Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241099
Alberto Gallucci, Stefano Falsone, C. Brunetto, Urban Carlo Alberto, D. Corona, D. Stefanelli, Marco Bartalucci, Irene Varoli
This paper describes the main challenges of the decarbonisation and energy transition processes, with particular reference to Italy. After contextualizing the paradigm shift affecting the electricity system and the related decarbonisation targets, we will examine the main instruments envisaged by the Italian Government, and the priority actions. A focus will follow on two of the main regulatory streams correlated to the energy transition, namely the Capacity Market and the reform of electricity dispatching. In conclusion, we will summarize the main actions that the Enel group is implementing in Italy to favor the decarbonisation targets, and the main technology drivers.
{"title":"Market Design and infrastructural & technological needs to accompany Energy Transition and Decarbonisation","authors":"Alberto Gallucci, Stefano Falsone, C. Brunetto, Urban Carlo Alberto, D. Corona, D. Stefanelli, Marco Bartalucci, Irene Varoli","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241099","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the main challenges of the decarbonisation and energy transition processes, with particular reference to Italy. After contextualizing the paradigm shift affecting the electricity system and the related decarbonisation targets, we will examine the main instruments envisaged by the Italian Government, and the priority actions. A focus will follow on two of the main regulatory streams correlated to the energy transition, namely the Capacity Market and the reform of electricity dispatching. In conclusion, we will summarize the main actions that the Enel group is implementing in Italy to favor the decarbonisation targets, and the main technology drivers.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241105
I. Baffo, S. Minucci, S. Ubertini, G. Calabrò, A. Genovese, N. Andrenacci
In this paper, we deal with the design of a sustainable network of charging stations for electric vehicles circulating in an urban area. The major obstacles to E-Mobility (EM) development are still to be found into heated debates both in the scientific and industrial field and into a lacking of a widespread, accessible and homogeneous recharge infrastructure for the electric vehicles. In this work, we face the problem known as location optimization of charging stations and offer a heuristic method to design a sustainable infrastructure for the electric vehicles charging into urban contexts. In particular, the research can help mayors and governors of cities to take decisions concerning the number, the type and the placement of charging stations, taking into account the estimated hourly demand of charging services. Obviously, the design of an appropriate network includes the definition of all the needed costs to build the infrastructure and then the analysis of economic sustainability of the network basing on the revenues coming from estimated demand. The profitability of single charging stations is one of the main criteria to choose for the installation of a station. In this study we assume homogeneous pricing policy like in a monopoly scenario among charging stations. Future research can investigate on the effect of different prices applied by stations in the network design.
{"title":"Optimal sizing and location of a fast charging infrastructure network for urban areas","authors":"I. Baffo, S. Minucci, S. Ubertini, G. Calabrò, A. Genovese, N. Andrenacci","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we deal with the design of a sustainable network of charging stations for electric vehicles circulating in an urban area. The major obstacles to E-Mobility (EM) development are still to be found into heated debates both in the scientific and industrial field and into a lacking of a widespread, accessible and homogeneous recharge infrastructure for the electric vehicles. In this work, we face the problem known as location optimization of charging stations and offer a heuristic method to design a sustainable infrastructure for the electric vehicles charging into urban contexts. In particular, the research can help mayors and governors of cities to take decisions concerning the number, the type and the placement of charging stations, taking into account the estimated hourly demand of charging services. Obviously, the design of an appropriate network includes the definition of all the needed costs to build the infrastructure and then the analysis of economic sustainability of the network basing on the revenues coming from estimated demand. The profitability of single charging stations is one of the main criteria to choose for the installation of a station. In this study we assume homogeneous pricing policy like in a monopoly scenario among charging stations. Future research can investigate on the effect of different prices applied by stations in the network design.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241109
G. Vigano, M. Rossi, C. Michelangeli, D. Moneta
In future power systems the resources connected at the distribution level will become increasingly important from the energy mix and flexibility reserve point of views. The additional renewable generation, particularly photovoltaic, will be mostly located at the distribution level. The same can be also expected for electric loads, which will increase due to the spread of electric vehicles and electric heat pumps. The distribution system operators have different options in order to face these transformations. The possible solutions range from the classical network reinforcements to the adoption of advanced control solutions. In order to determine the best approach from an economic, regulatory and technical point of view, extensive simulations have to be performed on a large number of real distribution networks. However, the network data of real distribution networks are not usually public. This paper shows how a method for generating synthetic networks can be integrated with available public data in order to obtain realistic distribution network models of a specific area. The approach is used to reproduce the distribution networks of the Italian power system, modelling their electrical structure and the connected loads and generators. These networks can be used to investigate scenarios of future development of distribution networks.
{"title":"Creation of the Italian Distribution System Scenario by Using Synthetic Artificial Networks","authors":"G. Vigano, M. Rossi, C. Michelangeli, D. Moneta","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241109","url":null,"abstract":"In future power systems the resources connected at the distribution level will become increasingly important from the energy mix and flexibility reserve point of views. The additional renewable generation, particularly photovoltaic, will be mostly located at the distribution level. The same can be also expected for electric loads, which will increase due to the spread of electric vehicles and electric heat pumps. The distribution system operators have different options in order to face these transformations. The possible solutions range from the classical network reinforcements to the adoption of advanced control solutions. In order to determine the best approach from an economic, regulatory and technical point of view, extensive simulations have to be performed on a large number of real distribution networks. However, the network data of real distribution networks are not usually public. This paper shows how a method for generating synthetic networks can be integrated with available public data in order to obtain realistic distribution network models of a specific area. The approach is used to reproduce the distribution networks of the Italian power system, modelling their electrical structure and the connected loads and generators. These networks can be used to investigate scenarios of future development of distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86147288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241161
E. Grasso, M. Palmieri, F. Corti, M. Nienhaus, F. Cupertino, F. Grasso
In the field of sensorless control techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous machines, many solutions have been proposed that are based on the exploitation of the machine anisotropies. Among them, the Direct Flux Control (DFC) technique allows sensorless operation by measuring the star-point voltage of the machine. Given the high signal to noise ratio of the DFC measurements, such technique can be potentially used not only for sensorless operation but also for condition monitoring and fault detection. In this work, after a brief introduction on the technique, an analysis of the effects of stator inter-turns short-circuit fault on the DFC measurements is presented in order to provide a better insight on the capability of DFC as fault detector. Simulation results are finally shown and discussed.
{"title":"Detection of stator turns short-circuit during sensorless operation by means of the Direct Flux Control technique","authors":"E. Grasso, M. Palmieri, F. Corti, M. Nienhaus, F. Cupertino, F. Grasso","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241161","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of sensorless control techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous machines, many solutions have been proposed that are based on the exploitation of the machine anisotropies. Among them, the Direct Flux Control (DFC) technique allows sensorless operation by measuring the star-point voltage of the machine. Given the high signal to noise ratio of the DFC measurements, such technique can be potentially used not only for sensorless operation but also for condition monitoring and fault detection. In this work, after a brief introduction on the technique, an analysis of the effects of stator inter-turns short-circuit fault on the DFC measurements is presented in order to provide a better insight on the capability of DFC as fault detector. Simulation results are finally shown and discussed.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82187164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241090
E. Carlini, C. Coluzzi, Federico Lanzellotto, A. Pascucci, F. Monopoli, V. Ilea, C. Bovo, Hong Lam Le
The flow-based methodology is a relatively new approach for the allocation of cross-border exchanges between control areas, alternative to the classical so-called NTC based methodology. At a glance, the flow-based methodology aims at determining a multi-dimensional domain where the inter-TSO energy trading is possible, taking into account the security of the transmission grid, by means of a sensitivity approach on the network elements. The flow-based methodology is particularly indicated for highly meshed power systems, where the strong interdependence among several interconnected grids, is a hindrance for the calculation of cross-border bilateral capacities. Indeed, the flow-based methodology better fits the meshed systems, as it guarantees the respecting of security constraints, in the different control area, in a simultaneous way. This paper reports the main outcomes of the analysis run on the Northern Italian interconnection applying a flow-based methodology for the assessment of cross-border power exchanges.
{"title":"Simulation of Euphemia’s Market Coupling using a flow-based model for the Region Italy North","authors":"E. Carlini, C. Coluzzi, Federico Lanzellotto, A. Pascucci, F. Monopoli, V. Ilea, C. Bovo, Hong Lam Le","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241090","url":null,"abstract":"The flow-based methodology is a relatively new approach for the allocation of cross-border exchanges between control areas, alternative to the classical so-called NTC based methodology. At a glance, the flow-based methodology aims at determining a multi-dimensional domain where the inter-TSO energy trading is possible, taking into account the security of the transmission grid, by means of a sensitivity approach on the network elements. The flow-based methodology is particularly indicated for highly meshed power systems, where the strong interdependence among several interconnected grids, is a hindrance for the calculation of cross-border bilateral capacities. Indeed, the flow-based methodology better fits the meshed systems, as it guarantees the respecting of security constraints, in the different control area, in a simultaneous way. This paper reports the main outcomes of the analysis run on the Northern Italian interconnection applying a flow-based methodology for the assessment of cross-border power exchanges.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76317996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241187
Marika Lamanuzzi, Jacopo Andrea Di Antonio, F. Foiadelli, M. Longo, Andrea Labombarda, Nicolò Dozio, F. Ferrise
The aim of this work is to present an algorithm used to perform an energetic analysis for an electric vehicle in a Virtual Reality (VR) scenario. This was useful to recognize some patterns of driving behavior considering users and their psychological aspects. The primary aspect enlightened is the description of the experimental setup used to perform tests with 26 users. Through Unity and Matlab software, it was possible to exploit a VR scenario aimed at recreating in the same route both urban and highway paths in condition of real traffic, performed with a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). The acquisition part is illustrated in its methodology in two different cases covering disturbance and non-disturbance scenario. Moreover, the population was divided considering gender to establish a characterization which linked energy consumption and associated analysis to psychological traits of the driver.
{"title":"Analysis of Energy Consumption in an Electric Vehicle through Virtual Reality Set-Up","authors":"Marika Lamanuzzi, Jacopo Andrea Di Antonio, F. Foiadelli, M. Longo, Andrea Labombarda, Nicolò Dozio, F. Ferrise","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241187","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to present an algorithm used to perform an energetic analysis for an electric vehicle in a Virtual Reality (VR) scenario. This was useful to recognize some patterns of driving behavior considering users and their psychological aspects. The primary aspect enlightened is the description of the experimental setup used to perform tests with 26 users. Through Unity and Matlab software, it was possible to exploit a VR scenario aimed at recreating in the same route both urban and highway paths in condition of real traffic, performed with a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). The acquisition part is illustrated in its methodology in two different cases covering disturbance and non-disturbance scenario. Moreover, the population was divided considering gender to establish a characterization which linked energy consumption and associated analysis to psychological traits of the driver.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241125
Zhi-Yuan Wang, H. Chiang
The non-convexity of an AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem has been presented by giving some examples, but the non-convexity of general AC OPF has not been presented. This paper proposes that transmission losses will cause the non-convexity of the feasible injection region (FIR) of general AC OPF problems. It shows that network lossless is the necessary condition for a convex FIR, but it is not a sufficient condition. It is also shown that the FIR of lossless AC OPF problems can be non-convex. A numerical method is proposed to calculate the non-convexity degree of a set and is applied to show that a seemingly convex FIR is, in fact, nonconvex. It also seeks to show that network losses can lead to the non-convexity of the FIR. Large network losses lead to a high degree of non-convexity. It is also shown that the higher the network losses, the higher the degree of non-convexity for the FIR. The conclusions are illustrated in 9-, 33-, and 57-bus systems.
{"title":"On the Non-Convexity Degree of Lossy Optimal Power Flow Models: Numerical Studies","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Wang, H. Chiang","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241125","url":null,"abstract":"The non-convexity of an AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem has been presented by giving some examples, but the non-convexity of general AC OPF has not been presented. This paper proposes that transmission losses will cause the non-convexity of the feasible injection region (FIR) of general AC OPF problems. It shows that network lossless is the necessary condition for a convex FIR, but it is not a sufficient condition. It is also shown that the FIR of lossless AC OPF problems can be non-convex. A numerical method is proposed to calculate the non-convexity degree of a set and is applied to show that a seemingly convex FIR is, in fact, nonconvex. It also seeks to show that network losses can lead to the non-convexity of the FIR. Large network losses lead to a high degree of non-convexity. It is also shown that the higher the network losses, the higher the degree of non-convexity for the FIR. The conclusions are illustrated in 9-, 33-, and 57-bus systems.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"151 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241083
E. Bionda, Alberto Maldarella, F. Soldan, Gabriele Paludetto, Federico Belloni
In Italy, the government countermeasures against Covid-19 have had a large impact on citizens, companies and industries, affecting the electric energy consumption too. Lombardy is surely the main affected region in terms of Covid-19 cases and slow-down of production activities of its cities. For two of them, Brescia and Milan, the impact on the electric distribution is analysed keeping the entry into force of the government actions as relevant time references. The different response to the emergency of the two cities points out the prevalent services activities of Milan and the industrial character of Brescia. Moreover, for Brescia it is studied the variation of electric demand and its daily load profile for specific feeders that are representative of a consumer category. This analysis underlines the need of the Distribution System Operators to build an infrastructure able to manage, through a data driven approach (Big Data, machine learning), the unexpected variation of daily profiles in order to make the electric grid more resilient.
{"title":"Covid-19 and electricity demand: focus on Milan and Brescia distribution grids","authors":"E. Bionda, Alberto Maldarella, F. Soldan, Gabriele Paludetto, Federico Belloni","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241083","url":null,"abstract":"In Italy, the government countermeasures against Covid-19 have had a large impact on citizens, companies and industries, affecting the electric energy consumption too. Lombardy is surely the main affected region in terms of Covid-19 cases and slow-down of production activities of its cities. For two of them, Brescia and Milan, the impact on the electric distribution is analysed keeping the entry into force of the government actions as relevant time references. The different response to the emergency of the two cities points out the prevalent services activities of Milan and the industrial character of Brescia. Moreover, for Brescia it is studied the variation of electric demand and its daily load profile for specific feeders that are representative of a consumer category. This analysis underlines the need of the Distribution System Operators to build an infrastructure able to manage, through a data driven approach (Big Data, machine learning), the unexpected variation of daily profiles in order to make the electric grid more resilient.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"190 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74180241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241163
R. Lamedica, F. Gatta, A. Ruvio, Francesco Olevano, G. G. Buffarini, Massimo Castellani
The paper describes and analyzes the electrical system of a long tunnel placed along the “Naples-Bari” High-Speed railway line. In particular, a critical situation, due to a blackout event has been investigated. A generator set must guarantee the service continuity to supply safety and signaling system, emergency lighting and auxiliary equipment of electrical substations. A shunt reactor has been installed to compensate the reactive power produced by the long feeding cable and to respect the capability curve of the generator. The dynamic model of the generator set takes into account the speed governor and the automatic voltage regulator, in order to study the behaviour during the line cables energization transient. MATLAB/Simulink has been used to represent the electrical system. The results obtained by Simulink have been compared with the simulations performed by ATP software.
{"title":"Modeling of electrical systems powered by generator sets for long railway tunnels","authors":"R. Lamedica, F. Gatta, A. Ruvio, Francesco Olevano, G. G. Buffarini, Massimo Castellani","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241163","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes and analyzes the electrical system of a long tunnel placed along the “Naples-Bari” High-Speed railway line. In particular, a critical situation, due to a blackout event has been investigated. A generator set must guarantee the service continuity to supply safety and signaling system, emergency lighting and auxiliary equipment of electrical substations. A shunt reactor has been installed to compensate the reactive power produced by the long feeding cable and to respect the capability curve of the generator. The dynamic model of the generator set takes into account the speed governor and the automatic voltage regulator, in order to study the behaviour during the line cables energization transient. MATLAB/Simulink has been used to represent the electrical system. The results obtained by Simulink have been compared with the simulations performed by ATP software.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73764800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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