Nowadays many carparks have been installed impulse ventilation system and use it to control fire smoke in China. As there is few study on impulses ventilation system to control fire smoke, numerical simulations on fire smoke control using FDS 6.3.2 have been carried out in a carpark with 4000 m2. It is found that impulse ventilation can effectively help the firefighters by making the fire upstream with less smoke. Based on the analysis of the numerical simulation results, jet fan number and extract rate are two important parameters in impulse ventilation smoke control design.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation on Smoke Control of Impulse Ventilation in a Large Underground Carpark","authors":"Jianping Yuan, Cong Chen, Yuchun Wen, Zhi Tang, Zheng Fang, Jun-heng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055832","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays many carparks have been installed impulse ventilation system and use it to control fire smoke in China. As there is few study on impulses ventilation system to control fire smoke, numerical simulations on fire smoke control using FDS 6.3.2 have been carried out in a carpark with 4000 m2. It is found that impulse ventilation can effectively help the firefighters by making the fire upstream with less smoke. Based on the analysis of the numerical simulation results, jet fan number and extract rate are two important parameters in impulse ventilation smoke control design.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"190 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77750141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055796
Jia-kang Shi, Cong Zuo, Tong Lu, Ruishi Sun, Yihui Zhang, P. Lin
FDS 6.7.0 was used to simulate the self-extinction of fire in a reduced-scale tunnel under different obstacles locations. The blockage ratio was 65 percent, and the distance between obstacles and fire source was 4m, 6m, 8m, 10m, respectively. Symmetrical blocking method was adopted. A 11.2 kW propane fire was used as the fire source in the simulation. It's found that FDS 6.7.0 could reproduce the self-extinction behavior. The simulated self-extinction time under different obstacles locations shows the same rule as the experimental values but the simulated value of self-extinction time is shorter than the experimental value. The simulation results of smoke and temperature show that the closer the obstacles are to the fire source, the more favorable it is for fire-fighting and evacuation
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Fire Self-extinction under Different Obstacles Locations","authors":"Jia-kang Shi, Cong Zuo, Tong Lu, Ruishi Sun, Yihui Zhang, P. Lin","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055796","url":null,"abstract":"FDS 6.7.0 was used to simulate the self-extinction of fire in a reduced-scale tunnel under different obstacles locations. The blockage ratio was 65 percent, and the distance between obstacles and fire source was 4m, 6m, 8m, 10m, respectively. Symmetrical blocking method was adopted. A 11.2 kW propane fire was used as the fire source in the simulation. It's found that FDS 6.7.0 could reproduce the self-extinction behavior. The simulated self-extinction time under different obstacles locations shows the same rule as the experimental values but the simulated value of self-extinction time is shorter than the experimental value. The simulation results of smoke and temperature show that the closer the obstacles are to the fire source, the more favorable it is for fire-fighting and evacuation","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79364795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055768
Qihua Wang, Chunjie Zhai, Junhui Gong
Explosion characteristics of premixed methane/air vapor cloud ignited by a jet flame are estimated numerically using CFD software FLACS to comprehensively understand the explosion propagation mechanism of mixed gas at quiescent ambient air condition. Simulation scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect of methane concentration on the explosive properties of the freely dispersed vapor cloud. The premixed jet flame was ejected from a cuboid tube filled with varying concentrations of methane, and the mushroom shaped flame front was mainly attributed to the combustion of the ejected unburnt gas. The numerical simulations match the empirical and analytical formulas well, indicating the numerical model provides acceptable accuracy in assessing the explosion behaviors. The research results show that the methane concentration plays an important role in determining the jet flame length and temperature which reach respectively a peak value, 3.3 m, and a minimum value, 779.12K, at 11 % methane concentration. The dependence of the critical ignition distance Dc on the methane concentration is similar to that of the flame length, but the ignition temperature exhibits an opposite tendency. Additionally, the critical ignition distance is found much smaller than the jet flame length. The flame geometry is significantly enlarged due to the ignited vapor cloud, which may cause severe secondary disaster in practical scenarios.
{"title":"Explosion Characteristics of a Premixed Methane-Air Vapor Cloud Induced by a Jet Flame","authors":"Qihua Wang, Chunjie Zhai, Junhui Gong","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055768","url":null,"abstract":"Explosion characteristics of premixed methane/air vapor cloud ignited by a jet flame are estimated numerically using CFD software FLACS to comprehensively understand the explosion propagation mechanism of mixed gas at quiescent ambient air condition. Simulation scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect of methane concentration on the explosive properties of the freely dispersed vapor cloud. The premixed jet flame was ejected from a cuboid tube filled with varying concentrations of methane, and the mushroom shaped flame front was mainly attributed to the combustion of the ejected unburnt gas. The numerical simulations match the empirical and analytical formulas well, indicating the numerical model provides acceptable accuracy in assessing the explosion behaviors. The research results show that the methane concentration plays an important role in determining the jet flame length and temperature which reach respectively a peak value, 3.3 m, and a minimum value, 779.12K, at 11 % methane concentration. The dependence of the critical ignition distance Dc on the methane concentration is similar to that of the flame length, but the ignition temperature exhibits an opposite tendency. Additionally, the critical ignition distance is found much smaller than the jet flame length. The flame geometry is significantly enlarged due to the ignited vapor cloud, which may cause severe secondary disaster in practical scenarios.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055880
Jing Jin, Fan Wu, Yuanhan Li, Ling Liu
As a typical building material, gypsum board is an effective carrier for recording the occurrence and development of fire. Therefore, studying the trace characteristics on the gypsum board has great reference value for indoor fire investigation. This topic adopts the method of macroscopic analysis. By controlling the specifications of the oil pan and the distance from the wall surface of the gypsum board, the fire trace characteristics of the gypsum board under different flame strength conditions are observed and recorded. Based on this, the fire field temperature data is analyzed and compared. Therefore, the relationship between the fire mark characteristics of the plasterboard and the flame position and flame intensity is explored. The results show that the oil pan fire with a size of 20 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm will leave a corresponding trace of heat on the wall of the gypsum board when the distance between the edge of the flame and the wall of the gypsum board is within about 2.5 times the flame radius. Under the condition that the adjacent temperature is lower than 300 °C, the surface of the gypsum board is mainly characterized by coking, and the fire marks are kept on the surface protective paper; when the temperature of the fire reaches 400 °C~500 °C, the protective paper starts to be in the form of debris. When the rupture fell, it was observed that the gypsum board core had a crack of the turtle; the gypsum board completely destroyed the temperature at about 900 °C. Along the distance from the fire point, the gypsum board showed changes in the central round spot, trumpet-like marks, concentric elliptical marks and U-shaped marks. This paper compares and summarizes the influence law of gypsum board fire marks and fire conditions, and provides a reference for the related fire site investigation work in the future.
石膏板作为一种典型的建筑材料，是记录火灾发生发展的有效载体。因此，研究石膏板上的痕迹特征对室内火灾调查具有重要的参考价值。本课题采用宏观分析的方法。通过控制油底壳规格及与石膏板壁面的距离，观察并记录了石膏板在不同火焰强度条件下的火迹特性。在此基础上，对火场温度数据进行了分析比较。因此，探讨了石膏板的火痕特性与火焰位置、火焰强度的关系。结果表明，20 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm大小的油底火，当火焰边缘与石膏板壁面的距离在火焰半径的2.5倍左右时，会在石膏板壁面上留下相应的热迹。在邻近温度低于300℃的条件下，石膏板表面主要以结焦为特征，表面保护纸上保留着火痕迹;当火的温度达到400℃~500℃时，保护纸开始以碎片的形式出现。破裂落时，观察到石膏板芯有龟裂;石膏板在900℃左右完全破坏了温度。石膏板在离火点的距离上呈现出中心圆形斑点、喇叭状痕迹、同心椭圆痕迹和u形痕迹的变化。对比总结了石膏板火灾标志和火灾条件的影响规律，为今后相关火灾现场调查工作提供参考。
{"title":"Study on Fire Trace Characteristics of Paper Gypsum Board","authors":"Jing Jin, Fan Wu, Yuanhan Li, Ling Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055880","url":null,"abstract":"As a typical building material, gypsum board is an effective carrier for recording the occurrence and development of fire. Therefore, studying the trace characteristics on the gypsum board has great reference value for indoor fire investigation. This topic adopts the method of macroscopic analysis. By controlling the specifications of the oil pan and the distance from the wall surface of the gypsum board, the fire trace characteristics of the gypsum board under different flame strength conditions are observed and recorded. Based on this, the fire field temperature data is analyzed and compared. Therefore, the relationship between the fire mark characteristics of the plasterboard and the flame position and flame intensity is explored. The results show that the oil pan fire with a size of 20 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm will leave a corresponding trace of heat on the wall of the gypsum board when the distance between the edge of the flame and the wall of the gypsum board is within about 2.5 times the flame radius. Under the condition that the adjacent temperature is lower than 300 °C, the surface of the gypsum board is mainly characterized by coking, and the fire marks are kept on the surface protective paper; when the temperature of the fire reaches 400 °C~500 °C, the protective paper starts to be in the form of debris. When the rupture fell, it was observed that the gypsum board core had a crack of the turtle; the gypsum board completely destroyed the temperature at about 900 °C. Along the distance from the fire point, the gypsum board showed changes in the central round spot, trumpet-like marks, concentric elliptical marks and U-shaped marks. This paper compares and summarizes the influence law of gypsum board fire marks and fire conditions, and provides a reference for the related fire site investigation work in the future.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82942163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055816
Wei Xie, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Yu-chun Zhang, Chunjie Mou, Wenbin Zhang, Meng Shi
Crowd is simplified as a collection of single individuals in many existed evacuation literatures. However, most of pedestrians actually move as social groups (e.g. family, friends, colleagues) and the existence of groups in crowd should not be neglected. In this paper, evacuation experiments were conducted in a room under various visibility levels. The fact that crowd contains individuals as well as groups is taken into account. Relationships among participants are investigated by SNA method. Quantitative and qualitative data including pre-movement time, travel time, moving speed and trajectories are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that travel time during evacuation is positively correlated with spatial locations, while pre-movement time depends largely on pedestrians' characteristics. The moving forms of groups have advantage over individuals when visibility is low. The pre-movement stage for groups is longer than individuals, but the travel speed for the former is faster than the latter under the worst visibility. Pedestrian's moving trajectory is zigzag bending curve in view-limited condition and its fluctuation degree increases with reduced visibility. Moreover, trajectories in group experiments have less fluctuations and the scope of moving area is larger than that in individual experiments. It is implied that evacuees hold a more stable mental state when moving in groups than evacuating individually. Group behaviors increase the possibility to actively explore information as well as space during evacuation in bad visibility.
{"title":"Evacuation Experiments under Different Visibility Conditions: Investigating Differences Between Individuals and Groups","authors":"Wei Xie, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Yu-chun Zhang, Chunjie Mou, Wenbin Zhang, Meng Shi","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055816","url":null,"abstract":"Crowd is simplified as a collection of single individuals in many existed evacuation literatures. However, most of pedestrians actually move as social groups (e.g. family, friends, colleagues) and the existence of groups in crowd should not be neglected. In this paper, evacuation experiments were conducted in a room under various visibility levels. The fact that crowd contains individuals as well as groups is taken into account. Relationships among participants are investigated by SNA method. Quantitative and qualitative data including pre-movement time, travel time, moving speed and trajectories are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that travel time during evacuation is positively correlated with spatial locations, while pre-movement time depends largely on pedestrians' characteristics. The moving forms of groups have advantage over individuals when visibility is low. The pre-movement stage for groups is longer than individuals, but the travel speed for the former is faster than the latter under the worst visibility. Pedestrian's moving trajectory is zigzag bending curve in view-limited condition and its fluctuation degree increases with reduced visibility. Moreover, trajectories in group experiments have less fluctuations and the scope of moving area is larger than that in individual experiments. It is implied that evacuees hold a more stable mental state when moving in groups than evacuating individually. Group behaviors increase the possibility to actively explore information as well as space during evacuation in bad visibility.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055811
Lianhua Cheng, Ningning Shen
Combining the existing research results of vulnerability theory, the vulnerability theory is introduced into the fire safety field of urban commercial complex, and the concept of urban commercial complex vulnerability under fire disaster scenario is proposed.Based on the source of vulnerability, from the three aspects of personnel, equipment and environment, and further combined with the three elements of vulnerability structure (exposure, sensitivity, adaptability) to analyze the fire vulnerability impact factor.On this basis, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is selected to establish a mathematical model for assessing the vulnerability of urban commercial complexes under fire disaster scenarios, Realize the determination of vulnerability level. Finally, with a certain urban commercial complex in Xi'an as an example,a vulnerability assessment was conducted by using the model. The results show that the results obtained by the application model are basically consistent with the actual situation, which further verifies the feasibility and practicability of the model.
{"title":"Vulnerability Assessment Model of Urban Commercial Complex under Fire Disaster Scenario","authors":"Lianhua Cheng, Ningning Shen","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055811","url":null,"abstract":"Combining the existing research results of vulnerability theory, the vulnerability theory is introduced into the fire safety field of urban commercial complex, and the concept of urban commercial complex vulnerability under fire disaster scenario is proposed.Based on the source of vulnerability, from the three aspects of personnel, equipment and environment, and further combined with the three elements of vulnerability structure (exposure, sensitivity, adaptability) to analyze the fire vulnerability impact factor.On this basis, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is selected to establish a mathematical model for assessing the vulnerability of urban commercial complexes under fire disaster scenarios, Realize the determination of vulnerability level. Finally, with a certain urban commercial complex in Xi'an as an example,a vulnerability assessment was conducted by using the model. The results show that the results obtained by the application model are basically consistent with the actual situation, which further verifies the feasibility and practicability of the model.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85690869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055810
Zhibiao Li, Xunjia Zhuo, Tao Huang, Lan Peng, Zeming Zheng, Chaoliang Xing, Xianjia Huang
The impact of a large commercial aircraft on the nuclear power plant is required in the hazards analysis for nuclear safety since 9/11 events. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate the fireball caused by the impact of a large commercial aircraft on nuclear power plant (NPP). The effect of loading fuel on the fireball behavior was investigated after aircraft crash. Simulated results show as the fuel loading mass increases from 10 tons to 75 tons, the maximum heat release rate (HRR) of fireball increases from 6.46×107 kw to 1.84×108 kw; residual fuel increased from 18% to 43.3% of the total fuel load; lifetime of fireball increases from 13.29 s to 19.66 s; maximum diameters of the fireball increases from 103.54 m to 209.9 m. In order to investigate the reliability of numerical simulations, predicted lifetime and maximum diameter of fireball were compared with the values that calculated by semi-empirical models. Relative errors of the prediction for lifetime and maximum diameter of fireball are approximately 13.1%~26.5% and 12.9%~15.2%, respectively. Evidently, the numerical simulation results have good reliability.
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Aircraft Impacting Nuclear Power Plant with Different Fuel Loading","authors":"Zhibiao Li, Xunjia Zhuo, Tao Huang, Lan Peng, Zeming Zheng, Chaoliang Xing, Xianjia Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055810","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of a large commercial aircraft on the nuclear power plant is required in the hazards analysis for nuclear safety since 9/11 events. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate the fireball caused by the impact of a large commercial aircraft on nuclear power plant (NPP). The effect of loading fuel on the fireball behavior was investigated after aircraft crash. Simulated results show as the fuel loading mass increases from 10 tons to 75 tons, the maximum heat release rate (HRR) of fireball increases from 6.46×107 kw to 1.84×108 kw; residual fuel increased from 18% to 43.3% of the total fuel load; lifetime of fireball increases from 13.29 s to 19.66 s; maximum diameters of the fireball increases from 103.54 m to 209.9 m. In order to investigate the reliability of numerical simulations, predicted lifetime and maximum diameter of fireball were compared with the values that calculated by semi-empirical models. Relative errors of the prediction for lifetime and maximum diameter of fireball are approximately 13.1%~26.5% and 12.9%~15.2%, respectively. Evidently, the numerical simulation results have good reliability.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82317573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global rail transit is developing faster and faster. Trains can adapt to various operating environments and have faster speed and more diverse functions. How to ensure the safety of passengers' lives and properties has attracted more and more attention. Researching the running capability of rolling stock under fire has became the important and significant topic. This thesis presents research consisting of experiments and analysis of running capability in case of fire on board in a Metro train. The aim of this research is to use experiments and analysis, particularly materials fire experiment and structure fire resistance experiment, to increase understanding of running capability in Metro train.
{"title":"Research on the Running Capability of Rolling Stock Under Fire","authors":"Shu Zhang, Wanxiu Teng, Yong Sun, Qiang Sun, Yantong Liu, Jinlong Xiu, Changhai Li, Tingting Qiu, Xin Tian","doi":"10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055821","url":null,"abstract":"The global rail transit is developing faster and faster. Trains can adapt to various operating environments and have faster speed and more diverse functions. How to ensure the safety of passengers' lives and properties has attracted more and more attention. Researching the running capability of rolling stock under fire has became the important and significant topic. This thesis presents research consisting of experiments and analysis of running capability in case of fire on board in a Metro train. The aim of this research is to use experiments and analysis, particularly materials fire experiment and structure fire resistance experiment, to increase understanding of running capability in Metro train.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"271 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73369372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055846
Joe Ruifeng Cao, Eric Wai Ming Lee, A. Yuen, Meng Shi, Guan Heng Yeoh
Emergencies such as building fire accidents, terrorist attacks or earthquake may result in severe crowd disasters. Hence, to efficiently evacuate crowd from these life-threatening circumstances has always been of great concern to safety experts. The “Faster is Slower” effect has been identified as every individual from crowds try to run through the exit fast, which will unavoidably exhibit competitive behavior during the evacuation. As a result, temporal clogging caused by these “faster” evacuees will hinder the overall evacuation process. However, it is unclear that whether the “slower” individuals who tend to give way to others will facilitate the evacuation. This paper aims to investigate the give-way behavior of evacuees by modifying the well-approved Social force model in a room evacuation scenario. We compare the evacuation performance of our developed give-way individuals with the evacuees developed in the original Social force model. The simulation results show that give-way evacuees are able to speed up the overall process of evacuation nearly 90 seconds when the exit is narrow (i.e. 0.6m). Nevertheless, as the exit width increases, the advantage of give-way behavior gradually diminishes. When the exit reaches 1m wide, longer evacuation time are required by give-way evacuees. Our work suggests that the give-way behavior of evacuees could facilitate the overall evacuation and generate the “slower is faster” effect when the exit is narrow.
{"title":"“Slower is Faster” by Considering of Give-way Evacuation Behavior","authors":"Joe Ruifeng Cao, Eric Wai Ming Lee, A. Yuen, Meng Shi, Guan Heng Yeoh","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055846","url":null,"abstract":"Emergencies such as building fire accidents, terrorist attacks or earthquake may result in severe crowd disasters. Hence, to efficiently evacuate crowd from these life-threatening circumstances has always been of great concern to safety experts. The “Faster is Slower” effect has been identified as every individual from crowds try to run through the exit fast, which will unavoidably exhibit competitive behavior during the evacuation. As a result, temporal clogging caused by these “faster” evacuees will hinder the overall evacuation process. However, it is unclear that whether the “slower” individuals who tend to give way to others will facilitate the evacuation. This paper aims to investigate the give-way behavior of evacuees by modifying the well-approved Social force model in a room evacuation scenario. We compare the evacuation performance of our developed give-way individuals with the evacuees developed in the original Social force model. The simulation results show that give-way evacuees are able to speed up the overall process of evacuation nearly 90 seconds when the exit is narrow (i.e. 0.6m). Nevertheless, as the exit width increases, the advantage of give-way behavior gradually diminishes. When the exit reaches 1m wide, longer evacuation time are required by give-way evacuees. Our work suggests that the give-way behavior of evacuees could facilitate the overall evacuation and generate the “slower is faster” effect when the exit is narrow.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78646463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055878
Xiaoge Wei, Dan Zhang, Fangfang Li
In order to study the evacuation rules of high-rise residential buildings and analyze the effect of the family group evacuation model on the people evacuation, this paper takes a 30-storey residential building as an example, then uses the Pathfinder evacuation software to establish an evacuation model for high-rise residential building to conduct simulation research. The simulation results show that the synergy between family groups has a negative effect on the evacuation process and increases the evacuation time to a certain extent. Family groups occupy a larger area, which is difficult for other people to surpass or intersperse, and hamper the movement of individuals with high speed in the following, causing the increase of the crowd congestion time. In addition, compared with the simulation results of the family group assisting one person to evacuate and assisting two people to evacuate, it is found that the more vulnerable groups in the evacuated population, the more assisted the evacuation situation, and the longer the evacuation time. Furthermore, we obtain that the existence of obstacles in the front room of the stairs has both rectifying and blocking effects, which is related to the relative position of obstacles and stairs. When the obstacle is located at the edge of the stairwell, the rectifying effect of the obstacle occupies a dominant position, on the contrary, obstacles dominate.
{"title":"Study on Family Group Evacuation of High-rise Residential Buildings","authors":"Xiaoge Wei, Dan Zhang, Fangfang Li","doi":"10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFSFPE48751.2019.9055878","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the evacuation rules of high-rise residential buildings and analyze the effect of the family group evacuation model on the people evacuation, this paper takes a 30-storey residential building as an example, then uses the Pathfinder evacuation software to establish an evacuation model for high-rise residential building to conduct simulation research. The simulation results show that the synergy between family groups has a negative effect on the evacuation process and increases the evacuation time to a certain extent. Family groups occupy a larger area, which is difficult for other people to surpass or intersperse, and hamper the movement of individuals with high speed in the following, causing the increase of the crowd congestion time. In addition, compared with the simulation results of the family group assisting one person to evacuate and assisting two people to evacuate, it is found that the more vulnerable groups in the evacuated population, the more assisted the evacuation situation, and the longer the evacuation time. Furthermore, we obtain that the existence of obstacles in the front room of the stairs has both rectifying and blocking effects, which is related to the relative position of obstacles and stairs. When the obstacle is located at the edge of the stairwell, the rectifying effect of the obstacle occupies a dominant position, on the contrary, obstacles dominate.","PeriodicalId":6687,"journal":{"name":"2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72703447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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