Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42007
K. Ahmed, A. K. Keng
This study presents an analytical shear-lag model to illustrate the interface crack propagation of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) using representative volume element (RVE). In the model, a 3D cylindrical RVE is picked to present the nanocomposite in which CNT/polymer chemically non-bonded interface is taken into consideration. In the non-bonded interface, the stress transfer of CNT is generally considered to be controlled by the combined contribution of mechanical interlocking, thermal residual stress, Poisson’s contraction and van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Since CNT/matrix interface becomes debonded due to crack propagation, vdW interaction which is a function of relative radial displacement of the CNT/matrix interface makes the modeling of the interface tricky and challenging. In order to solve this complexity, an iterative approach is proposed to calculate the vdW interaction for debonded CNT/matrix interface accurately. The analytical results aim to obtain the characteristics load displacement relationship in static crack propagation for CNT reinforced PMCs.
{"title":"Static Crack Propagation of Carbon Nanotube through Non-Bonded Interface of Nanocomposites","authors":"K. Ahmed, A. K. Keng","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42007","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an analytical shear-lag model to illustrate the interface crack propagation of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) using representative volume element (RVE). In the model, a 3D cylindrical RVE is picked to present the nanocomposite in which CNT/polymer chemically non-bonded interface is taken into consideration. In the non-bonded interface, the stress transfer of CNT is generally considered to be controlled by the combined contribution of mechanical interlocking, thermal residual stress, Poisson’s contraction and van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Since CNT/matrix interface becomes debonded due to crack propagation, vdW interaction which is a function of relative radial displacement of the CNT/matrix interface makes the modeling of the interface tricky and challenging. In order to solve this complexity, an iterative approach is proposed to calculate the vdW interaction for debonded CNT/matrix interface accurately. The analytical results aim to obtain the characteristics load displacement relationship in static crack propagation for CNT reinforced PMCs.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42013
Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad, M. Awang, O. Mamat, Zilati Bt Shaari
The structural, mechanical and thermodynamics properties of cubic zirconium oxide (cZrO2) were investigated in this study using ab initio or first-principles calculations. Density functional theory was used to optimize the crystal structure of cZrO2 and thereafter, simulations were conducted to predict the lattice parameters and elastic constants. The Zr-O bond distance was calculated as 2.1763 Å with unit cell density of 6.4179 g/cm3. The data obtained were used to determine Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio and hardness of cZrO2 as 545.12 GPa, 136.464 GPa, 0.1898 and 12.663(Hv) respectively. The result indicates that cZrO2 is mechanically stable with thermodynamics properties of a refractory material having potential for structural and catalytic applications in various forms as a nanomaterial.
{"title":"First-Principles Calculations of the Structural, Mechanical and Thermodynamics Properties of Cubic Zirconia","authors":"Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad, M. Awang, O. Mamat, Zilati Bt Shaari","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42013","url":null,"abstract":"The structural, mechanical and thermodynamics properties of cubic zirconium oxide (cZrO2) were investigated in this study using ab initio or first-principles calculations. Density functional theory was used to optimize the crystal structure of cZrO2 and thereafter, simulations were conducted to predict the lattice parameters and elastic constants. The Zr-O bond distance was calculated as 2.1763 Å with unit cell density of 6.4179 g/cm3. The data obtained were used to determine Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio and hardness of cZrO2 as 545.12 GPa, 136.464 GPa, 0.1898 and 12.663(Hv) respectively. The result indicates that cZrO2 is mechanically stable with thermodynamics properties of a refractory material having potential for structural and catalytic applications in various forms as a nanomaterial.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42008
Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed I. Ebrahim
Purpose: The mechanical strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) remains far from ideal for maintaining the longevity of denture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanofillers powder with different concentration (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and methods: Zirconium oxide powders with different concentrations (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were incorporated into heat-cure acrylic resin (PMMA) and processed with optimal condition (2.5:1 Powder/monomer ratio, conventional packing method and water bath curing for 2 hours at 95。C) to fabricate test specimens of PMMA of dimensions (50 × 30 × 30 mm) for the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and (50 × 30 × 30 mm) were fabricated for measuring hardness. PMMA without additives was prepared as a test control. Three types of mechanical tests; flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness were carried out on the samples. The recorded values of flexural strength in (MPa), fracture toughness in (MPa.m1/2), and hardness (VHN) were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests were used for testing the significance between the means of tested groups which are statistically significant when the P value ≤ 0.05. Results: Addition of Zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA significantly increased the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness. Conclusion: These results indicate that Zirconium oxide nanofillers added to PMMA has a potential as a reliable denture base material with increased flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness. According to the results of the present study, the best mechanical properties were achieved by adding 7%wt ZrO2 concentration.
{"title":"Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin","authors":"Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed I. Ebrahim","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The mechanical strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) remains far from ideal for maintaining the longevity of denture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanofillers powder with different concentration (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and methods: Zirconium oxide powders with different concentrations (1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were incorporated into heat-cure acrylic resin (PMMA) and processed with optimal condition (2.5:1 Powder/monomer ratio, conventional packing method and water bath curing for 2 hours at 95。C) to fabricate test specimens of PMMA of dimensions (50 × 30 × 30 mm) for the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and (50 × 30 × 30 mm) were fabricated for measuring hardness. PMMA without additives was prepared as a test control. Three types of mechanical tests; flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness were carried out on the samples. The recorded values of flexural strength in (MPa), fracture toughness in (MPa.m1/2), and hardness (VHN) were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests were used for testing the significance between the means of tested groups which are statistically significant when the P value ≤ 0.05. Results: Addition of Zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA significantly increased the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness. Conclusion: These results indicate that Zirconium oxide nanofillers added to PMMA has a potential as a reliable denture base material with increased flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness. According to the results of the present study, the best mechanical properties were achieved by adding 7%wt ZrO2 concentration.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42009
A. Atta, A. El-Shenawy, Fathy A. Koura, M. Refat
Selenium (IV) vitamin A complex as antioxidant drug design was prepared and characterized by microanalysis, conductance, infrared spectra, Raman laser spectra, 1HNMR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG and DTA) tool of analyses. Vitamin A chelate was coordinated as a mono-dentate ligand through the oxygen atom of –OH hydroxyl group. Thermal degradation analyses discussed the removal of terminal methyl molecules in the first and second decomposition stage while the organic ligand moieties existed in the third and subsequence steps. The Se (IV) complex in comparable with free vitamin A ligand has been assessed against some kinds of bacteria and fungi which gave a significant inhibition. The surface morphology and nano scale size of selenium metal and its vitamin complex were proved. The activation energy and other thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG*) of Se (IV) complex were calculated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger equations.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Some Selenium Nanometric Compounds: Spectroscopic, Biological and Antioxidant Assessments","authors":"A. Atta, A. El-Shenawy, Fathy A. Koura, M. Refat","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42009","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium (IV) vitamin A complex as antioxidant drug design was prepared and characterized by microanalysis, conductance, infrared spectra, Raman laser spectra, 1HNMR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG and DTA) tool of analyses. Vitamin A chelate was coordinated as a mono-dentate ligand through the oxygen atom of –OH hydroxyl group. Thermal degradation analyses discussed the removal of terminal methyl molecules in the first and second decomposition stage while the organic ligand moieties existed in the third and subsequence steps. The Se (IV) complex in comparable with free vitamin A ligand has been assessed against some kinds of bacteria and fungi which gave a significant inhibition. The surface morphology and nano scale size of selenium metal and its vitamin complex were proved. The activation energy and other thermodynamic parameters (ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG*) of Se (IV) complex were calculated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger equations.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42006
Hiroki Fukatsu, Masaaki Kuno, Y. Matsuda, S. Tasaka
Interface properties of nano-silica/thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCP) composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetory. The crystallinity of TLCP in the composites drastically decreased with an increase of nano-silica content, depending on the surface area of the silica particles. Little size effects (40 - 400 nm) in the particles and strong interaction between silica surface and the C=O moieties of TLCP were observed by IR analysis. The glass transition temperature of TLCP (。C higher than that in bulk.
{"title":"Surface Effect of Silica Nano-Particles with Different Size on Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyester Composites","authors":"Hiroki Fukatsu, Masaaki Kuno, Y. Matsuda, S. Tasaka","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42006","url":null,"abstract":"Interface properties of nano-silica/thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCP) composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetory. The crystallinity of TLCP in the composites drastically decreased with an increase of nano-silica content, depending on the surface area of the silica particles. Little size effects (40 - 400 nm) in the particles and strong interaction between silica surface and the C=O moieties of TLCP were observed by IR analysis. The glass transition temperature of TLCP (。C higher than that in bulk.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42011
B. Radjenovic, M. Radmilović-Radjenović
This paper contains results of the comprehensive studies of the effect of the isotropic etching mode on roughening of the nanocomposite materials and on smoothing of the roughed nanostructure made of homogeneous materials. Three-dimensional simulation results obtained illustrate the influence of the isotropic etch process on dynamics of the roughening and smoothing of the surfaces, indicating the opposite effects of the same etch process on the surfaces made of different materials. It was shown that root mean square roughness obeys simple scaling laws during both roughening and smoothing processes. The exponential time dependences of the rms roughness have been determined.
{"title":"Application of the Level Set Method in Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Roughening and Smoothing of Substrates in Nanotechnologies","authors":"B. Radjenovic, M. Radmilović-Radjenović","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains results of the comprehensive studies of the effect of the isotropic etching mode on roughening of the nanocomposite materials and on smoothing of the roughed nanostructure made of homogeneous materials. Three-dimensional simulation results obtained illustrate the influence of the isotropic etch process on dynamics of the roughening and smoothing of the surfaces, indicating the opposite effects of the same etch process on the surfaces made of different materials. It was shown that root mean square roughness obeys simple scaling laws during both roughening and smoothing processes. The exponential time dependences of the rms roughness have been determined.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42010
K. Saitoh, Y. Sameshima, S. Daira
In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nano-sized wiredrawing are performed. The wiredrawing is a traditional plastic working method, but there has not been any insight to develop it in a nano-sized scale. Therefore, to materialize the concept of the nano-sized wiredrawing, a numerical modelling is pursued at first in this paper, and the interatomic potential, a crystalline orientation, the drawing condition realized by a die geometry are thoroughly investigated. In particular, to reduce the friction between a wire and a die, a simple friction model for the MD analysis is newly proposed, where the interatomic interaction is adequately modified by a single factor ω. Then, the fruitful results are obtained by using ω = 0.1. We checked the availability of such nano-sized MD simulation by constructing a two-dimensional wiredrawing model, at first. The analysis of atomic stress during drawing is also assessed. It is useful to use invariant of the atomic stress tensor, such as hydrostatic stress (average stress, σm) or von Mises equivalent stress (σeq). The former is related to the phase transformation from the body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure to the face-centered-cubic (fcc) one, which is found in the present MD simulation. It is observed that an initial α-iron crystal with bcc structure changes partially into the fcc phase. It is recognized that the phase transformation is caused by the positive hydrostatic stress values, which is occurring especially inside the die region. We observed that a lot of dislocation core structures occur in wiredrawing process and their existence and evolution are well related to the equivalent stress values.
{"title":"Nano-Scale Modelling and Simulation of Metal Wiredrawing by Using Molecular Dynamics Method","authors":"K. Saitoh, Y. Sameshima, S. Daira","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42010","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nano-sized wiredrawing are performed. The wiredrawing is a traditional plastic working method, but there has not been any insight to develop it in a nano-sized scale. Therefore, to materialize the concept of the nano-sized wiredrawing, a numerical modelling is pursued at first in this paper, and the interatomic potential, a crystalline orientation, the drawing condition realized by a die geometry are thoroughly investigated. In particular, to reduce the friction between a wire and a die, a simple friction model for the MD analysis is newly proposed, where the interatomic interaction is adequately modified by a single factor ω. Then, the fruitful results are obtained by using ω = 0.1. We checked the availability of such nano-sized MD simulation by constructing a two-dimensional wiredrawing model, at first. The analysis of atomic stress during drawing is also assessed. It is useful to use invariant of the atomic stress tensor, such as hydrostatic stress (average stress, σm) or von Mises equivalent stress (σeq). The former is related to the phase transformation from the body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure to the face-centered-cubic (fcc) one, which is found in the present MD simulation. It is observed that an initial α-iron crystal with bcc structure changes partially into the fcc phase. It is recognized that the phase transformation is caused by the positive hydrostatic stress values, which is occurring especially inside the die region. We observed that a lot of dislocation core structures occur in wiredrawing process and their existence and evolution are well related to the equivalent stress values.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"70-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-09DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42012
M. Uonis, B. M. Mustafa, A. Ezzat
The effect of sputtering current that flow in a carbon rod on the structural and transport properties of Si-C junction is studied. Si-C junction is fabricated by plasma sputtering in Argon gas atmosphere without catalysts with thickness of 20, 40 and 60 nm. Images of the specimen by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) show that the carbon layer is as carbon nanotubes with diameters about 20 - 30 nm. X-ray and Raman spectrums show peak characteristics of the carbon nanotubes, the G and D bands appear for all thicknesses indicating free of defect carbon nanotubes. Two parameters about the thickness of the carbon layer and the sputtering current for different thicknesses and currents were studied. Nanotubes evidence was clear. We noticed that the sputtering current and thickness of layers affect the structure of CNT layer leading to the formation of grains. Increasing plasma current led to decrease grain formation however increasing thickness ends to increase grain size; moreover it led to amorphous structure formation and this was proved through X-ray, Raman spectra and AFM images.
{"title":"The Role of Sputtering Current on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Si-C Junction","authors":"M. Uonis, B. M. Mustafa, A. Ezzat","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.42012","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of sputtering current that flow in a carbon rod on the structural and transport properties of Si-C junction is studied. Si-C junction is fabricated by plasma sputtering in Argon gas atmosphere without catalysts with thickness of 20, 40 and 60 nm. Images of the specimen by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) show that the carbon layer is as carbon nanotubes with diameters about 20 - 30 nm. X-ray and Raman spectrums show peak characteristics of the carbon nanotubes, the G and D bands appear for all thicknesses indicating free of defect carbon nanotubes. Two parameters about the thickness of the carbon layer and the sputtering current for different thicknesses and currents were studied. Nanotubes evidence was clear. We noticed that the sputtering current and thickness of layers affect the structure of CNT layer leading to the formation of grains. Increasing plasma current led to decrease grain formation however increasing thickness ends to increase grain size; moreover it led to amorphous structure formation and this was proved through X-ray, Raman spectra and AFM images.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-27DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41004
Y. Prabhu, K. Rao, V. Kumar, B. S. Kumari
In this paper, a simple and facile surfactant assisted combustion synthesis is reported for the ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs has been done with the assistance of non-ionic surfactant TWEEN 80. The effect of fuel variations and comparative study of fuel urea and glycine have been studied by using characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analyzer. From XRD, it indicates the presence of hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO-NPs. Using X-ray broadening, crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of ZnO-NPs were studied by using Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and size-strain plot. Strain, stress and energy density parameters were calculated for the XRD peaks of all the samples using (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size-strain plot method (SSP). The results of mean particle size showed an inter correlation with W-H analysis, SSP, particle analyzer and TEM results.
{"title":"X-Ray Analysis by Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods of ZnO Nanoparticles with Fuel Variation","authors":"Y. Prabhu, K. Rao, V. Kumar, B. S. Kumari","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a simple and facile surfactant assisted combustion synthesis is reported for the ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs has been done with the assistance of non-ionic surfactant TWEEN 80. The effect of fuel variations and comparative study of fuel urea and glycine have been studied by using characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analyzer. From XRD, it indicates the presence of hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO-NPs. Using X-ray broadening, crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of ZnO-NPs were studied by using Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and size-strain plot. Strain, stress and energy density parameters were calculated for the XRD peaks of all the samples using (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size-strain plot method (SSP). The results of mean particle size showed an inter correlation with W-H analysis, SSP, particle analyzer and TEM results.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-27DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41003
V. Jogi
In order to improve the performance of polymer light-emitting devices, driving voltages, current efficiency, luminance and power efficiency of different cathode metals such as Ca/Al, CsF/Al, LiF/Al and LiF/Ca/Ag were compared. The results show that cathode metals CsF/Al contain the highest current efficiency, maximum luminance and power efficiency. Therefore, we can choose the CsF/Al to be the cathode for improving the performance of polymer light-emitting devices.
{"title":"High Performance Polymer Light-Emitting Devices","authors":"V. Jogi","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2014.41003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the performance of polymer light-emitting devices, driving voltages, current efficiency, luminance and power efficiency of different cathode metals such as Ca/Al, CsF/Al, LiF/Al and LiF/Ca/Ag were compared. The results show that cathode metals CsF/Al contain the highest current efficiency, maximum luminance and power efficiency. Therefore, we can choose the CsF/Al to be the cathode for improving the performance of polymer light-emitting devices.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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