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Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Reactive Black 8 Adsorption onto Crosslinked Chitosan Beads 交联壳聚糖微球吸附活性黑8的平衡及动力学研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.001
Sahra Dandil, Deniz Akin Sahbaz, C. Acıkgoz
Environmental pollution problems by the discharge of effluent containing various contaminations from textile, paper and paint industries have become a serious issue in recent years. Dye removal from wastewater has received considerable attention for several adsorbents and several classes of dye. Reactive black 8 is an environmentally hazardous dye and most applicable in textile industries. Chitosan is a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible and acts as an efficient adsorbent because of the amino functional groups. In the present work, the crosslinked chitosan beads were synthesized by using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and the adsorptive removal of reactive black 8 by the beads from an aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of contact time and initial dye concentration was evaluated. The adsorbent dosage was retained as 1 g/L and initial dye concentration values were varied from 30 to 150 mg/L. Equilibrium isotherms were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubnin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm. Freundlich isotherm model was found fit effectively for the reactive black 8 adsorptions. Kinetic adsorption data were evaluated using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics. Overall, this study indicates chitosan beads as an efficient, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of reactive black 8 dye from aqueous solutions.
近年来,纺织、造纸和油漆行业排放的含有各种污染物的废水造成的环境污染问题已成为一个严重的问题。由于几种吸附剂和几种染料,从废水中去除染料受到了相当大的关注。活性黑8是一种对环境有害的染料,最适用于纺织工业。壳聚糖是一种无毒、可生物降解和生物相容性强的吸附剂,具有氨基官能团。本工作以戊二醛为交联剂合成了交联壳聚糖微珠,并研究了微珠对水溶液中活性黑8的吸附去除作用。评价了接触时间和初始染料浓度的影响。吸附剂剂量保持为1g/L,初始染料浓度值在30至150mg/L之间变化。用Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubnin–Radushkevich和Temkin等温线分析了平衡等温线。Freundlich等温线模型适用于活性黑8的吸附。动力学吸附数据使用伪一阶动力学模型、伪二阶动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型进行评估。吸附遵循准二阶动力学。总之,本研究表明壳聚糖珠是一种高效、环保、低成本的吸附剂,可用于从水溶液中去除活性黑8染料。
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引用次数: 0
Computational Design of Azo-anthraquinone Schiff Base Mn Complexes as Mediators for Biofuel Cell Cathode 偶氮蒽醌席夫碱锰配合物作为生物燃料电池阴极介体的计算设计
Pub Date : 2019-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.003
Kazuto Kajiwara, Shinsuke Yamane, T. Haraguchi, S. Pradhan, C. Sinha, R. Parida, S. Giri, Gourisankar Roymahaptra, Dohyun Moon, T. Akitsu
The cathode of biofuel cell reduces molecular oxygen to water using four electrons, an enzyme of multicopper oxidase family, laccase, is contained, though its electron transfer efficiency from the electrode resulted in rate determining process. To improve this electron, transfer via mediators, we have investigated several mediator metal complexes between the electrode and laccase, in particular hydrophobic pocket on the surface. We have discussed DFT computational results and selected experimental data of new Mn(III/II) Schiff base complexes having redox active (anthraquinone) ligands and photochromic (azobenzene) ligands about azobenzene moiety at the sole molecular level. Moreover, we carried out computational docking simulation of laccase and complexes considering trans-cis photoisomerization (electronic states) and Weigert effect (molecular orientation to fit better) of azobenzene moiety. Additionally, actual experimental data also presented to indicate the expected merits for mediators.
生物燃料电池的阴极利用4个电子将分子氧还原为水,其中含有一种多铜氧化酶家族的酶漆酶,但其从电极的电子转移效率导致了速率决定过程。为了改善这种电子通过介质的转移,我们研究了电极和漆酶之间的几种介质金属配合物,特别是表面的疏水性口袋。本文讨论了具有氧化还原活性(蒽醌)配体和光致变色(偶氮苯)配体的新型Mn(III/II)希夫碱配合物在单分子水平上关于偶氮苯部分的DFT计算结果和选择的实验数据。此外,我们考虑偶氮苯部分的顺式光异构(电子态)和Weigert效应(更适合的分子取向),对漆酶和配合物进行了计算对接模拟。此外,实际的实验数据也提出了预期的优点,中介。
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引用次数: 7
The Chemical Model of Consciousness 意识的化学模型
Pub Date : 2019-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.005
A. Yerkin, Yemelyanova Valentina, Bulenbaev Maxat
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引用次数: 0
Variable Optimization in Methylmethacrylate Polymerization by Using Design Expert as a Tool for Implementing ICTs in the Polymeric Systems Learning Process 基于设计专家的甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合过程变量优化研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.002
A. O. Valdivia, C. M. Osorio, Y. V. Rodríguez, Lucila Giammatteo
Polymers constitute a series of materials that are essential for many processes such as: food transport, packaging and distribution, construction, etc. Hence, it is important to understand the variables that this process depends on. Experimental design is a powerful tool that enables the identification of variables that significantly influence a process through a matrix of experiments that a software constructs. With the aim of implementing ICTs in the learning—teaching process of polymers in a university group, the polymerization process system of PPMA (polymethylmethacrylate) is studied. The variables that affect the size of the Pearl are: temperature, reaction time and volumen of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous phase. These variables are optimized through a Box-Behnken experimental design with three factors in three levels, achieving the construction of the response surface to optimize the process, obtaining a tridimensional equation that enables the prediction of the Pearl size through the values of the independent variables. Finally, the student acquires the competency of manipulating the variables that affect the polymerization process to optimize the process. For this reason, Design Expert is a valuable ICT tool in the learning-teaching process of polymerization systems.
聚合物是一系列对食品运输、包装和配送、建筑等许多过程至关重要的材料。因此,了解这一过程所依赖的变量很重要。实验设计是一种强大的工具,可以通过软件构建的实验矩阵来识别对过程有重大影响的变量。为了将信息通信技术应用于某高校聚合物教学过程中,对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合过程系统进行了研究。影响珍珠大小的变量是:温度、反应时间和聚乙烯醇水相的体积。这些变量通过Box-Behnken实验设计进行优化,在三个层面上有三个因素,实现了响应面的构建以优化过程,获得了一个三维方程,该方程能够通过自变量的值预测珍珠尺寸。最后,学生获得了操纵影响聚合过程的变量以优化过程的能力。因此,在聚合系统的学习和教学过程中,设计专家是一个有价值的ICT工具。
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引用次数: 1
Synthesis of urea by ammonolysis of propylene carbonate 碳酸丙烯酯氨解法合成尿素
Pub Date : 2018-04-19 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.01.004
Alex, E. Elman, I. E. Davydov, E. A. Stepanov
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引用次数: 3
Corrosion Protection with Ion Barrier Coatings(I) Barrier to Anion Coating 离子屏障涂层的防腐(一)阴离子屏障涂层
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.001
Jianguo Wang, Su-Yu Wang
A cation exchange membrane is permeable to cation and impermeable to anions. When the membrane is directly coated on a metal surface, the coating will not provide corrosion protection to the substrate, and it delaminated in salt fog testing. When the barrier to anion membrane coated on the surface of a primer, it inhibits anions to diffuse from the environment through the coating.
阳离子交换膜对阳离子可渗透,对阴离子不可渗透。当膜直接涂覆在金属表面时,涂层不会对基材提供腐蚀保护,并且在盐雾测试中分层。当将阴离子屏障膜涂覆在底漆表面时,就会抑制阴离子从环境中通过涂层扩散。
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引用次数: 0
Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Oil and Gas Field Drilling Tools and Fluids Design 纳米材料在油气田钻井工具和钻井液设计中的潜在应用
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.003
Amanullah, J. Ramasamy
The emerging nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be used for various industrial applications to enhance reliability, performance, stability and functional capability. Their application in the design and development of tools and materials used in oil and gas industry for extreme drilling conditions could overcome the current limitations of conventional tools and the various fluid systems used by the industry. The functional limitations such as poor physio-chemical stability in acid gas environment, frequent mechanical failure and malfunctioning in complex geological environment, thermal degradation in high temperature environment, etc. of currently used conventional tools and fluid systems are associated with extreme operating conditions due to a shift of the drilling operation from low risk to high risk geological environments, onshore to offshore locations, shallow water to deep water environment, etc. The progressive shift to increasingly higher risk operating environments is unavoidable as the energy demand of global community has increased manifold and is expected to increase further in future. Moreover, the probability and likelihood of finding easy oils and gas resources in low risk areas are diminishing quickly. That is why the oil and gas companies are constantly shifting to extremely challenging environments to meet the global energy demand. This is reflected by the expansion of drilling activities in complex geological areas, deep water environments, extreme-HPHT environments, etc. As the current tools and equipment and also the additives and chemicals often fail and/or lose their functional ability due to the detrimental effect of exposure of extremely harsh conditions, the industry needs tools and equipment, chemicals fluid additives that are highly reliable, chemically resistive, thermally and mechanically stable to ensure safe and trouble free drilling operations. It has been demonstrated in several fields of study that nanostructured materials and additives exhibit improved mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical and tribological properties that can significantly increase the stability and durability of the tools and equipment along with the chemical and thermal stability of additives required for high performance fluid design. This review article captures the recent developments about the application of nanomaterials in the design and development of tools, equipment, additives, chemicals and smart materials to overcome current and future technical challenges of the oil and gas industry. Finally, the conventional of rule of mixtures of composite materials design and the current nanotechnology-based research conducted by various researchers have been highlighted to demonstrate potential of nanotechnology to enhance the physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal property of tools, equipment and various fluid systems used by the oil and gas industry.
新兴的纳米科学、纳米技术和纳米材料可用于各种工业应用,以提高可靠性、性能、稳定性和功能能力。它们在石油和天然气行业用于极端钻井条件的工具和材料的设计和开发中的应用可以克服传统工具和行业使用的各种流体系统的当前限制。在酸性气体环境中物理化学稳定性差、在复杂地质环境中频繁发生机械故障和故障、在高温环境中热降解等功能限制,由于钻井作业从低风险地质环境向高风险地质环境、陆上位置向海上位置、浅水环境向深水环境等的转变,当前使用的常规工具和流体系统与极端操作条件相关联。随着全球社会的能源需求成倍增加,预计未来还会进一步增加,逐步转向风险越来越高的运营环境是不可避免的。此外,在低风险地区找到容易开采的石油和天然气资源的可能性正在迅速降低。这就是为什么石油和天然气公司不断转向极具挑战性的环境,以满足全球能源需求。这反映在复杂地质区域、深水环境、极端高温高压环境等钻井活动的扩大上。由于当前的工具和设备以及添加剂和化学品经常由于暴露在极端恶劣条件下的有害影响而失效和/或失去其功能,该行业需要工具和设备,化学流体添加剂,具有高度可靠性、耐化学性、热稳定性和机械稳定性,确保钻井作业安全无故障。几个研究领域已经证明,纳米结构材料和添加剂表现出改善的机械、化学、热、电和摩擦学性能,可以显著提高工具和设备的稳定性和耐用性,以及高性能流体设计所需添加剂的化学和热稳定性。这篇综述文章介绍了纳米材料在工具、设备、添加剂、化学品和智能材料的设计和开发中的应用的最新进展,以克服石油和天然气行业当前和未来的技术挑战。最后,强调了复合材料混合物设计的传统规则和目前由各种研究人员进行的基于纳米技术的研究,以证明纳米技术在提高石油和天然气行业使用的工具、设备和各种流体系统的物理、机械、化学和热性能方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of Chemical Treatment on Structural Properties of Jatropha curcas Seedcake 化学处理对麻疯树籽饼结构性能的影响
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.004
R. A. Ribeiro, S. Nobre
Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained through a transesterification reaction using vegetable oils and animal fats. After oil extraction, the seedcake is a by-product, which can be used as a biofertilizer. This work evaluated the modifications in chemical structures that occurred in Jatropha cake after its submission to different treatments with distilled water and vapor of 10% v/v aqueous solution of acetic acid. Seedcakes were characterized by chemical analysis of acidity, water solubility, conductivity and infrared spectroscopy. The following values were observed in untreated cake (% w/w): moisture 6.1 ± 0.2, ash 5.2 ± 0.3, crude protein 26.5 ± 0.9, potassium 1.7 ± 0.1, crude fiber 34.9 ± 5.8, phosphorous 4.7 ± 0.4 and crude fat 13.8 ± 0.5. Ash, crude fiber and phosphorous content had no significant modifications, whereas crude protein decreased after acid treatment. Moisture and potassium content decreased after both water and acetic acid solution treatments. The acidity of the soluble fraction presented values around 5.8. Conductivities (S·cm) of the soluble fraction for cakes in natura, treated with water and treated with acetic acid were, respectively, 430.8 ± 13.6, 362.9 ± 8.1 and 599.3 ± 26.8 and solubilities (g 100 g H2O) were 0.309 ± 0.008, 0.241 ± 0.008 and 0.373 ± 0.012, respectively. These results showed that structures like hemicellulose and lignin were probably modified through acid hydrolysis, producing ionic groups and leading to higher conductivity and solubility. Similar infrared spectra were obtained for three cake samples. In general, Jatropha cake underwent slight modification concerning composition after acetic acid treatment.
生物柴油是一种利用植物油和动物脂肪通过酯交换反应获得的生物燃料。榨油后,籽饼是一种副产品,可以用作生物肥料。这项工作评估了麻风树滤饼在用蒸馏水和10%v/v乙酸水溶液的蒸汽进行不同处理后发生的化学结构变化。采用酸度、水溶性、电导率和红外光谱等化学分析方法对籽饼进行了表征。在未处理的滤饼中观察到以下值(%w/w):水分6.1±0.2,灰分5.2±0.3,粗蛋白质26.5±0.9,钾1.7±0.1,粗纤维34.9±5.8,磷4.7±0.4和粗脂肪13.8±0.5。灰分、粗纤维和磷含量没有显著变化,而粗蛋白质在酸处理后有所下降。水分和钾含量在水溶液和乙酸溶液处理后均下降。可溶性部分的酸度值约为5.8。传导性(S·cm)分别为430.8±13.6、362.9±8.1和599.3±26.8,溶解度(g 100 g H2O)分别为0.309±0.008、0.241±0.008和0.373±0.012。这些结果表明,半纤维素和木质素等结构可能通过酸水解进行改性,产生离子基团,并导致更高的电导率和溶解度。对于三个滤饼样品获得了类似的红外光谱。一般来说,麻疯树饼在乙酸处理后在成分方面发生了轻微的变化。
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引用次数: 2
Kinetic Model Heterogeneous Reaction Self-assembly on Nanocomposit Sorbent and Their Peculiarity 纳米复合吸附剂的非均相反应自组装动力学模型及其特性
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.007
V. Olga
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引用次数: 0
The Laws of the Chemical Psychology 化学心理学的规律
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.006
A. Yerkin, Yemelyanova Valentina, S. Ruben, Askarova Gauhar
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引用次数: 0
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