Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241170
G. Cantone, F. Pulvirenti
In recent years there has been the appearance on the market of power transistors made with the new GaN E-HEMT technology (Gallium Nitride Enhancement mode High Electron Mobility Transistor), which allow obtaining low losses in the switching phase and therefore high efficiencies for the applications [1],[2]. The characteristics required by a gate driver for driving this new type of power transistors are not fully satisfied by current gate drivers on the market, for high voltage applications, between 100V and 600V. In this work three new gate driver solutions developed in STMicroelectronics will be exposed, specific for driving high voltage GaN transistors. The three devices will be analyzed both from technological and implementation point of view and will be compared to highlight the advantages and drawback of each one.
{"title":"Integrated solutions and related technologies for gate drivers of GaN transistors","authors":"G. Cantone, F. Pulvirenti","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241170","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been the appearance on the market of power transistors made with the new GaN E-HEMT technology (Gallium Nitride Enhancement mode High Electron Mobility Transistor), which allow obtaining low losses in the switching phase and therefore high efficiencies for the applications [1],[2]. The characteristics required by a gate driver for driving this new type of power transistors are not fully satisfied by current gate drivers on the market, for high voltage applications, between 100V and 600V. In this work three new gate driver solutions developed in STMicroelectronics will be exposed, specific for driving high voltage GaN transistors. The three devices will be analyzed both from technological and implementation point of view and will be compared to highlight the advantages and drawback of each one.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84686444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241116
Alfonso De Cesare, A. Marchesin, C. Quaciari, Manuela Verdile, Filippo Fiorente
In December 2015, Terna Rete Elettrica Nazionale S.p.A. (hereinafter Terna) acquired the high-voltage electricity infrastructures owned by the company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. consolidating its role as leader among European TSOs with approximately 72.600 km of network managed. The portion of network acquired (hereinafter RETE asset) is now owned by the company RETE S.r.l. of the Terna group. At the same time, the goal achieved opened the doors to a new challenge for Terna: assessing the methods of integration of the RETE assets with the National Transmission Grid (NTG) in order to increase the reliability and safety of the national electricity service. The aim is to identify the best development solutions by obtaining greater interoperability between the two assets: this will allow to optimize the use of the electrical corridors with the consequent minimization of the impact of the high-voltage electricity infrastructures on the Italian territory. The purpose of this article is to identify the optimal integration method with the NTG of the 66 kV RETE asset of southern Italy through observations and results obtained from the various case studies.
2015年12月，Terna Rete electritica Nazionale S.p.A(以下简称Terna)收购了Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A公司拥有的高压电力基础设施，巩固了其作为欧洲tso领导者的地位，管理着约72,600公里的网络。收购的部分网络(以下简称RETE资产)现归Terna集团的RETE S.r.l.公司所有。与此同时，这一目标的实现为Terna打开了一扇新的挑战之门:评估将RETE资产与国家输电网(NTG)整合的方法，以提高国家电力服务的可靠性和安全性。目的是通过在两个资产之间获得更大的互操作性来确定最佳的开发解决方案:这将允许优化电力走廊的使用，从而最大限度地减少高压电力基础设施对意大利领土的影响。本文的目的是通过观察和从各种案例研究中获得的结果，确定意大利南部66 kV RETE资产与NTG的最佳整合方法。
{"title":"Integration of railway network into the National Transmission Grid: use case on 66 kV Battipaglia – Gallico backbone","authors":"Alfonso De Cesare, A. Marchesin, C. Quaciari, Manuela Verdile, Filippo Fiorente","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241116","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2015, Terna Rete Elettrica Nazionale S.p.A. (hereinafter Terna) acquired the high-voltage electricity infrastructures owned by the company Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. consolidating its role as leader among European TSOs with approximately 72.600 km of network managed. The portion of network acquired (hereinafter RETE asset) is now owned by the company RETE S.r.l. of the Terna group. At the same time, the goal achieved opened the doors to a new challenge for Terna: assessing the methods of integration of the RETE assets with the National Transmission Grid (NTG) in order to increase the reliability and safety of the national electricity service. The aim is to identify the best development solutions by obtaining greater interoperability between the two assets: this will allow to optimize the use of the electrical corridors with the consequent minimization of the impact of the high-voltage electricity infrastructures on the Italian territory. The purpose of this article is to identify the optimal integration method with the NTG of the 66 kV RETE asset of southern Italy through observations and results obtained from the various case studies.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84362781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241118
Luca Marchisio, Chiara Alvaro, Simone Cerchiara, M. Sisinni, A. Siviero
The transition to a fully decarbonized energy system by 2050 passes through the exponential diffusion of variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) coupled with direct and indirect electrification of energy consumption. This transformation poses new challenges to the electricity system, which will require flexibility to maximize vRES integration and meet adequacy and quality requirements. In this context, storage systems will play a key role in providing this flexibility. This paper investigates the role of storage technologies for the provision of daily and annual flexibility services, establishing the most suitable technological option among electrochemical storage systems and Power-to-Gas solutions for each service.
{"title":"The role of Power-to-Gas and electrochemical storage systems in a climate-neutral energy system","authors":"Luca Marchisio, Chiara Alvaro, Simone Cerchiara, M. Sisinni, A. Siviero","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241118","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to a fully decarbonized energy system by 2050 passes through the exponential diffusion of variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) coupled with direct and indirect electrification of energy consumption. This transformation poses new challenges to the electricity system, which will require flexibility to maximize vRES integration and meet adequacy and quality requirements. In this context, storage systems will play a key role in providing this flexibility. This paper investigates the role of storage technologies for the provision of daily and annual flexibility services, establishing the most suitable technological option among electrochemical storage systems and Power-to-Gas solutions for each service.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241097
F. Levati
This document shows the experimental results of a head-to-head Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) versus Silicon Superjunction SJ MOSFET comparison used in ac-dc high power factor converters. Three variable-frequency converters have been considered: Transition Mode Power Factor Corrector boost, Quasi resonant High-Power Factor flyback, Quasi resonant high-power factor buck-boost. To fully assess the benefits of GaN HEMT, a controller with no frequency limitation function has been used.
{"title":"Testing GaN HEMT Performance in High Power Factor Solutions","authors":"F. Levati","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241097","url":null,"abstract":"This document shows the experimental results of a head-to-head Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) versus Silicon Superjunction SJ MOSFET comparison used in ac-dc high power factor converters. Three variable-frequency converters have been considered: Transition Mode Power Factor Corrector boost, Quasi resonant High-Power Factor flyback, Quasi resonant high-power factor buck-boost. To fully assess the benefits of GaN HEMT, a controller with no frequency limitation function has been used.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82255106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241162
G. Piccioni, A. M. Nicolosi, M. Formenton, E. Musicò, Gloria Re, Andrea Mazzuoli, Martina Morgani, Elena Calcagni, Claudio Baldini
In the frame of the EU Horizon 2020 SECLIFIRM project, Enel exploits the SEAsonal forecast System 5 (SEAS5) of the European Center for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to assess their added value on the company’s decision-making process. The assessment is performed on five case studies that were selected over Enel’s international domain. The work illustrated in this article shows the state of the art of three case studies focused on extreme events occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2016, that led to problematic and quantifiable impacts for the energy industry. The probabilistic information of spatially aggregated SEAS5 forecasts are combined with the ECMWF ReAnalysis 5 (ERA5) weather model to derive an ad-hoc dataset for variables of 2-m temperature, total precipitation, and 10-m wind speed. Forecasts are then integrated to Enel’s models, and their impact on the best hedging strategy is later evaluated through a performance indicator that compares solutions obtained with climatology, seasonal forecasts and actual weather data. As a first step, the quality of seasonal forecasts is assessed through an error analysis. Preliminary results on SEAS5 show that temperature values tend to fit ERA5 climatology. Improvements with respect to ERA5 climatology are observed for wind and total precipitation variables. As expected, a progressive enhancement of SEAS5 performance is obtained at shorter lead times. Further steps in the project will be dedicated to the application of seasonal forecasts to renewable electricity production and power demand models, and the relative impact assessment on Enel’s decision-making process.
{"title":"A new approach to exploit seasonal forecasts in Enel’s decision-making process","authors":"G. Piccioni, A. M. Nicolosi, M. Formenton, E. Musicò, Gloria Re, Andrea Mazzuoli, Martina Morgani, Elena Calcagni, Claudio Baldini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241162","url":null,"abstract":"In the frame of the EU Horizon 2020 SECLIFIRM project, Enel exploits the SEAsonal forecast System 5 (SEAS5) of the European Center for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to assess their added value on the company’s decision-making process. The assessment is performed on five case studies that were selected over Enel’s international domain. The work illustrated in this article shows the state of the art of three case studies focused on extreme events occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2016, that led to problematic and quantifiable impacts for the energy industry. The probabilistic information of spatially aggregated SEAS5 forecasts are combined with the ECMWF ReAnalysis 5 (ERA5) weather model to derive an ad-hoc dataset for variables of 2-m temperature, total precipitation, and 10-m wind speed. Forecasts are then integrated to Enel’s models, and their impact on the best hedging strategy is later evaluated through a performance indicator that compares solutions obtained with climatology, seasonal forecasts and actual weather data. As a first step, the quality of seasonal forecasts is assessed through an error analysis. Preliminary results on SEAS5 show that temperature values tend to fit ERA5 climatology. Improvements with respect to ERA5 climatology are observed for wind and total precipitation variables. As expected, a progressive enhancement of SEAS5 performance is obtained at shorter lead times. Further steps in the project will be dedicated to the application of seasonal forecasts to renewable electricity production and power demand models, and the relative impact assessment on Enel’s decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"107 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81375401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241141
P. Franzese, D. Iannuzzi, F. Mottola, D. Proto, M. Pagano
Worldwide expectancy of larger fleets of PEVs requires an increasing number of available fast and ultra-fast charging stations. In order to reduce the impact on the distribution grid of the power demand of large fleets of PEVs, the coordination of charging in stations equipped with multiple charging slots is mandatory. The paper suggests a smart charging profile of electrical vehicles based on an optimization problem in order to minimize the charging time. Constraints in term of limits on the power supplied by DSO, the available state of charge (SOC) of the BESS and the energy requested by the PEVs are taken into account. Some simulations are presented to validate the suggested charging strategy.
{"title":"Charging Strategies for Ultra-Fast Stations with Multiple Plug-in Electric Vehicle Parking Slots","authors":"P. Franzese, D. Iannuzzi, F. Mottola, D. Proto, M. Pagano","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241141","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide expectancy of larger fleets of PEVs requires an increasing number of available fast and ultra-fast charging stations. In order to reduce the impact on the distribution grid of the power demand of large fleets of PEVs, the coordination of charging in stations equipped with multiple charging slots is mandatory. The paper suggests a smart charging profile of electrical vehicles based on an optimization problem in order to minimize the charging time. Constraints in term of limits on the power supplied by DSO, the available state of charge (SOC) of the BESS and the energy requested by the PEVs are taken into account. Some simulations are presented to validate the suggested charging strategy.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83347621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241203
F. Bassi, L. Caciolli, E. Carlini, G. Giannuzzi, G. Ramundo, Luciano Vignolini
EHV transmission grids require more and more a fast and selective fault clearing in order to guarantee the requested levels of security and stability. In last years, technology has made available new line devices with embedded differential and distance protection functionalities (87L/21). These multifunction devices include also some other enhanced features. Moreover, the increased availability of suitable telecommunication vectors (fiber optic, SDH networks, MPLS networks, etc.) has enabled their diffusion and use. In the first part of the paper, the main advantages of line differential protection use for selective clearing of different fault types are described and its performances are compared with distance protection ones. In the second part Terna’s approach and experience on line differential protection installation and future spread plans are reported. There are also described telecommunication approaches already in use (Fiber Optic, SDH networks) and the current tests on advanced MPLS networks usage. In the final part some future perspectives on Sampled Value IEDs and traveling wave-based protection schemes are briefly introduced.
{"title":"Modern applications of line differential protections to improve EHV transmission grids security: the Italian experience","authors":"F. Bassi, L. Caciolli, E. Carlini, G. Giannuzzi, G. Ramundo, Luciano Vignolini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241203","url":null,"abstract":"EHV transmission grids require more and more a fast and selective fault clearing in order to guarantee the requested levels of security and stability. In last years, technology has made available new line devices with embedded differential and distance protection functionalities (87L/21). These multifunction devices include also some other enhanced features. Moreover, the increased availability of suitable telecommunication vectors (fiber optic, SDH networks, MPLS networks, etc.) has enabled their diffusion and use. In the first part of the paper, the main advantages of line differential protection use for selective clearing of different fault types are described and its performances are compared with distance protection ones. In the second part Terna’s approach and experience on line differential protection installation and future spread plans are reported. There are also described telecommunication approaches already in use (Fiber Optic, SDH networks) and the current tests on advanced MPLS networks usage. In the final part some future perspectives on Sampled Value IEDs and traveling wave-based protection schemes are briefly introduced.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241164
D. Menniti, N. Sorrentino, A. Pinnarelli, L. Mendicino, G. Brusco, P. Vizza, G. Graditi
Residential end-users, installing a nanogrid, become flexible since they are able to change their power profiles with respect to a programmed baseline reacting to external signals, in general economic ones. The aggregation of nanogrids in a community, connected via public distribution network, allows to generate added value both to the members of the community and to the electrical system. Following this paradigm in fact, flexibility may be exploited in two forms: flexibility within the aggregation (or energy flexibility) in which each member of the aggregation responds to obtain a reduction in its energy supply costs and an external flexibility, in which it offers ancillary services to network operators receiving an appropriate payback. In the paper, the proposed management model of nanogrid community able to exploit internal and external flexibility of the aggregation is presented. The management model developed in the ComESto project is presented to take into account simultaneously the two different objectives of the flexibility and also taking into account the benefits of the entire energy community.
{"title":"Management model of Nanogrid based Community Energy Storage","authors":"D. Menniti, N. Sorrentino, A. Pinnarelli, L. Mendicino, G. Brusco, P. Vizza, G. Graditi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241164","url":null,"abstract":"Residential end-users, installing a nanogrid, become flexible since they are able to change their power profiles with respect to a programmed baseline reacting to external signals, in general economic ones. The aggregation of nanogrids in a community, connected via public distribution network, allows to generate added value both to the members of the community and to the electrical system. Following this paradigm in fact, flexibility may be exploited in two forms: flexibility within the aggregation (or energy flexibility) in which each member of the aggregation responds to obtain a reduction in its energy supply costs and an external flexibility, in which it offers ancillary services to network operators receiving an appropriate payback. In the paper, the proposed management model of nanogrid community able to exploit internal and external flexibility of the aggregation is presented. The management model developed in the ComESto project is presented to take into account simultaneously the two different objectives of the flexibility and also taking into account the benefits of the entire energy community.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85776088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241191
F. Carere, T. Bragatto, F. Santori
During an extraordinary event, like the COVID19 pandemic, very rapid changes in consumption profiles and customers behaviors were recorded. This paper investigates the impact of the lockdown on load and production in the distribution system of Terni. From a DSO point of view, no relevant issues were encountered to be faced. The distributed power generation from renewable resources did not affect relevant issues, maintaining the typical annual generation profiles. A domestic consumption increase was replaced by more relevant decrease of industrial processes and commercial activities absorptions. More than 25,000 domestic users increased their consumptions in April 2020 and the overall consumption of domestic customers in March was 1,05 times higher than the 2015 respectively consumption. The power flows at primary substations reveal a relevant electric demand reduction for each point of connection with the high voltage transmission system; especially bar 1 and 2 of the most relevant Terni primary substation, recorded a 15.3% decrease with respect to March 2019, and a 24.25% decrease with respect to April 2019.
{"title":"A Distribution Network during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"F. Carere, T. Bragatto, F. Santori","doi":"10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241191","url":null,"abstract":"During an extraordinary event, like the COVID19 pandemic, very rapid changes in consumption profiles and customers behaviors were recorded. This paper investigates the impact of the lockdown on load and production in the distribution system of Terni. From a DSO point of view, no relevant issues were encountered to be faced. The distributed power generation from renewable resources did not affect relevant issues, maintaining the typical annual generation profiles. A domestic consumption increase was replaced by more relevant decrease of industrial processes and commercial activities absorptions. More than 25,000 domestic users increased their consumptions in April 2020 and the overall consumption of domestic customers in March was 1,05 times higher than the 2015 respectively consumption. The power flows at primary substations reveal a relevant electric demand reduction for each point of connection with the high voltage transmission system; especially bar 1 and 2 of the most relevant Terni primary substation, recorded a 15.3% decrease with respect to March 2019, and a 24.25% decrease with respect to April 2019.","PeriodicalId":6689,"journal":{"name":"2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83462029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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