Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.004
Alhussein Arkan Majhooll, I. Zainol, C. Jaafar, H. Alsailawi, M. Hassan, Mustafa Mudhafar, Ali Arkan Majhool, Abbas Asaad
Preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) through natural sources, such as fish scales or synthetic HA produced from the chemical reaction has been widely used as biomedical materials because HA is bioactive, non-toxic and osteoconductive with a crystallographic structure almost similar to that of the bone mineral. In addition, HAwith particle size < 10 microns is classified as common inorganic filler used to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of polymer composites. The purpose of this review is to collect information related to HA, and to provide readers with information about synthesis methods, advantages of hydroxyapatite as biomaterial,biomedical applications of polymer/HA composites.
{"title":"A Brief Review on Biomedical Applications of Hydroxyapatite Use as Fillers in Polymer","authors":"Alhussein Arkan Majhooll, I. Zainol, C. Jaafar, H. Alsailawi, M. Hassan, Mustafa Mudhafar, Ali Arkan Majhool, Abbas Asaad","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) through natural sources, such as fish scales or synthetic HA produced from the chemical reaction has been widely used as biomedical materials because HA is bioactive, non-toxic and osteoconductive with a crystallographic structure almost similar to that of the bone mineral. In addition, HAwith particle size < 10 microns is classified as common inorganic filler used to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of polymer composites. The purpose of this review is to collect information related to HA, and to provide readers with information about synthesis methods, advantages of hydroxyapatite as biomaterial,biomedical applications of polymer/HA composites.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.001
Yerkin Aibassov, T. Spataru, Y. Kenzhin, Maxat Bulenbaev, Pavel Kharkin
: One of the urgent tasks of the uranium industry in Kazakhstan is the extraction of radionuclide residues from spent uranium wells. We proposed to extract the remains of radionuclides from the drilled wells and to improve the radiation safety of the contaminated area. We conducted a chemical analysis of the content of radionuclides in the ore material. The radionuclides U, Th, Pa, Ra, Ac, Rn were extracted, which can be used in industry and medicine in Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Perspectives for the Development of Chemistry of Actinides in Kazakhstan","authors":"Yerkin Aibassov, T. Spataru, Y. Kenzhin, Maxat Bulenbaev, Pavel Kharkin","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":": One of the urgent tasks of the uranium industry in Kazakhstan is the extraction of radionuclide residues from spent uranium wells. We proposed to extract the remains of radionuclides from the drilled wells and to improve the radiation safety of the contaminated area. We conducted a chemical analysis of the content of radionuclides in the ore material. The radionuclides U, Th, Pa, Ra, Ac, Rn were extracted, which can be used in industry and medicine in Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47030853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.002
Alhussein Arkan Majhooll, I. Zainol, C. Jaafar, Mustafa Mudhafar, H. Alsailawi, Abbas Asaad, Fouad W. Mezaal
The aims of this study were to prepare natural hydroxyapatite from fish scales (FsHAp) for potential use as a filler in polymer. The FsHAp was prepared from Tilapia fish scales using thermal method. The FsHAp was milled for 48 h and dried by spray method. The morphology was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) which showed irregular shape of FsHAp particles with particle size around 7 μm. The analysis of FsHAp was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm chemical structure of FsHAp.
{"title":"Preparation of Fish Scales Hydroxyapatite (FsHAp) for Potential Use as Fillers in Polymer","authors":"Alhussein Arkan Majhooll, I. Zainol, C. Jaafar, Mustafa Mudhafar, H. Alsailawi, Abbas Asaad, Fouad W. Mezaal","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to prepare natural hydroxyapatite from fish scales (FsHAp) for potential use as a filler in polymer. The FsHAp was prepared from Tilapia fish scales using thermal method. The FsHAp was milled for 48 h and dried by spray method. The morphology was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) which showed irregular shape of FsHAp particles with particle size around 7 μm. The analysis of FsHAp was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm chemical structure of FsHAp.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45884791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.003
A. O. Valdivia, Carlos Montaño-Osorio, Y. M. Vargas-Rodríguez
In order to teach students, the importance of conductometric titrations in this work, we present a laboratory experiment to quantify the amount of metformin hydrochloride in a tablet. The quantification was carried out through the evaluation of the chloride by silver nitrate. The titration and the end point were followed by conductometric titration, as well as by potentiometric and visually by the Volhard method. In addition, the theoretical conductivities of the metformin hydrochloride solution were calculated when known volumes of titrant are added, using the limit conductivity data for each of the ions present in the literature. To simulate the conductometric titration, the calculated conductivity values were plotted based on the volume of silver nitrate added. A comparison between techniques is made in order to determine the best monitoring method, being this one conductimetry to detect the equivalence point for metformin hydrochloride with 0.99±0.03, according to relative standard deviation (% RSD). Simulated titration curves adequately describe obtained results in an experimental way. The conductometric titration is the best method for quantification since it shows less dispersion between obtained results and has the highest concordance among results. Their application is shown through the analysis and conductometric titration simulations.
{"title":"Conductometric Titration of Metformin Hydrochloride: Simulation and Experimentation","authors":"A. O. Valdivia, Carlos Montaño-Osorio, Y. M. Vargas-Rodríguez","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to teach students, the importance of conductometric titrations in this work, we present a laboratory experiment to quantify the amount of metformin hydrochloride in a tablet. The quantification was carried out through the evaluation of the chloride by silver nitrate. The titration and the end point were followed by conductometric titration, as well as by potentiometric and visually by the Volhard method. In addition, the theoretical conductivities of the metformin hydrochloride solution were calculated when known volumes of titrant are added, using the limit conductivity data for each of the ions present in the literature. To simulate the conductometric titration, the calculated conductivity values were plotted based on the volume of silver nitrate added. A comparison between techniques is made in order to determine the best monitoring method, being this one conductimetry to detect the equivalence point for metformin hydrochloride with 0.99±0.03, according to relative standard deviation (% RSD). Simulated titration curves adequately describe obtained results in an experimental way. The conductometric titration is the best method for quantification since it shows less dispersion between obtained results and has the highest concordance among results. Their application is shown through the analysis and conductometric titration simulations.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67524047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.001
Ganchimeg Yunden, N. Kano, Hee-Joon Kim
Mongolian sheep wool was modified by maleic anhydride at different temperatures to obtain new adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III). Adsorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution onto the modified wool was investigated in batch system. In this work, the effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity was determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry). Modified wool was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer). The thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out and the results confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous in nature, thermodynamically favourable and endothermic. Kinetically, the adsorption process obeys the pseudo-second order model. The modified wool can be an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution.
{"title":"The Removal of Cr(III) from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Wool","authors":"Ganchimeg Yunden, N. Kano, Hee-Joon Kim","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Mongolian sheep wool was modified by maleic anhydride at different temperatures to obtain new adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III). Adsorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution onto the modified wool was investigated in batch system. In this work, the effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity was determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry). Modified wool was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer). The thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out and the results confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous in nature, thermodynamically favourable and endothermic. Kinetically, the adsorption process obeys the pseudo-second order model. The modified wool can be an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.003
F.Kh. Yusifli, Gafar Ramazanov, A. Guliyev
The synthesis of a series of unsaturated 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes has been realized and the addition of thiophenol to the synthesized compounds in the presence of radical initiators has been carried out. It has been established the behavior of the addition reaction both with opening of dioxolane cycle and without it. The influence of nature of substituents of С2-carbon atom of dioxolane cycle, ratio of the initial reagents and temperature on direction of the addition reaction has been studied. The adducts obtained as a result of the addition reaction have a linear and cyclic structure, which have been established by data of the chemical and spectral analyses. It has been found that the ratio dioxolane compound: thiophenol, reaction temperature and nature of the functional substituent influences on quantity of these adducts.
{"title":"Synthesis and Free-Radical Thiilation (Addition of Thiophenols) of Unsaturated Cyclic Acetals","authors":"F.Kh. Yusifli, Gafar Ramazanov, A. Guliyev","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of a series of unsaturated 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes has been realized and the addition of thiophenol to the synthesized compounds in the presence of radical initiators has been carried out. It has been established the behavior of the addition reaction both with opening of dioxolane cycle and without it. The influence of nature of substituents of С2-carbon atom of dioxolane cycle, ratio of the initial reagents and temperature on direction of the addition reaction has been studied. The adducts obtained as a result of the addition reaction have a linear and cyclic structure, which have been established by data of the chemical and spectral analyses. It has been found that the ratio dioxolane compound: thiophenol, reaction temperature and nature of the functional substituent influences on quantity of these adducts.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44303950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.002
Amanullah, J. Ramasamy
The global oil and gas industry has a long standing initiative to develop and use the most environment friendly solutions in the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources to prevent any damage or degradation of other marine and terrestrial resources. This is reflected by increasing research in academics, research institutes and organizations around the globe to develop better and more environment friendly base fluids, viscosifiers, fluid loss additives, emulsifiers, lubricants, etc. to protect the local, regional and global environments, eco-systems, habitats and also the OHS of workers and professionals working in the oil and gas industry. This paper describes the development, testing and evaluation of several novel additives to demonstrate their suitability for oil and gas field applications to avoid any negative impact to the surrounding environment. Experimental results indicate that the newly developed additives provide desirable, similar or better performance with respect to conventional additives used by the industry and thus demonstrate their suitability for application in aqueous and non-aqueous fluid design. The plant-based organic additive identified to use as an ecofriendly viscosifier for aqueous mud system can also control the fluid loss behavior of clay free system and thus can act as a bi-functional additive. Several waste vegetable oil-based eco-friendly additives have been developed for their application as spotting fluids, base oil and emulsifiers for invert emulsion oil based mud. These additives have similar or better technical performance than the equivalents and the eco-friendly nature of the mud additives demonstrates their ability to perform the functional tasks with better protection of the surrounding environments.
{"title":"Novel Eco-friendly Additives for Aqueous and Non-aqueous Fluid Design","authors":"Amanullah, J. Ramasamy","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The global oil and gas industry has a long standing initiative to develop and use the most environment friendly solutions in the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources to prevent any damage or degradation of other marine and terrestrial resources. This is reflected by increasing research in academics, research institutes and organizations around the globe to develop better and more environment friendly base fluids, viscosifiers, fluid loss additives, emulsifiers, lubricants, etc. to protect the local, regional and global environments, eco-systems, habitats and also the OHS of workers and professionals working in the oil and gas industry. This paper describes the development, testing and evaluation of several novel additives to demonstrate their suitability for oil and gas field applications to avoid any negative impact to the surrounding environment. Experimental results indicate that the newly developed additives provide desirable, similar or better performance with respect to conventional additives used by the industry and thus demonstrate their suitability for application in aqueous and non-aqueous fluid design. The plant-based organic additive identified to use as an ecofriendly viscosifier for aqueous mud system can also control the fluid loss behavior of clay free system and thus can act as a bi-functional additive. Several waste vegetable oil-based eco-friendly additives have been developed for their application as spotting fluids, base oil and emulsifiers for invert emulsion oil based mud. These additives have similar or better technical performance than the equivalents and the eco-friendly nature of the mud additives demonstrates their ability to perform the functional tasks with better protection of the surrounding environments.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48194775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.004
Juan F Facetti-Masulli, C. López, A. González
{"title":"Pre Impoundment Studies in Monday River, Eastern Paraguay I: Soils and Submerged Soils","authors":"Juan F Facetti-Masulli, C. López, A. González","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.004
L. L. Perreault, M. Bouchard
Sample preparation by fusion for XRF analysis is all about knowing the exact weights of the sample and the flux (sample-to-flux ratio). The whole analytical chain, including the weighing step in sample preparation prior to fusion, is of crucial importance to get precise and accurate x-ray fluorescence (XRF) results. Consequently, the weighing method will affect the quality of the analytical results given by the spectrometer. In this study, the effects of different weighing methods on the precision (RSD) of the obtained XRF results are compared to determine the best weighing method for sample preparation by fusion in terms of comparable precisions in the XRF results.
{"title":"A Comparison of Weighing Methods Prior to Fusion Preparing Iron Samples for XRF Analysis","authors":"L. L. Perreault, M. Bouchard","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Sample preparation by fusion for XRF analysis is all about knowing the exact weights of the sample and the flux (sample-to-flux ratio). The whole analytical chain, including the weighing step in sample preparation prior to fusion, is of crucial importance to get precise and accurate x-ray fluorescence (XRF) results. Consequently, the weighing method will affect the quality of the analytical results given by the spectrometer. In this study, the effects of different weighing methods on the precision (RSD) of the obtained XRF results are compared to determine the best weighing method for sample preparation by fusion in terms of comparable precisions in the XRF results.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45230996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.006
Mébrouk Benziada
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Study of Northern Algeria Hot Springs for Thermal Treatments","authors":"Mébrouk Benziada","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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