Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188355
Omer Haliloglu, Han Yu, Charitha Madapatha, Hao Guo, Fehmí Emre Kadan, A. Wolfgang, R. Puerta, P. Frenger, T. Svensson
This study focuses on Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems and provides a discussion about their role in next generation networks. The paradigm shift to distributed networks offers great potential to address the 6G requirements, through macro diversity. As 6G scenarios and use cases continue to emerge, new challenges are likely to arise that may affect the widespread imp-lementation of D-MIMO. To address those, different deployment options have been proposed for roll-out considerations. They are composed of several sub-components that can be categorized as (i) wireless or wired fronthaul/backhaul, (ii) analog or digital signals, (iii) distributed or centralized processing, and (iv) coherent or non-coherent transmission. To facilitate standardization efforts, we provide 3GPP-aligned terminology for network nodes, multi-point transmission and reception schemes. In order to enable large-scale implementation of D-MIMO systems, it is important to determine the needed amount of distribution, develop practical solutions for high-frequency bands, and ways to convey data that meet the transport requirements. On this regard, we discuss key enablers and present simulation results for D-MIMO systems towards 6G. In particular, we present solutions for D-MIMO networks in dynamic scenarios related to channel estimation and layer-l mobility considering coherent and non-coherent joint transmission, and analog fronthaul implementation using analog-radio-over-fiber that are promising for high (upper mm-Wave and (sub-)THz) carrier frequencies, as well as integrated access and backhaul, network-controlled repeaters, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that are possible enablers for cost-efficient network densification at both low (cm-Wave, lower mm-Wave) and high carrier frequencies.
{"title":"Distributed MIMO Systems for 6G","authors":"Omer Haliloglu, Han Yu, Charitha Madapatha, Hao Guo, Fehmí Emre Kadan, A. Wolfgang, R. Puerta, P. Frenger, T. Svensson","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188355","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems and provides a discussion about their role in next generation networks. The paradigm shift to distributed networks offers great potential to address the 6G requirements, through macro diversity. As 6G scenarios and use cases continue to emerge, new challenges are likely to arise that may affect the widespread imp-lementation of D-MIMO. To address those, different deployment options have been proposed for roll-out considerations. They are composed of several sub-components that can be categorized as (i) wireless or wired fronthaul/backhaul, (ii) analog or digital signals, (iii) distributed or centralized processing, and (iv) coherent or non-coherent transmission. To facilitate standardization efforts, we provide 3GPP-aligned terminology for network nodes, multi-point transmission and reception schemes. In order to enable large-scale implementation of D-MIMO systems, it is important to determine the needed amount of distribution, develop practical solutions for high-frequency bands, and ways to convey data that meet the transport requirements. On this regard, we discuss key enablers and present simulation results for D-MIMO systems towards 6G. In particular, we present solutions for D-MIMO networks in dynamic scenarios related to channel estimation and layer-l mobility considering coherent and non-coherent joint transmission, and analog fronthaul implementation using analog-radio-over-fiber that are promising for high (upper mm-Wave and (sub-)THz) carrier frequencies, as well as integrated access and backhaul, network-controlled repeaters, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that are possible enablers for cost-efficient network densification at both low (cm-Wave, lower mm-Wave) and high carrier frequencies.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"60 1","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91013679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188317
Yaya Bello, David Demmer, A. Hamani, A. Siligaris, C. Dehos, N. Cassiau, Jean-Baptiste Doré, J. L. Jiménez
Sub-THz bands offer a strong potential with their wide available bandwidths, which makes them a promising enabler for 6G. However, the channel propagation is challenging in those bands because of severe path loss attenuation. Hardware impairments are also strong especially phase noise (PN). Besides, silicon based components, which prevail in mobile systems thanks to their low production costs, reach their limits in such high frequencies. There is thus a need for specific solutions for both system designs and signal processing techniques. The contributions of the proposed work are multiple: (i) based on a CMOS D-Band transceiver, we measure and derive the stochastic properties of the transceiver PN and, (ii) we investigate and evaluate the performance of signal processing PN estimation and compensation techniques, with the measured PN for OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM waveforms. We demonstrate that the use of the proposed algorithm based on the statistic properties of the correlated nature of the PN, leads to a significant performance gain in DFT-s-OFDM systems. We consider a real measurement of the PN power spectral density and standard and extended 5G-NR numerologies.
{"title":"Performance Assessment of a 5GNR D-Band CMOS Transceiver with Phase Noise Impairments","authors":"Yaya Bello, David Demmer, A. Hamani, A. Siligaris, C. Dehos, N. Cassiau, Jean-Baptiste Doré, J. L. Jiménez","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188317","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-THz bands offer a strong potential with their wide available bandwidths, which makes them a promising enabler for 6G. However, the channel propagation is challenging in those bands because of severe path loss attenuation. Hardware impairments are also strong especially phase noise (PN). Besides, silicon based components, which prevail in mobile systems thanks to their low production costs, reach their limits in such high frequencies. There is thus a need for specific solutions for both system designs and signal processing techniques. The contributions of the proposed work are multiple: (i) based on a CMOS D-Band transceiver, we measure and derive the stochastic properties of the transceiver PN and, (ii) we investigate and evaluate the performance of signal processing PN estimation and compensation techniques, with the measured PN for OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM waveforms. We demonstrate that the use of the proposed algorithm based on the statistic properties of the correlated nature of the PN, leads to a significant performance gain in DFT-s-OFDM systems. We consider a real measurement of the PN power spectral density and standard and extended 5G-NR numerologies.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"2018 1","pages":"246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85395007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188280
João Fonseca, Mohamed Khadmaoui-Bichouna, Bruno Mendes, Paulo Duarte, Marco Araújo, Daniel Corujo, Ignacio Sanchez-Navarro, Antonio Matencio-Escolar, Pablo Salva-Garcia, J. Alcaraz-Calero, Q. Wang
This paper describes the integration between the Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) and UWS Slice Manager within the European project 6G Brains. The proposed solution allows for End-To-End(E2E) Network Slicing, enabling fine-grain and optimal traffic engineering of the Network components. This work's findings ensure an E2E connection. The solution allows external services to create slices and attach them easily. The UWS Network Slice Manager allows for detailed monitoring of the network slice's inner components. With this information, ONAP can improve the network by creating and optimising slices on demand. The validation of the integration presents the workflow to create and attach slices. These operations enable autonomous workflows for deploying E2E Services that ensure the QoS/QoE in the network.
{"title":"6G BRAINS Topology-aware Industry-grade Network Slice Management and Orchestration","authors":"João Fonseca, Mohamed Khadmaoui-Bichouna, Bruno Mendes, Paulo Duarte, Marco Araújo, Daniel Corujo, Ignacio Sanchez-Navarro, Antonio Matencio-Escolar, Pablo Salva-Garcia, J. Alcaraz-Calero, Q. Wang","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the integration between the Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) and UWS Slice Manager within the European project 6G Brains. The proposed solution allows for End-To-End(E2E) Network Slicing, enabling fine-grain and optimal traffic engineering of the Network components. This work's findings ensure an E2E connection. The solution allows external services to create slices and attach them easily. The UWS Network Slice Manager allows for detailed monitoring of the network slice's inner components. With this information, ONAP can improve the network by creating and optimising slices on demand. The validation of the integration presents the workflow to create and attach slices. These operations enable autonomous workflows for deploying E2E Services that ensure the QoS/QoE in the network.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"19 1","pages":"418-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82268603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188268
F. Tonini, C. Natalino, D. Temesgene, Z. Ghebretensae, L. Wosinska, P. Monti
Container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes (K8s) allow easy deployment and management of cloud native services. When deploying their services, service providers need to specify a proper amount of resources to K8s, so that the desired Quality of Service (QoS) to their users can be maintained. To cope with the varying traffic demand coming from users, they can rely on the K8s Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA) mechanism. To ensure that enough resources are available when needed, the standard HPA mechanism relies on resource overprovisioning. In this way, the required QoS is achieved most of (or all) the time but at the expense of additional resources that are allocated (and charged for), while they may stay idle for significant periods of time. A way to reduce overprovisioning is provided by the soft resource isolation of K8s, which allows services to compensate for a temporary lack of resources with shared resources, i.e., idle resources of the machines where services are running. However, during traffic spikes, these idle resources may not be enough to serve the whole demand, degrading the QoS. The HPA, which is not aware of how much demand could not be served, is not always able to correctly estimate the required additional resources, further degrading the QoS. To overcome this, service providers need to leverage overprovisioning, limiting the use of shared resources. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism for autoscaling resources in K8s that relies on service-related data to avoid the additional degradation introduced by the HPA. The proposed strategy also offers a way to tune overprovisioning and shared resources. Simulation results show that our approach can reduce idle resources by up to 60% compared with the HPA mechanism.
{"title":"A Service-Aware Autoscaling Strategy for Container Orchestration Platforms with Soft Resource Isolation","authors":"F. Tonini, C. Natalino, D. Temesgene, Z. Ghebretensae, L. Wosinska, P. Monti","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188268","url":null,"abstract":"Container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes (K8s) allow easy deployment and management of cloud native services. When deploying their services, service providers need to specify a proper amount of resources to K8s, so that the desired Quality of Service (QoS) to their users can be maintained. To cope with the varying traffic demand coming from users, they can rely on the K8s Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA) mechanism. To ensure that enough resources are available when needed, the standard HPA mechanism relies on resource overprovisioning. In this way, the required QoS is achieved most of (or all) the time but at the expense of additional resources that are allocated (and charged for), while they may stay idle for significant periods of time. A way to reduce overprovisioning is provided by the soft resource isolation of K8s, which allows services to compensate for a temporary lack of resources with shared resources, i.e., idle resources of the machines where services are running. However, during traffic spikes, these idle resources may not be enough to serve the whole demand, degrading the QoS. The HPA, which is not aware of how much demand could not be served, is not always able to correctly estimate the required additional resources, further degrading the QoS. To overcome this, service providers need to leverage overprovisioning, limiting the use of shared resources. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism for autoscaling resources in K8s that relies on service-related data to avoid the additional degradation introduced by the HPA. The proposed strategy also offers a way to tune overprovisioning and shared resources. Simulation results show that our approach can reduce idle resources by up to 60% compared with the HPA mechanism.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"17 1","pages":"454-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188253
Shanuka R. Gamaethige, H. Mahmoodi, M. Salehi, H. Suraweera, Antti Tölli
A new user-grouping method for multi antenna coded caching (CC) is proposed, able to simultaneously exploit spatial multiplexing, multicasting, and global caching gains. The proposed scheme achieves the theoretical optimal sum degrees of freedom (DoF) and can be applied to networks with any number of users K, transmit antennas L, and global CC gain t. The proposed scheme comprises both multicast and unicast transmissions wherein a suitable combination of messages is chosen exploiting a tree diagram structure thus guaranteeing symmetric transmission of data for any given set of network parameters. The same structure also removes the successive interference cancellation requirement at the receivers, thus enabling a simple linear design for optimized beamformers. Moreover, even though the proposed scheme in general requires a larger subpacketization than the original single antenna CC scheme, for the particular case of $frac{t+L}{t+1}in mathbb{N}$, it works with exactly the same subpacketization value. Finally, the achievability of the proposed scheme is proven, and in the simulations, it is demonstrated that the complexity of the transmitter and receiver implementations can be greatly reduced with only a modest performance loss.
{"title":"Reduced Complexity Multicast Beamforming and User Grouping for Multi-Antenna Coded Caching","authors":"Shanuka R. Gamaethige, H. Mahmoodi, M. Salehi, H. Suraweera, Antti Tölli","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188253","url":null,"abstract":"A new user-grouping method for multi antenna coded caching (CC) is proposed, able to simultaneously exploit spatial multiplexing, multicasting, and global caching gains. The proposed scheme achieves the theoretical optimal sum degrees of freedom (DoF) and can be applied to networks with any number of users K, transmit antennas L, and global CC gain t. The proposed scheme comprises both multicast and unicast transmissions wherein a suitable combination of messages is chosen exploiting a tree diagram structure thus guaranteeing symmetric transmission of data for any given set of network parameters. The same structure also removes the successive interference cancellation requirement at the receivers, thus enabling a simple linear design for optimized beamformers. Moreover, even though the proposed scheme in general requires a larger subpacketization than the original single antenna CC scheme, for the particular case of $frac{t+L}{t+1}in mathbb{N}$, it works with exactly the same subpacketization value. Finally, the achievability of the proposed scheme is proven, and in the simulations, it is demonstrated that the complexity of the transmitter and receiver implementations can be greatly reduced with only a modest performance loss.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"75 1","pages":"222-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188276
T. E. Oliveira, J. Reis, T. Fernandes, Samuel Madail, José Salgado, R. Caldeirinha
In this paper, a wideband antenna for 5G Small-Area Wireless Access Points (SAWAPs) applications is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to fulfil strict project require-ments, namely, to operate in the 5G FR1 n78 frequency band, and to have a reduced form factor, so it can easily be integrated in existing street furniture. The proposed antenna layout resembles a typical inset feed microstrip patch with etched ground plane. In particular, the slot opened in the bottom plane allows to improve the bandwidth up to 15%, when comparing with a standard microstrip patch antenna. A thorough simulation workout is presented to better comprehend how the main design parameters affect the antenna performance, and ultimately, to properly tune the antenna. After optimisation in CST MWS, an antenna with overall dimension of $30times 30mm^{2}$, designed in Rogers 4350B substrate, presents a total bandwidth of 585 MHz (15%), defined from 3.35 to 3.935 GHz, with an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a realised gain of 2.34 dBi. Furthermore, the proposed antenna layout is also optimised to operate inside a plastic enclosure backed by a metallic plate. According to simulations, the final antenna model presents an optimised bandwidth of 400 MHz and a realized gain of 5.03 dBi, at 3.6 GHz.
{"title":"A wideband reduced form factor antenna for 5G SAWAP applications","authors":"T. E. Oliveira, J. Reis, T. Fernandes, Samuel Madail, José Salgado, R. Caldeirinha","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188276","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a wideband antenna for 5G Small-Area Wireless Access Points (SAWAPs) applications is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to fulfil strict project require-ments, namely, to operate in the 5G FR1 n78 frequency band, and to have a reduced form factor, so it can easily be integrated in existing street furniture. The proposed antenna layout resembles a typical inset feed microstrip patch with etched ground plane. In particular, the slot opened in the bottom plane allows to improve the bandwidth up to 15%, when comparing with a standard microstrip patch antenna. A thorough simulation workout is presented to better comprehend how the main design parameters affect the antenna performance, and ultimately, to properly tune the antenna. After optimisation in CST MWS, an antenna with overall dimension of $30times 30mm^{2}$, designed in Rogers 4350B substrate, presents a total bandwidth of 585 MHz (15%), defined from 3.35 to 3.935 GHz, with an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a realised gain of 2.34 dBi. Furthermore, the proposed antenna layout is also optimised to operate inside a plastic enclosure backed by a metallic plate. According to simulations, the final antenna model presents an optimised bandwidth of 400 MHz and a realized gain of 5.03 dBi, at 3.6 GHz.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"4 1","pages":"606-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83618679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188260
Georges Gaillard, F. Saliou, J. Potet, G. Simon, P. Chanclou, E. Durán-Valdeiglesias, L. Neto, Michel Morvan, B. Fracasso
This paper aims at assessing two types of optical transmitters as potential candidates to realize transmissions at 50 Gbit/s in the context of Higher Speed Passive Optical Networks (HS-PON). A Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA) with a high bandwidth (25 GHz) Avalanche Photodiode with a Transimpedance Amplifier (APD-TIA) is proposed to achieve high optical budget required for this application. Thus, we demonstrate, real time transmission for HS-PON at 25 and 50 Gbit/s, performed with a Directly Modulated Laser (DML) composed of a Distributed Feedback laser (DFB), or an External Modulation Laser (EML) composed of a DFB, integrated with an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) and optionally a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). The transmission is realized with reduced complexity of equalization (pre-emphasis 3-taps in emission + Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter 6-taps at the reception). A sensitivity of -29.4 dBm is obtained with a DML and 25 km of fiber at 25 Gbit/s and -22.7 dBm at 50 Gbit/s. The EML-SOA achieved a sensitivity of -27.8 and -24.4 dBm at 25 and 50 Gbit/s respectively. The results obtained open a perspective on the feasibility of HS-PON with DML at the emitter side, as a low-cost alternative to EML.
{"title":"Real Time Assessments of DML and EML with 25G-class APD for Higher Speed PONs","authors":"Georges Gaillard, F. Saliou, J. Potet, G. Simon, P. Chanclou, E. Durán-Valdeiglesias, L. Neto, Michel Morvan, B. Fracasso","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at assessing two types of optical transmitters as potential candidates to realize transmissions at 50 Gbit/s in the context of Higher Speed Passive Optical Networks (HS-PON). A Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly (ROSA) with a high bandwidth (25 GHz) Avalanche Photodiode with a Transimpedance Amplifier (APD-TIA) is proposed to achieve high optical budget required for this application. Thus, we demonstrate, real time transmission for HS-PON at 25 and 50 Gbit/s, performed with a Directly Modulated Laser (DML) composed of a Distributed Feedback laser (DFB), or an External Modulation Laser (EML) composed of a DFB, integrated with an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) and optionally a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). The transmission is realized with reduced complexity of equalization (pre-emphasis 3-taps in emission + Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter 6-taps at the reception). A sensitivity of -29.4 dBm is obtained with a DML and 25 km of fiber at 25 Gbit/s and -22.7 dBm at 50 Gbit/s. The EML-SOA achieved a sensitivity of -27.8 and -24.4 dBm at 25 and 50 Gbit/s respectively. The results obtained open a perspective on the feasibility of HS-PON with DML at the emitter side, as a low-cost alternative to EML.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"33 1","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90234021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188297
L. Chatzieleftheriou, M. Gramaglia, M. Camelo, Andres Garcia-Saavedra, E. Kosmatos, Michele Gucciardo, Paola Soto, G. Iosifidis, L. Fuentes, Gines Garcia-Aviles, Andra Lutu, Gabriele Baldoni, M. Fiore
The quest for autonomous mobile networks introdu-ces the need for fully native support for Network Intelligence (NI) algorithms, typically based on Artificial Intelligence tools like Machine Learning, which shall be gathered into a NI stratum. The NI stratum is responsible for the full automation of the NI operation in the network, including the management of the life-cycle of NI algorithms, in a way that is synergic with traditional network management and orchestration framework. In this regard, the NI stratum must accommodate the unique requirements of NI algorithms, which differ from the ones of, e.g., virtual network functions, and thus plays a critical role in the native integration of NI into current network architectures. In this paper, we leverage the recently proposed concept of Network Intelligence Orchestrator (NIO) to (i) define the specific requirements of NI algorithms, and (ii) discuss the procedures that shall be supported by an NIO sitting in the NI stratum to effectively manage NI algorithms. We then (iii) introduce a reference implementation of the NIO defined above using cloud-native open-source tools.
{"title":"Orchestration Procedures for the Network Intelligence Stratum in 6G Networks","authors":"L. Chatzieleftheriou, M. Gramaglia, M. Camelo, Andres Garcia-Saavedra, E. Kosmatos, Michele Gucciardo, Paola Soto, G. Iosifidis, L. Fuentes, Gines Garcia-Aviles, Andra Lutu, Gabriele Baldoni, M. Fiore","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188297","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for autonomous mobile networks introdu-ces the need for fully native support for Network Intelligence (NI) algorithms, typically based on Artificial Intelligence tools like Machine Learning, which shall be gathered into a NI stratum. The NI stratum is responsible for the full automation of the NI operation in the network, including the management of the life-cycle of NI algorithms, in a way that is synergic with traditional network management and orchestration framework. In this regard, the NI stratum must accommodate the unique requirements of NI algorithms, which differ from the ones of, e.g., virtual network functions, and thus plays a critical role in the native integration of NI into current network architectures. In this paper, we leverage the recently proposed concept of Network Intelligence Orchestrator (NIO) to (i) define the specific requirements of NI algorithms, and (ii) discuss the procedures that shall be supported by an NIO sitting in the NI stratum to effectively manage NI algorithms. We then (iii) introduce a reference implementation of the NIO defined above using cloud-native open-source tools.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"53 1","pages":"347-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90959485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, WiFi signals have been widely used in wireless sensing applications for detecting large-scale environmental or physical characteristics, like human count and ambient temperature. Soil moisture detection using WiFi sensing is gaining interest, but the key underlying challenge is to realise contact-free sensing technology that can characterise the impact of water spreading into the soil on the Channel State Information (CSI). Therefore, we develop a framework for sensing soil water levels using CSI- based sensing. We investigate the WiFi CSI signatures pertinent to the soil water infiltration, enabling applications including soil health monitoring. In our experimental study, we use the 5GHz WiFi spectrum to implement our novel frequency-selective CSI sensing framework for soil moisture profiling using commodity Raspberry Pi devices. The experimental results verified that specific WiFi Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers are more sensitive to the changes in soil moisture, leading to a frequency-sensitive behaviour on CSI. Our framework exploits the changes in the pressure levels due to the water movement or varying humidity levels in the soil channel between the WiFi transmitter and receiver that leave impressions on the underlying CSI. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates a novel approach by inspecting the CSI amplitude pattern of water entering the soil at a finer level. Lastly, in contrast to the existing works, our low-cost and contact-free method for detecting soil moisture detection has been empirically shown to efficiently utilise the newly-identified frequency-selective CSI signatures for the water infiltration and humidity levels in soil channel for accurate soil moisture prediction.
{"title":"Frequency-Sensitive Soil Moisture Profiling Using WiFi Sensing","authors":"Thanh Vinh Nguyen, Junye Li, Deepak Mishra, Aruna Seneviratne","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188284","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, WiFi signals have been widely used in wireless sensing applications for detecting large-scale environmental or physical characteristics, like human count and ambient temperature. Soil moisture detection using WiFi sensing is gaining interest, but the key underlying challenge is to realise contact-free sensing technology that can characterise the impact of water spreading into the soil on the Channel State Information (CSI). Therefore, we develop a framework for sensing soil water levels using CSI- based sensing. We investigate the WiFi CSI signatures pertinent to the soil water infiltration, enabling applications including soil health monitoring. In our experimental study, we use the 5GHz WiFi spectrum to implement our novel frequency-selective CSI sensing framework for soil moisture profiling using commodity Raspberry Pi devices. The experimental results verified that specific WiFi Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers are more sensitive to the changes in soil moisture, leading to a frequency-sensitive behaviour on CSI. Our framework exploits the changes in the pressure levels due to the water movement or varying humidity levels in the soil channel between the WiFi transmitter and receiver that leave impressions on the underlying CSI. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates a novel approach by inspecting the CSI amplitude pattern of water entering the soil at a finer level. Lastly, in contrast to the existing works, our low-cost and contact-free method for detecting soil moisture detection has been empirically shown to efficiently utilise the newly-identified frequency-selective CSI signatures for the water infiltration and humidity levels in soil channel for accurate soil moisture prediction.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"61 1","pages":"641-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188292
A. Gomez-Torrent, J. Campion, B. Beuerle
This paper presents an E-band array antenna design for wireless applications. Three different versions of the array are presented ranging from 20 dBi to 32 dBi directivity. The broadband design makes them suitable to operate on both E-band channels simultaneously. The antennas are extremely low profile with a total package thickness of 3.25 mm and their footprint is defined by the aperture size. These high-frequency array antennas are enabled by TeraSi's siliconbased fabrication technology, which supports high-performance RF system-in-package in large volumes and at a low cost. The designs presented here are easily scalable both in volume and operational frequency, making them highly suited to 5G and future 6G network applications.
{"title":"Scalable E-Band Waveguide Array Antennas for 5G and Beyond","authors":"A. Gomez-Torrent, J. Campion, B. Beuerle","doi":"10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit58263.2023.10188292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an E-band array antenna design for wireless applications. Three different versions of the array are presented ranging from 20 dBi to 32 dBi directivity. The broadband design makes them suitable to operate on both E-band channels simultaneously. The antennas are extremely low profile with a total package thickness of 3.25 mm and their footprint is defined by the aperture size. These high-frequency array antennas are enabled by TeraSi's siliconbased fabrication technology, which supports high-performance RF system-in-package in large volumes and at a low cost. The designs presented here are easily scalable both in volume and operational frequency, making them highly suited to 5G and future 6G network applications.","PeriodicalId":65870,"journal":{"name":"公共管理高层论坛","volume":"118 1","pages":"602-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75390430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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