Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241195
R. Terruggia, F. Garrone
The evolution of ICT architectures towards IoT, Fog / Edge and Cloud paradigms represents an interesting opportunity for the electro-energy sector as it allows to improve and extend functions currently implemented for the monitoring and control of the electrical infrastructure. Securing these platforms represents an important challenge considering critical infrastructures. It is of paramount importance to study the cyber security aspects in terms of preventive and defensive security measures to be implemented. This paper proposes a secure and cost-effective platform based on openHAB and MQTT implementation for the monitoring and control of Electric Vehicle Recharge system. Moreover the paper evaluates the impact of the implementation of end-to-end security on this particular use case, taking into account the specific requirements, in order to demonstrate the possibility to implement cyber security measures without compromising the communication performance. The use of end-to-end secured communications and the deploy of a private cloud connected with single board computers allow to obtain an economic solution addressing cyber security aspects.
{"title":"Secure IoT and Cloud Based Infrastructure for the Monitoring of Power Consumption and Asset Control","authors":"R. Terruggia, F. Garrone","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241195","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of ICT architectures towards IoT, Fog / Edge and Cloud paradigms represents an interesting opportunity for the electro-energy sector as it allows to improve and extend functions currently implemented for the monitoring and control of the electrical infrastructure. Securing these platforms represents an important challenge considering critical infrastructures. It is of paramount importance to study the cyber security aspects in terms of preventive and defensive security measures to be implemented. This paper proposes a secure and cost-effective platform based on openHAB and MQTT implementation for the monitoring and control of Electric Vehicle Recharge system. Moreover the paper evaluates the impact of the implementation of end-to-end security on this particular use case, taking into account the specific requirements, in order to demonstrate the possibility to implement cyber security measures without compromising the communication performance. The use of end-to-end secured communications and the deploy of a private cloud connected with single board computers allow to obtain an economic solution addressing cyber security aspects.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241137
E. Ciapessoni, D. Cirio, G. Pirovano, A. Pitto, F. Falorni, A. Lazzarini, F. Marzullo
Extreme weather events are a major concern for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) because of their increasing frequency and disruptive effects on system infrastructure and load supply. Modelling the component vulnerabilities to natural threats is a fundamental pillar to face such events in a resilience perspective. In particular, advanced analytical models of component vulnerability to threats have an important advantage over statistical models: being less sensitive to classification errors, they may favour the development of approaches and tools to support operators’ choices in power system management. Among all natural threats, strong wind represents a very important cause of damages to HV and EHV lines, together with wet snow, in the Italian EHV grid. This paper proposes analytical models to simulate the vulnerability of overhead lines to the direct and indirect effects of strong wind, considering three major subcomponents of the line namely phase conductors, shield wires, and tower supports. Simulations performed on a set of HV and EHV lines from a portion of the Italian grid demonstrate the ability of the model to quantify the benefit of specific mitigation measures on the line vulnerability to strong wind.
{"title":"Modeling the OHL vulnerability to strong wind","authors":"E. Ciapessoni, D. Cirio, G. Pirovano, A. Pitto, F. Falorni, A. Lazzarini, F. Marzullo","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241137","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather events are a major concern for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) because of their increasing frequency and disruptive effects on system infrastructure and load supply. Modelling the component vulnerabilities to natural threats is a fundamental pillar to face such events in a resilience perspective. In particular, advanced analytical models of component vulnerability to threats have an important advantage over statistical models: being less sensitive to classification errors, they may favour the development of approaches and tools to support operators’ choices in power system management. Among all natural threats, strong wind represents a very important cause of damages to HV and EHV lines, together with wet snow, in the Italian EHV grid. This paper proposes analytical models to simulate the vulnerability of overhead lines to the direct and indirect effects of strong wind, considering three major subcomponents of the line namely phase conductors, shield wires, and tower supports. Simulations performed on a set of HV and EHV lines from a portion of the Italian grid demonstrate the ability of the model to quantify the benefit of specific mitigation measures on the line vulnerability to strong wind.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73075768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241202
R. Benato, Nunzia Crocamo, G. Giannuzzi, F. Sanniti, R. Zaottini
The aim of this paper is showing the potential and the use limits of a matrix-based linearized electromechanical dynamics by means of the extensive comparison with a commercial power system software. Since the schematic grid in the matrix-based linearized electromechanical dynamics is a simple graph with only branches, nodes and connected electric elements, and the commercial software grid maintains the complexity of a real electric network, an interface procedure is implemented in order to maintain the correct topological structure. Results from the real dynamics and the linearized one are compared each other and are discussed. The implemented algorithm seems to be an effective tool for both research and power education.
{"title":"Multimachine electromechanical response: comparison between DigSilent and Matlab-based linearised behaviour","authors":"R. Benato, Nunzia Crocamo, G. Giannuzzi, F. Sanniti, R. Zaottini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241202","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is showing the potential and the use limits of a matrix-based linearized electromechanical dynamics by means of the extensive comparison with a commercial power system software. Since the schematic grid in the matrix-based linearized electromechanical dynamics is a simple graph with only branches, nodes and connected electric elements, and the commercial software grid maintains the complexity of a real electric network, an interface procedure is implemented in order to maintain the correct topological structure. Results from the real dynamics and the linearized one are compared each other and are discussed. The implemented algorithm seems to be an effective tool for both research and power education.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80040591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241114
L. Braidotti, S. Bertagna, A. Marinò, D. Bosich, V. Bucci, G. Sulligoi
Nowadays specific ships are used to train students as sailors. As historical vessels are conveniently employed to this aim, the average age of these ships is usually high. In order to amortize operating and maintenance costs, the training ships’ ownership (except for naval ones) is shared among multiple entities and schools. Moreover, generally these vessels are used in coastal navigation. The consequent operational profile imposes the need to rearrange the ship internal spaces according to the shipowner who will use it. Considering all these reasons, a modular design approach can be adopted in the refitting process, while reverse engineering techniques and integrated design tools should be used for the reconstruction when the original technical documentation is not available. In this context, hybrid-electric propulsion systems can be proposed as effective to enable the Zero Emission Mode, thus reducing the vessel’s environmental impact during the training. By doing this, three goals are achieved to extend the ship operational life: ease of rearrangement of the internal spaces for different uses, reduction of operating/maintenance costs and eco-sustainability in coastal navigation. In this paper, after a description about modular design and hybrid electric technologies, the refitting project of the M/N “Umberto d’Ancona” is discussed. The latter is the training ship of “Tomaso di Savoia Duke of Genoa”, the nautical institute in Trieste, Italy.
如今，专门的船只被用来训练学生成为水手。由于历史悠久的船只被方便地用于这一目的，这些船只的平均年龄通常很高。为了分摊运营和维护成本，训练舰(除海军训练舰外)的所有权由多个实体和学校共同拥有。此外，这些船只一般用于沿海航行。由此产生的操作剖面要求根据将使用它的船东重新安排船舶内部空间。考虑到这些原因，在改装过程中可以采用模块化设计方法，而在没有原始技术文件的情况下，则应该使用逆向工程技术和集成设计工具进行改造。在这种情况下，混合动力推进系统可以有效地实现零排放模式，从而减少船舶在训练期间对环境的影响。通过这样做，可以实现三个目标来延长船舶的使用寿命:易于重新安排不同用途的内部空间，降低运营/维护成本以及沿海航行的生态可持续性。本文在介绍了模块化设计和混合动力技术的基础上，对“Umberto d’ancona”号航母的改装方案进行了讨论。后者是意大利的里雅斯特航海学院“Tomaso di Savoia Duke of Genoa”的训练舰。
{"title":"An Application of Modular Design in the Refitting of a Hybrid-electric Propelled Training Ship","authors":"L. Braidotti, S. Bertagna, A. Marinò, D. Bosich, V. Bucci, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241114","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays specific ships are used to train students as sailors. As historical vessels are conveniently employed to this aim, the average age of these ships is usually high. In order to amortize operating and maintenance costs, the training ships’ ownership (except for naval ones) is shared among multiple entities and schools. Moreover, generally these vessels are used in coastal navigation. The consequent operational profile imposes the need to rearrange the ship internal spaces according to the shipowner who will use it. Considering all these reasons, a modular design approach can be adopted in the refitting process, while reverse engineering techniques and integrated design tools should be used for the reconstruction when the original technical documentation is not available. In this context, hybrid-electric propulsion systems can be proposed as effective to enable the Zero Emission Mode, thus reducing the vessel’s environmental impact during the training. By doing this, three goals are achieved to extend the ship operational life: ease of rearrangement of the internal spaces for different uses, reduction of operating/maintenance costs and eco-sustainability in coastal navigation. In this paper, after a description about modular design and hybrid electric technologies, the refitting project of the M/N “Umberto d’Ancona” is discussed. The latter is the training ship of “Tomaso di Savoia Duke of Genoa”, the nautical institute in Trieste, Italy.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"553 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85744401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241136
Paolo Scarabaggio, M. L. Scala, Raffaele Carli, M. Dotoli
The COVID-19 crisis is profoundly influencing the global economic framework due to restrictive measures adopted by governments worldwide. Finding real-time data to correctly quantify this impact is very significant but not as straightforward. Nevertheless, an analysis of the power demand profiles provides insight into the overall economic trends. To accurately assess the change in energy consumption patterns, in this work we employ a multi-layer feed-forward neural network that calculates an estimation of the aggregated power demand in the north of Italy, (i.e, in one of the European areas that were most affected by the pandemics) in the absence of the COVID-19 emergency. After assessing the forecasting model reliability, we compare the estimation with the ground truth data to quantify the variation in power consumption. Moreover, we correlate this variation with the change in mobility behaviors during the lockdown period by employing the Google mobility report data. From this unexpected and unprecedented situation, we obtain some intuition regarding the power system macro-structure and its relation with the overall people’s mobility.
{"title":"Analyzing the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Demand: the Case of Northern Italy","authors":"Paolo Scarabaggio, M. L. Scala, Raffaele Carli, M. Dotoli","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241136","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 crisis is profoundly influencing the global economic framework due to restrictive measures adopted by governments worldwide. Finding real-time data to correctly quantify this impact is very significant but not as straightforward. Nevertheless, an analysis of the power demand profiles provides insight into the overall economic trends. To accurately assess the change in energy consumption patterns, in this work we employ a multi-layer feed-forward neural network that calculates an estimation of the aggregated power demand in the north of Italy, (i.e, in one of the European areas that were most affected by the pandemics) in the absence of the COVID-19 emergency. After assessing the forecasting model reliability, we compare the estimation with the ground truth data to quantify the variation in power consumption. Moreover, we correlate this variation with the change in mobility behaviors during the lockdown period by employing the Google mobility report data. From this unexpected and unprecedented situation, we obtain some intuition regarding the power system macro-structure and its relation with the overall people’s mobility.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82649803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241206
M. Zanoni, C. Chiappa, R. Chiumeo, L. Tenti, H. Shadmehr
In this paper, an ex-post analysis based on Higher-Order Statics (HOS) has been proposed for characterizing voltage dips (VDs) recorded in the Italian distribution network by the research monitoring system QuEEN, managed by RSE. HOS basically consists in a signal waveform compression: by considering the signal as a probability distribution function, it can be approximated with its statistical moments; in this work the second (variance), the third (skewness) and the fourth (kurtosis) order moments have been considered. This technique has been applied on a set of waveforms associated to events recorded by the QuEEN monitoring system. The associated VDs have been characterized in terms of residual voltage and duration; moreover, by considering the behavior of the kurtosis and skewness also the “true” and “false” VDs can be detected. In this way an efficient and effectiveness processing technique can be implemented for future developments of the QuEEN functionalities.
{"title":"Higher-Order Statistics for Voltage Dips Characterization on Italian MV Networks","authors":"M. Zanoni, C. Chiappa, R. Chiumeo, L. Tenti, H. Shadmehr","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241206","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an ex-post analysis based on Higher-Order Statics (HOS) has been proposed for characterizing voltage dips (VDs) recorded in the Italian distribution network by the research monitoring system QuEEN, managed by RSE. HOS basically consists in a signal waveform compression: by considering the signal as a probability distribution function, it can be approximated with its statistical moments; in this work the second (variance), the third (skewness) and the fourth (kurtosis) order moments have been considered. This technique has been applied on a set of waveforms associated to events recorded by the QuEEN monitoring system. The associated VDs have been characterized in terms of residual voltage and duration; moreover, by considering the behavior of the kurtosis and skewness also the “true” and “false” VDs can be detected. In this way an efficient and effectiveness processing technique can be implemented for future developments of the QuEEN functionalities.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"10 46 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80634384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241107
Alessandro Rizzello, S. Scavuzzo, A. Ferraris, A. Airale, M. Carello
This paper presents a fast and effective approach to evaluate the heat generation of a Li-ion battery system. The thermal characterization of Li-ion batteries is a relevant topic for the correct monitoring of the battery pack. In particular, a reduced-order model, that estimates the thermal dynamics of a Li-ion battery cell, is reported. The proposed approach relies on the definition of a boundary-value problem for heat conduction, in the form of a linear partial differential equation with the integration of Equivalent Circuit Model. The model is based on the double polarization Thévenin equivalent circuit model since it represents an optimal trade-off between accuracy and computation effort, which justifies its implementation in a Battery Management System (BMS) for automotive real-time monitoring and control. The resulting model predicts the temperature dynamics at the external surface in relation with the rate of the internal heat generation. In this paper, the model is applied to estimate the temperature of a cylindrical cell during a discharging transient and it uses electrical data acquired from experimental tests and is validated Computational fluid dynamics simulation. The results of the test are suitable for the future implementation of a proper algorithm for State of Charge SOC and State of Health SOH estimations.
{"title":"Dynamic Electro-Thermal Li-ion Battery Model for Control Algorithms","authors":"Alessandro Rizzello, S. Scavuzzo, A. Ferraris, A. Airale, M. Carello","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fast and effective approach to evaluate the heat generation of a Li-ion battery system. The thermal characterization of Li-ion batteries is a relevant topic for the correct monitoring of the battery pack. In particular, a reduced-order model, that estimates the thermal dynamics of a Li-ion battery cell, is reported. The proposed approach relies on the definition of a boundary-value problem for heat conduction, in the form of a linear partial differential equation with the integration of Equivalent Circuit Model. The model is based on the double polarization Thévenin equivalent circuit model since it represents an optimal trade-off between accuracy and computation effort, which justifies its implementation in a Battery Management System (BMS) for automotive real-time monitoring and control. The resulting model predicts the temperature dynamics at the external surface in relation with the rate of the internal heat generation. In this paper, the model is applied to estimate the temperature of a cylindrical cell during a discharging transient and it uses electrical data acquired from experimental tests and is validated Computational fluid dynamics simulation. The results of the test are suitable for the future implementation of a proper algorithm for State of Charge SOC and State of Health SOH estimations.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241200
L. Campisano, P. Ferretti, S. Neri, C. Quaciari, Marco Pierno, E. Carlini
One of the most critical situations that a TSO (Transmission System Operator) periodically faces is the management of emergency situations caused by critical events, most of the time adverse weather conditions, which impair the normal operation of the National Transmission Grid. Due to the significant series of line and substation outages which normally occur in a short time, the most important need consists in keeping the top management updated promptly and efficiently, about the ongoing situation. Furthermore, especially when weather conditions persist or get worse, the affected area is likely to spread; for this reason, it is crucial to follow the chronological evolution of the events. Terna, in order to meet the requirement for a new efficient way to manage this kind of situations, developed a dedicated tool which aims to speed up the data collection process, standardize the communication channel and improve the graphical representation of the information, creating a robust data flow between people working in real time and people that must be informed offline. This paper describes the tool’s main functionalities, its data architecture and the way it collaborates with external institutions.
{"title":"Tools and strategies for managing critical grid situations and extreme weather events","authors":"L. Campisano, P. Ferretti, S. Neri, C. Quaciari, Marco Pierno, E. Carlini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241200","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most critical situations that a TSO (Transmission System Operator) periodically faces is the management of emergency situations caused by critical events, most of the time adverse weather conditions, which impair the normal operation of the National Transmission Grid. Due to the significant series of line and substation outages which normally occur in a short time, the most important need consists in keeping the top management updated promptly and efficiently, about the ongoing situation. Furthermore, especially when weather conditions persist or get worse, the affected area is likely to spread; for this reason, it is crucial to follow the chronological evolution of the events. Terna, in order to meet the requirement for a new efficient way to manage this kind of situations, developed a dedicated tool which aims to speed up the data collection process, standardize the communication channel and improve the graphical representation of the information, creating a robust data flow between people working in real time and people that must be informed offline. This paper describes the tool’s main functionalities, its data architecture and the way it collaborates with external institutions.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90869551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241173
Alexander Wilkinson, L. Colla, S. Williams
Power generation from offshore wind grew vastly in the last 20 years, whilst remaining a relatively young industry without installed technology reaching the end of its design life before advancements are made. Most of the technology of MV (medium voltage) array cable accessories are based on the more experienced land power distribution industry, which faces very different operating conditions and yet are still bound by the same design and test standards. Recently the industry has seen failures related to some “T-connector” terminations on array cables operating offshore at 33 kV, over multiple wind farms and differing cable and termination suppliers. Root cause analysis has been performed by the Authors on one of these windfarms where the main cause of failure was identified as the screen earthing connection within the terminations. As no test methods exist in the relevant international standards, a new current endurance test has been developed to determine the suitability of the installed T-connector earthing methodology, as well as alternative designs. It was found during analysis of the test results that the installed earthing design, although having passed the required short circuit testing to the relevant standards, was not suitable for the design life of the larger cable cross sections used in the project. Two alternative designs, although improved were also not deemed suitable. Two newly designed connections, based on established technology utilising a soldered connection and a mechanical connection, have however, been approved for use.
{"title":"Current endurance testing of termination earth connections for offshore wind farm array cables","authors":"Alexander Wilkinson, L. Colla, S. Williams","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241173","url":null,"abstract":"Power generation from offshore wind grew vastly in the last 20 years, whilst remaining a relatively young industry without installed technology reaching the end of its design life before advancements are made. Most of the technology of MV (medium voltage) array cable accessories are based on the more experienced land power distribution industry, which faces very different operating conditions and yet are still bound by the same design and test standards. Recently the industry has seen failures related to some “T-connector” terminations on array cables operating offshore at 33 kV, over multiple wind farms and differing cable and termination suppliers. Root cause analysis has been performed by the Authors on one of these windfarms where the main cause of failure was identified as the screen earthing connection within the terminations. As no test methods exist in the relevant international standards, a new current endurance test has been developed to determine the suitability of the installed T-connector earthing methodology, as well as alternative designs. It was found during analysis of the test results that the installed earthing design, although having passed the required short circuit testing to the relevant standards, was not suitable for the design life of the larger cable cross sections used in the project. Two alternative designs, although improved were also not deemed suitable. Two newly designed connections, based on established technology utilising a soldered connection and a mechanical connection, have however, been approved for use.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76552856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241139
Fabio Cacciotto, A. Cannone
In this paper the potential of the GaN technology in the realization of high efficiency converters is dealt in detail, and different flyback topologies that exploit its characteristics are analyzed in terms of efficiency performance. Finally, pros and cons of each topology are discussed in detail.
{"title":"Exploit GaN FET technologies in high efficiency flyback topologies: pros and cons of different architectures","authors":"Fabio Cacciotto, A. Cannone","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241139","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the potential of the GaN technology in the realization of high efficiency converters is dealt in detail, and different flyback topologies that exploit its characteristics are analyzed in terms of efficiency performance. Finally, pros and cons of each topology are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73062440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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