O-RAN in a more energy efficient manner.
{"title":"XcARet: XAI based Green Security Architecture for Resilient Open Radio Access Networks in 6G","authors":"P. Porambage, Jarno Pinola, Yasintha Rumesh, Chen Tao, J. Huusko","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188316","url":null,"abstract":"The fixed security solutions and related security configurations may no longer meet the diverse requirements of 6G networks. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is going to be one key entry point to 6G where the direct user access is granted. O-RAN promotes the design, deployment and operation of the RAN with open interfaces and optimized by intelligent controllers. O-RAN networks are to be implemented as multi-vendor systems with interoperable components and can be programmatically optimized through centralized abstraction layer and data driven closed-loop control. However, since O-RAN contains many new open interfaces and data flows, new security issues may emerge. Providing the recommendations for dynamic security policy adjustments by considering the energy availability and risk or security level of the network is something lacking in the current state-of-the-art. When the security process is managed and executed in an autonomous way, it must also assure the transparency of the security policy adjustments and provide the reasoning behind the adjustment decisions to the interested parties whenever needed. Moreover, the energy consumption for such security solutions are constantly bringing overhead to the networking devices. Therefore, in this paper we discuss XAI based green security architecture for resilient open radio access networks in 6G known as XcARet for providing cognitive and transparent security solutions for O-RAN in a more energy efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"18 1","pages":"699-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77624618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188275
Estel Ferrer, Josep Escrig, J. A. Ruiz-de-Azua
Distributed Space Systems (DSS) are becoming increasingly popular in the space industry as they integrate advancements in 6G and Non-Terrestrial Networks concepts to offer innovative and efficient solutions for satellite communication and data transmission. In those DSS where communication be-tween heterogeneous satellites is required, achieving autonomous cooperation while minimizing energy consumption is crucial (especially in sparse constellations with nano-satellites). This work proposes an autonomous and scalable solution based on a Supervised Learning model that enables heterogeneous satellites in circular polar Low Earth Orbits to predict their encounters with other satellites given the orbital elements and assuming isotropic antenna patterns. The proposed solution obtains an accuracy of around 90 % when evaluated with realistic data from real Celestrak satellites. This work could be considered the first stage of a promising and alternative approach in the field of DSS.
{"title":"Inter-Satellite Link Prediction for Non-Terrestrial Networks Using Supervised Learning","authors":"Estel Ferrer, Josep Escrig, J. A. Ruiz-de-Azua","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188275","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Space Systems (DSS) are becoming increasingly popular in the space industry as they integrate advancements in 6G and Non-Terrestrial Networks concepts to offer innovative and efficient solutions for satellite communication and data transmission. In those DSS where communication be-tween heterogeneous satellites is required, achieving autonomous cooperation while minimizing energy consumption is crucial (especially in sparse constellations with nano-satellites). This work proposes an autonomous and scalable solution based on a Supervised Learning model that enables heterogeneous satellites in circular polar Low Earth Orbits to predict their encounters with other satellites given the orbital elements and assuming isotropic antenna patterns. The proposed solution obtains an accuracy of around 90 % when evaluated with realistic data from real Celestrak satellites. This work could be considered the first stage of a promising and alternative approach in the field of DSS.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"5 1","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73183508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188257
M. Botella-Campos, J. Bohata, L. Vallejo, J. Mora, S. Zvánovec, B. Ortega
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of a phase modulation (PM)-based analog optical mobile fronthaul network for seamless millimeter wave (mmWave) signal transmission over hybrid standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), free space optics (FSO) and radio links. As a proof of concept, a 64-QAM LTE signal has been transmitted over 25 GHz in a 10 km SSMF, 2 m FSO and 1 m radio link without the need for optical amplifiers. After fiber propagation, non-significant signal degradation has been obtained over the wireless links, with an estimated sensitivity level of received electrical power -45.8 dBm. Despite the advantages of PM-based approaches, the use of optical filtering in our system provides easy scalability by including dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) schemes. Also, the comparison with direct intensity modulation (IM)-based approach allows to assess PM-approach as a promising solution for seamless mm Wave signal transmission over future networks.
{"title":"Phase Modulation-based Fronthaul Network for 5G mmWave FR-2 Signal Transmission over Hybrid Links","authors":"M. Botella-Campos, J. Bohata, L. Vallejo, J. Mora, S. Zvánovec, B. Ortega","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188257","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of a phase modulation (PM)-based analog optical mobile fronthaul network for seamless millimeter wave (mmWave) signal transmission over hybrid standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), free space optics (FSO) and radio links. As a proof of concept, a 64-QAM LTE signal has been transmitted over 25 GHz in a 10 km SSMF, 2 m FSO and 1 m radio link without the need for optical amplifiers. After fiber propagation, non-significant signal degradation has been obtained over the wireless links, with an estimated sensitivity level of received electrical power -45.8 dBm. Despite the advantages of PM-based approaches, the use of optical filtering in our system provides easy scalability by including dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) schemes. Also, the comparison with direct intensity modulation (IM)-based approach allows to assess PM-approach as a promising solution for seamless mm Wave signal transmission over future networks.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"35 1","pages":"282-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73399414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188226
Serae Kim, Sunghyun Jin, Junseon Kim, Kyunghan Lee
Next-generation network services (e.g., XR, mobile hologram, digital twin) often expect both latency and bandwidth guarantees. In the 5G network, network slicing techniques that enable the isolated management of multiple virtual networks are devised for ensuring quality-of-service (QoS). However, existing network slicing frameworks are inherently insufficient to provide guaranteed performance to those new network services. Even with ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), low-level performance pertaining to the delivery of radio frames or packets rather than service-level performance has only been dealt with, although there exists a large gap between them. The discrepancy comes from the fact that none of those services runs based on the packets. They run based on their own application data units (ADUs) whose size is dynamic and mostly much larger than just a packet. In this regard, in order to directly guarantee the service-level performance, we propose a new slice management and orchestration framework that can make the time duration to complete the transmission (i.e., completion time) of variable ADUs over fluctuating wireless channels constant through two techniques leveraging the knowledge of ADUs: a time budget orchestration and a radio resource management for ADU completion. We provide detailed specifications of our framework.
{"title":"Towards Enabling Performance-Guaranteed Slice Management and Orchestration in 6G","authors":"Serae Kim, Sunghyun Jin, Junseon Kim, Kyunghan Lee","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188226","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation network services (e.g., XR, mobile hologram, digital twin) often expect both latency and bandwidth guarantees. In the 5G network, network slicing techniques that enable the isolated management of multiple virtual networks are devised for ensuring quality-of-service (QoS). However, existing network slicing frameworks are inherently insufficient to provide guaranteed performance to those new network services. Even with ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), low-level performance pertaining to the delivery of radio frames or packets rather than service-level performance has only been dealt with, although there exists a large gap between them. The discrepancy comes from the fact that none of those services runs based on the packets. They run based on their own application data units (ADUs) whose size is dynamic and mostly much larger than just a packet. In this regard, in order to directly guarantee the service-level performance, we propose a new slice management and orchestration framework that can make the time duration to complete the transmission (i.e., completion time) of variable ADUs over fluctuating wireless channels constant through two techniques leveraging the knowledge of ADUs: a time budget orchestration and a radio resource management for ADU completion. We provide detailed specifications of our framework.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"35 1","pages":"729-734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81569960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188244
Nikos Psaromanolakis, V. Theodorou, Dimitrios Laskaratos, Ioannis Kalogeropoulos, Maria Eleftheria Vlontzou, Eleni Zarogianni, Georgios Samaras
The evolution towards more human-centered 6G networks requires the extension of network functionalities with advanced, pervasive automation features. In this direction, cloud-native, softwarized network functions and integration of extreme/far edge devices shall be supported by even more distributed and decomposable systems, such as Edge Cloud environments, while building on AI/ML data-driven mechanisms to improve their performance and resilience for the stringent requirements of next-generation applications. In this work, we propose an intelligence-native Edge Management Platform coupled with MLOps functionalities-the $pi$-Edge Platform-which encompasses automation features for cloud-native lifecycle management of Edge Services. Our introduced architecture incorporates MLOps services and processes, operating as integrated micro-services with the rest of the $pi$-Edge architectural components, ensuring the reliable operation and QoS of Edge network and application services. We experimentally validate our approach with a prototypical implementation of key $pi$-Edge features, including the incorporation of state-of-the-art ML models for performance prediction and anomaly detection, on a multi-media streaming use case based on scenarios from real production environment.
{"title":"MLOps meets Edge Computing: an Edge Platform with Embedded Intelligence towards 6G Systems","authors":"Nikos Psaromanolakis, V. Theodorou, Dimitrios Laskaratos, Ioannis Kalogeropoulos, Maria Eleftheria Vlontzou, Eleni Zarogianni, Georgios Samaras","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188244","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution towards more human-centered 6G networks requires the extension of network functionalities with advanced, pervasive automation features. In this direction, cloud-native, softwarized network functions and integration of extreme/far edge devices shall be supported by even more distributed and decomposable systems, such as Edge Cloud environments, while building on AI/ML data-driven mechanisms to improve their performance and resilience for the stringent requirements of next-generation applications. In this work, we propose an intelligence-native Edge Management Platform coupled with MLOps functionalities-the $pi$-Edge Platform-which encompasses automation features for cloud-native lifecycle management of Edge Services. Our introduced architecture incorporates MLOps services and processes, operating as integrated micro-services with the rest of the $pi$-Edge architectural components, ensuring the reliable operation and QoS of Edge network and application services. We experimentally validate our approach with a prototypical implementation of key $pi$-Edge features, including the incorporation of state-of-the-art ML models for performance prediction and anomaly detection, on a multi-media streaming use case based on scenarios from real production environment.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"13 1","pages":"496-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79774194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188363
Nguyen Phuc Tran, Oscar Delgado, B. Jaumard, Fadi Bishay
Network operators are facing new challenges when meeting the needs of their customers. The challenges arise due to the rise of new services, such as HD video streaming, IoT, autonomous driving, etc., and the exponential growth of network traffic. In this context, 5G and B5G networks have been evolving to accommodate a wide range of applications and use cases. Additionally, this evolution brings new features, like the ability to create multiple end-to-end isolated virtual networks using network slicing. Nevertheless, to ensure the quality of service, operators must maintain and optimize their networks in accordance with the key performance indicators (KPIs) and the slice service-level agreements (SLAs). In this paper, we introduce a machine learning (ML) model used to estimate throughput in 5G and B5G networks with end-to-end (E2E) network slices. Then, we combine the predicted throughput with the current network state to derive an estimate of other network KPIs, which can be used to further improve service assurance. To assess the efficiency of our solution, a performance metric was proposed. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that our KPI prediction model outperforms those derived from other methods with the same or nearly the same computational time.
{"title":"ML KPI Prediction in 5G and B5G Networks","authors":"Nguyen Phuc Tran, Oscar Delgado, B. Jaumard, Fadi Bishay","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188363","url":null,"abstract":"Network operators are facing new challenges when meeting the needs of their customers. The challenges arise due to the rise of new services, such as HD video streaming, IoT, autonomous driving, etc., and the exponential growth of network traffic. In this context, 5G and B5G networks have been evolving to accommodate a wide range of applications and use cases. Additionally, this evolution brings new features, like the ability to create multiple end-to-end isolated virtual networks using network slicing. Nevertheless, to ensure the quality of service, operators must maintain and optimize their networks in accordance with the key performance indicators (KPIs) and the slice service-level agreements (SLAs). In this paper, we introduce a machine learning (ML) model used to estimate throughput in 5G and B5G networks with end-to-end (E2E) network slices. Then, we combine the predicted throughput with the current network state to derive an estimate of other network KPIs, which can be used to further improve service assurance. To assess the efficiency of our solution, a performance metric was proposed. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that our KPI prediction model outperforms those derived from other methods with the same or nearly the same computational time.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"103 1","pages":"502-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78430245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188234
Aamir Latif, M. Alam, Y. Moullec
Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a de-centralized, intelligent, and open network architecture. RAN Network Functions (RNF) are split into Open Central Unit (O-CU), Open Distributed Unit (O-DU), and Open Radio Unit (O-RU), which are deployed on commercial hardware and cloud nodes as containerized Network Functions (CNFs). This paper presents a coordination architecture between O-RAN Distributed Units (O-DU) for scheduling massive number of users. We propose a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) based access technique for interference avoidance and scheduling of such massive number of users through a cooperative strategy. This involves sharing individual scheduling tables to compute interference for subsequent User Equipment (UEs) transmissions in the network. The results of the interference calculations are then fed into O-DU schedulers. The scheduler of each O-DU shares the radio resources among the UEs to have minimum interference. The proposed scheme's effectiveness in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and connectivity is examined through simulations. The results show that the proposed method reduces the effects of interference, making it better suited to the needs of dense deployments. Users operating under the proposed approach experience up to +30% and 10% improvements in achieved user data rates and energy consumption, respectively, when compared to the absence of a coordination architecture.
开放无线接入网(O-RAN)是一种去中心化、智能化、开放性的网络体系结构。RNF (RAN Network Functions)分为O-CU (Open Central Unit)、O-DU (Open Distributed Unit)和O-RU (Open Radio Unit)，以cnf (containerized Network Functions)的形式部署在商用硬件和云节点上。提出了一种面向海量用户调度的O-RAN分布式单元(O-DU)协调体系结构。本文提出了一种基于非正交多址(nonorthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA)的接入技术，通过协作策略来避免和调度海量用户的干扰。这包括共享单独的调度表来计算网络中后续用户设备(ue)传输的干扰。然后将干扰计算的结果输入O-DU调度程序。每个O-DU的调度程序在ue之间共享无线电资源，以使干扰最小。通过仿真验证了该方案在吞吐量、能源效率和连通性方面的有效性。结果表明，该方法能有效降低干扰的影响，更适合密集部署的需要。与没有协调架构相比，在拟议方法下运行的用户在实现的用户数据速率和能耗方面分别提高了30%和10%。
{"title":"Inter O-DUs Coordination for Scheduling of Massive Users in O-RAN","authors":"Aamir Latif, M. Alam, Y. Moullec","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188234","url":null,"abstract":"Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a de-centralized, intelligent, and open network architecture. RAN Network Functions (RNF) are split into Open Central Unit (O-CU), Open Distributed Unit (O-DU), and Open Radio Unit (O-RU), which are deployed on commercial hardware and cloud nodes as containerized Network Functions (CNFs). This paper presents a coordination architecture between O-RAN Distributed Units (O-DU) for scheduling massive number of users. We propose a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) based access technique for interference avoidance and scheduling of such massive number of users through a cooperative strategy. This involves sharing individual scheduling tables to compute interference for subsequent User Equipment (UEs) transmissions in the network. The results of the interference calculations are then fed into O-DU schedulers. The scheduler of each O-DU shares the radio resources among the UEs to have minimum interference. The proposed scheme's effectiveness in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and connectivity is examined through simulations. The results show that the proposed method reduces the effects of interference, making it better suited to the needs of dense deployments. Users operating under the proposed approach experience up to +30% and 10% improvements in achieved user data rates and energy consumption, respectively, when compared to the absence of a coordination architecture.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90875383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188238
Gianmarco Canello, Silvia Mignardi, K. Mikhaylov, C. Buratti, T. Hänninen
Collecting data from Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, especially the variety of sensors dispersed in the environment, is an increasingly important and difficult task. Several long-range radio-access technologies, such as low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) and specifically LoRaWAN, have been proposed to address this challenge. However, until now, the key focus of the related studies has been on static terrestrial LPWAN deployments. In this study, we depart from this vision and investigate the practical feasibility and performance of a LoRaWAN gateway (GW) on a flying platform, specifically - an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The key contributions of this study are (i) the design and field-testing of a packet-sniffer-based mobile LoRaWAN GW prototype, allowing collection of the data from LoRaWAN networks, including the already deployed ones; (ii) the open-publication of the data collected during our experimental campaign in the 426 LoRaWAN sensor node network of the University of Oulu illustrating the performance of different drone trajectories; (iii) the initial results of the system's performance analysis, revealing some interesting trends and setting goals for further studies, and pinpointing the lessons learned during the experimental campaign. Our empirical findings suggest that the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) trajectory is the most effective moving trajectory for the number of packets collected and the average energy consumed per packet collected.
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