Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956858
M. Venkatesha, Sourabh V Bhat, S. Prakash, B. Rajan, K. Narayan
In this work, the modal analysis and power coupling analysis of gap plasmon waveguides for use in optical sensing applications is presented. The structure consists of Silver (Ag) metallic waveguides separated by a very small gap distance in the range of less than 100nm on glass substrate. The power coupling analysis is carried out at 1550nm for variations in numerical aperture (NA) of optical source. The modes are coupled to the air gap and results in 4.8% to 12.17% of optical power coupling by using high numerical aperture optical beam.
{"title":"Power Coupling and Modal Analysis of SPR based Gap Waveguides for Optical Sensing Applications","authors":"M. Venkatesha, Sourabh V Bhat, S. Prakash, B. Rajan, K. Narayan","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956858","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the modal analysis and power coupling analysis of gap plasmon waveguides for use in optical sensing applications is presented. The structure consists of Silver (Ag) metallic waveguides separated by a very small gap distance in the range of less than 100nm on glass substrate. The power coupling analysis is carried out at 1550nm for variations in numerical aperture (NA) of optical source. The modes are coupled to the air gap and results in 4.8% to 12.17% of optical power coupling by using high numerical aperture optical beam.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956890
A. Walker, O. Pitts, C. Storey, P. Waldron, C. Flueraru
Photodetectors and photovoltaic devices composed of direct bandgap semiconductor materials absorb visible to infrared wavelengths within a few micrometers of material. Minority carrier diffusion lengths in such materials are critical in designing these optoelectronic devices for particular applications. Minority holes in InGaAs on InP are reported between 0-100°C for doping concentrations ranging between non-intentionally doped (NID) to 5E16 cm-3. At room temperature, values range between 81±8 μm for the NID sample to 34±1 μm for 5E16 cm-3. These values appear constant over the temperature range explored, implying that lifetime and mobility balance out.
{"title":"Doping and temperature dependence of minority carrier diffusion lengths in InGaAs/InP photodiodes","authors":"A. Walker, O. Pitts, C. Storey, P. Waldron, C. Flueraru","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956890","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors and photovoltaic devices composed of direct bandgap semiconductor materials absorb visible to infrared wavelengths within a few micrometers of material. Minority carrier diffusion lengths in such materials are critical in designing these optoelectronic devices for particular applications. Minority holes in InGaAs on InP are reported between 0-100°C for doping concentrations ranging between non-intentionally doped (NID) to 5E16 cm-3. At room temperature, values range between 81±8 μm for the NID sample to 34±1 μm for 5E16 cm-3. These values appear constant over the temperature range explored, implying that lifetime and mobility balance out.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88555081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956681
S. Sawant, Indranil Mukherjee, S. Tallur, Animesh Kumar
Estimation of signal’s spatial variation using sensors typically requires knowledge of the locations at which measurements are available for accurate interpolation and reconstruction of the signal being measured. The overhead of a GPS module or other tags for location awareness has become the norm, and systems thus designed must have adequate cost and power budget to service the GPS modules and cannot be installed in GPS blind spots. In this paper, we present an application of a novel estimation technique for reconstruction of bandlimited signals that requires no knowledge of the locations at which the measurements are recorded. The paper provides a brief introduction to the technique and estimation of a synthetic spatial temperature field and a non-bandlimited Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) signal for a 4G cellular network.
{"title":"Feasibility assessment of location-unaware sensing for estimation of non-bandlimited measurements","authors":"S. Sawant, Indranil Mukherjee, S. Tallur, Animesh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956681","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of signal’s spatial variation using sensors typically requires knowledge of the locations at which measurements are available for accurate interpolation and reconstruction of the signal being measured. The overhead of a GPS module or other tags for location awareness has become the norm, and systems thus designed must have adequate cost and power budget to service the GPS modules and cannot be installed in GPS blind spots. In this paper, we present an application of a novel estimation technique for reconstruction of bandlimited signals that requires no knowledge of the locations at which the measurements are recorded. The paper provides a brief introduction to the technique and estimation of a synthetic spatial temperature field and a non-bandlimited Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) signal for a 4G cellular network.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88769265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956513
V. Grim, J. Pek, P. Ripka, A. Chirtsov
We propose a measurement method, which allows to localize and measure unknown current using a 3-axial magnetometer. By taking measurements at multiple points in space and applying a data processing algorithm, accuracy of 3 % was achieved in an outdoor test scenario for current of 20 A and 2 m to 5 m distance.
{"title":"Magnetometric Localization and Measurement of Hidden AC Currents","authors":"V. Grim, J. Pek, P. Ripka, A. Chirtsov","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956513","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a measurement method, which allows to localize and measure unknown current using a 3-axial magnetometer. By taking measurements at multiple points in space and applying a data processing algorithm, accuracy of 3 % was achieved in an outdoor test scenario for current of 20 A and 2 m to 5 m distance.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89372886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inductor-capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors have been widely used for continuous real-time detection in harsh or sealed environments where physical access is difficult. For implanted medical devices or sealed package applications, however, geometrical constraints such as small and non-invasive coils reduce the inductive coupling, turning the remote distance into a fundamental challenge. Here, we propose a new simple RLC passive readout circuit without the negative resistor which provides significant improvement of detection distance. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the whole telemetry system breaking the Hermiticity while obeying the parity-time (PT)-symmetry and detect the signal in the broken PT- symmetric phase to avoid frequency splitting. Experimental results display that the readout distance of PT-symmetric system can be 4 times as long as conventional one, with parameters set in this paper.
{"title":"Ultra-remote LC Sensor Based on The Broken PT-Symmetry","authors":"Bin-Bin Zhou, Wen-Jun Deng, Lifeng Wang, Qing‐An Huang","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956760","url":null,"abstract":"Inductor-capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors have been widely used for continuous real-time detection in harsh or sealed environments where physical access is difficult. For implanted medical devices or sealed package applications, however, geometrical constraints such as small and non-invasive coils reduce the inductive coupling, turning the remote distance into a fundamental challenge. Here, we propose a new simple RLC passive readout circuit without the negative resistor which provides significant improvement of detection distance. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the whole telemetry system breaking the Hermiticity while obeying the parity-time (PT)-symmetry and detect the signal in the broken PT- symmetric phase to avoid frequency splitting. Experimental results display that the readout distance of PT-symmetric system can be 4 times as long as conventional one, with parameters set in this paper.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956728
Xiangyu Zhao, Yutao Qin, Y. Gianchandani
Chromatograms generated by micro-scale gas chromatographs are complex sensor signals comprised of multiple chemical retention peaks superimposed upon a non-monotonic baseline. Depending on the chemical properties, the peaks may have Gaussian shapes with different widths, heights, skew, and overlap, all of which pose challenges to automated recognition and quantification of chemicals. This paper presents an automatic algorithm based on continuous wavelet transforms for peak integration and baseline correction of chromatograms generated by micro-scale gas chromatographs. This algorithm identifies peaks using a dynamic filter based on the inherent and known relationship between the peak widths and peak locations. The width of each peak is determined from continuous wavelet transform coefficients by locating the pair of local minima that straddle the apex. This approach provides peak detection and width estimation with low false positive rates, even for skewed peaks with tailing or fronting and for non-monotonic baselines.
{"title":"Automatic Peak Integration and Baseline Correction for Micro-scale Gas Chromatographs Using Continuous Wavelet Transform","authors":"Xiangyu Zhao, Yutao Qin, Y. Gianchandani","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956728","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatograms generated by micro-scale gas chromatographs are complex sensor signals comprised of multiple chemical retention peaks superimposed upon a non-monotonic baseline. Depending on the chemical properties, the peaks may have Gaussian shapes with different widths, heights, skew, and overlap, all of which pose challenges to automated recognition and quantification of chemicals. This paper presents an automatic algorithm based on continuous wavelet transforms for peak integration and baseline correction of chromatograms generated by micro-scale gas chromatographs. This algorithm identifies peaks using a dynamic filter based on the inherent and known relationship between the peak widths and peak locations. The width of each peak is determined from continuous wavelet transform coefficients by locating the pair of local minima that straddle the apex. This approach provides peak detection and width estimation with low false positive rates, even for skewed peaks with tailing or fronting and for non-monotonic baselines.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77320499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956709
S. Afshar, A. Fazelkhah, E. Salimi, M. Butler, D. Thomson, G. Bridges
The dielectric properties of biological cells can be used to gain information on their physiology and morphology. We present a wideband dielectrophoresis (DEP) sensor that measures the dielectric spectrum of single cells while they flow through a microfluidic channel. We describe how an asymmetric co-planar electrode array can be used to apply DEP actuation to individual cells and then accurately measure their translation. This enables determination of the equivalent complex dielectric permittivity of the cell. Measurement over the beta-dispersion (interfacial) frequency range then facilitates determination of the cell's structural dimensions and the dielectric properties of its compartments. We measure the dielectric spectrums of viable and non-viable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, as induced through starvation, and show how they are related to changes in the cell’s membrane permittivity and cytoplasm conductivity.
{"title":"In-Flow Dielectrophoresis Sensor for Measuring the Dielectric Spectrum of Single Cells: Viable and Non-viable Cells","authors":"S. Afshar, A. Fazelkhah, E. Salimi, M. Butler, D. Thomson, G. Bridges","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956709","url":null,"abstract":"The dielectric properties of biological cells can be used to gain information on their physiology and morphology. We present a wideband dielectrophoresis (DEP) sensor that measures the dielectric spectrum of single cells while they flow through a microfluidic channel. We describe how an asymmetric co-planar electrode array can be used to apply DEP actuation to individual cells and then accurately measure their translation. This enables determination of the equivalent complex dielectric permittivity of the cell. Measurement over the beta-dispersion (interfacial) frequency range then facilitates determination of the cell's structural dimensions and the dielectric properties of its compartments. We measure the dielectric spectrums of viable and non-viable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, as induced through starvation, and show how they are related to changes in the cell’s membrane permittivity and cytoplasm conductivity.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86597938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956946
A. Kramer, M. Lenner, Deran Maas, T. Smeeton, K. Welna, Edward Boardman, V. Berryman-Bousquet
Ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 240 nm is of great interest for spectroscopic gas analytics. Particularly, for industrial applications, optical gas analyzers based on this spectral range are promising for combustion gas and natural gas analytics but require availability of suitable robust, compact and low-cost light sources. We have demonstrated a gas analyzer using a compact solid-state laser module which emits wavelengths near 219 nm and which offers significant advantages compared with conventional light sources. The key characteristics of the laser module are outlined in the paper and the integration of the laser into a gas analyzer prototype is described. In a simple absorption setup, using the example of hydrogen sulfide as analyte, we demonstrate a detection limit of 0.02 ppm•m (3 σ, 50 s average, 1 Hz sampling rate). The properties of the laser having a small footprint, low supply voltage, and low power consumption are key advantages for the integration into future robust, low-cost, industrial products.
{"title":"Industrial gas analytics using a compact ultraviolet laser","authors":"A. Kramer, M. Lenner, Deran Maas, T. Smeeton, K. Welna, Edward Boardman, V. Berryman-Bousquet","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956946","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 240 nm is of great interest for spectroscopic gas analytics. Particularly, for industrial applications, optical gas analyzers based on this spectral range are promising for combustion gas and natural gas analytics but require availability of suitable robust, compact and low-cost light sources. We have demonstrated a gas analyzer using a compact solid-state laser module which emits wavelengths near 219 nm and which offers significant advantages compared with conventional light sources. The key characteristics of the laser module are outlined in the paper and the integration of the laser into a gas analyzer prototype is described. In a simple absorption setup, using the example of hydrogen sulfide as analyte, we demonstrate a detection limit of 0.02 ppm•m (3 σ, 50 s average, 1 Hz sampling rate). The properties of the laser having a small footprint, low supply voltage, and low power consumption are key advantages for the integration into future robust, low-cost, industrial products.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956528
A. A. Shboul, Andy Shih, M. Oukachmih, R. Izquierdo
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) sensors were prepared from mixtures of indium oxide (In2O3), graphite flakes (Gt) and polystyrene (PS). These sensors were found to be highly sensitive to as low as 100 ppb of H2S gas at room temperature and showed high resistance to humidity changes up to relative humidity (RH~93%). The sensor’s performance when exposed to air and H2S gas reveals the sensing mechanism of In2O3 films to H2S at room temperature depends mainly on the partial sulfuration of In2O3 by H2S gas.
{"title":"ppb Sensing Level Hydrogen Sulphide at Room Temperature Using Indium Oxide Gas Sensors","authors":"A. A. Shboul, Andy Shih, M. Oukachmih, R. Izquierdo","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956528","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulphide (H<inf>2</inf>S) sensors were prepared from mixtures of indium oxide (In<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>), graphite flakes (Gt) and polystyrene (PS). These sensors were found to be highly sensitive to as low as 100 ppb of H2S gas at room temperature and showed high resistance to humidity changes up to relative humidity (RH~93%). The sensor’s performance when exposed to air and H<inf>2</inf>S gas reveals the sensing mechanism of In<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> films to H<inf>2</inf>S at room temperature depends mainly on the partial sulfuration of In<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> by H<inf>2</inf>S gas.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90731037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inductor-capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors have been widely used in a variety of applications, ranging from medical diagnosis to industrial and environmental monitoring. In some certain circumstance, the sensors are required to be scaled down to small dimensions, which results in the limited readout distance. Here, a resonant reader is proposed to enhance signal strength and quality factor. The resonant frequency of the reader is changed by controlling varactor. An LC humidity sensor, as an example, is detected both with and without the proposed reader. Experimental results display that the signal strength get greatly enhanced and reflection coefficient S11 is enhanced to -43dB compared with the conventional -0.33 dB, at the same detection distance 1.2cm. Our results may have an impact on wireless sensing, particularly benefiting the emerging micro-machined sensors, and so on.
{"title":"Enhancing LC Sensor Telemetry via Magnetic Resonance Coupling","authors":"Bin-Bin Zhou, Man-Na Zhang, Ming-Zhu Xie, Lifeng Wang, Qing‐An Huang","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS43011.2019.8956818","url":null,"abstract":"Inductor-capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors have been widely used in a variety of applications, ranging from medical diagnosis to industrial and environmental monitoring. In some certain circumstance, the sensors are required to be scaled down to small dimensions, which results in the limited readout distance. Here, a resonant reader is proposed to enhance signal strength and quality factor. The resonant frequency of the reader is changed by controlling varactor. An LC humidity sensor, as an example, is detected both with and without the proposed reader. Experimental results display that the signal strength get greatly enhanced and reflection coefficient S11 is enhanced to -43dB compared with the conventional -0.33 dB, at the same detection distance 1.2cm. Our results may have an impact on wireless sensing, particularly benefiting the emerging micro-machined sensors, and so on.","PeriodicalId":6710,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE SENSORS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90795922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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