Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.003
Raymundo Yáñez-Alarid, Elvira Santos-Santos, Eva F. Lejarazo-Gómez
Amides were obtained through partial hydrolysis of nitriles, using two different energy sources, traditional heating with solvent reflux and ultrasound. The reaction was performed at micro and semi-micro scales and at different reaction time with both energy sources. Yield was determined through gas chromatography, in the case of micro-scale and weight loss in the case of semi-micro scale.
{"title":"Amide Synthesis through Selective Partial Hydrolysis of Nitriles in Alkaline Media","authors":"Raymundo Yáñez-Alarid, Elvira Santos-Santos, Eva F. Lejarazo-Gómez","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Amides were obtained through partial hydrolysis of nitriles, using two different energy sources, traditional heating with solvent reflux and ultrasound. The reaction was performed at micro and semi-micro scales and at different reaction time with both energy sources. Yield was determined through gas chromatography, in the case of micro-scale and weight loss in the case of semi-micro scale.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43842298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.001
M. Iwunze
Nano-emulsion, a kinetically stable system of nanosized oil droplets in water has been numerously used as a medium for biological and medicinal processes. It is also used as a solubilizing medium for compounds or molecules that are insoluble or poorly soluble in aqueous medium in addition to its use as a penetration enhancer in dermatological processes. Ferrocene, a metallocene that is known to be quite insoluble in aqueous medium is liberally soluble in the prepared oil-in-water nano-emulsion. In this medium, ferrocene undergoes a quasi-reversible reaction process and its relevant electrochemical kinetic parameters such as the heterogeneous rate constant, ko, the formal redox potential, E, the half-wave potential, E, the electron transfer coefficient, α, and its diffusion coefficient, D, are determined in this medium. These important electrochemical parameters including the observed current function have been used to formulate a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of ferrocene in the formulated nano-emulsion.
{"title":"Electrooxidation of Ferrocene in Nano-emulsion","authors":"M. Iwunze","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-emulsion, a kinetically stable system of nanosized oil droplets in water has been numerously used as a medium for biological and medicinal processes. It is also used as a solubilizing medium for compounds or molecules that are insoluble or poorly soluble in aqueous medium in addition to its use as a penetration enhancer in dermatological processes. Ferrocene, a metallocene that is known to be quite insoluble in aqueous medium is liberally soluble in the prepared oil-in-water nano-emulsion. In this medium, ferrocene undergoes a quasi-reversible reaction process and its relevant electrochemical kinetic parameters such as the heterogeneous rate constant, ko, the formal redox potential, E, the half-wave potential, E, the electron transfer coefficient, α, and its diffusion coefficient, D, are determined in this medium. These important electrochemical parameters including the observed current function have been used to formulate a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of ferrocene in the formulated nano-emulsion.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46809606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.002
A. Yerkin, Bulenbaev Maxat, B. Alzhanuly
: The aim of the study is the possibility of synthesis and study of the properties of “synthetic consciousness” by modifying various chemical elements of the genome of synthetic biochemistry. We have proposed a new approach to synthesize “synthetic consciousness” using synthetic biochemistry.
{"title":"Synthetic Biochemistry and Synthesized Consciousness","authors":"A. Yerkin, Bulenbaev Maxat, B. Alzhanuly","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.002","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of the study is the possibility of synthesis and study of the properties of “synthetic consciousness” by modifying various chemical elements of the genome of synthetic biochemistry. We have proposed a new approach to synthesize “synthetic consciousness” using synthetic biochemistry.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.004
H. Kheyrodin
Two strategies have been developed to improve DNA recovery in terms of yield, purity and unbiased representation of the microbial diversity. However, amplification of DNA from soil is often inhibited by co-purified contaminants. Furthermore, DNA is also suitable for PCR amplification using various DNA targets. This review presents an overview of the available methods to achieve this challenging objective. DNA was extracted from 100 g of soil using direct lysis with glass beads and SDS followed by potassium acetate precipitation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, phenol extraction and isopropanol precipitation.
{"title":"Study of Soil Microbiological Properties","authors":"H. Kheyrodin","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Two strategies have been developed to improve DNA recovery in terms of yield, purity and unbiased representation of the microbial diversity. However, amplification of DNA from soil is often inhibited by co-purified contaminants. Furthermore, DNA is also suitable for PCR amplification using various DNA targets. This review presents an overview of the available methods to achieve this challenging objective. DNA was extracted from 100 g of soil using direct lysis with glass beads and SDS followed by potassium acetate precipitation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, phenol extraction and isopropanol precipitation.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"125 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41331901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.005
R. Mamlok-Naaman
: The models of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are based on principles of learning that emphasize the co-construction of knowledge by learners, who in this case are the teachers themselves. Teachers in a PLC meet regularly to explore their practices and the learning outcomes of their students, analyze their teaching and their students’ learning processes, draw conclusions, and make changes in order to improve their teaching and the learning of their students. It was found that participation in a PLC influences teaching practice, so teachers become more student-centered. Moreover, the teaching culture improves as the community increases the degree of cooperation among teachers, and focuses on the processes of learning rather than the accumulation of knowledge. This enables students to be innovative, creative, and critical. In addition, trust is developed among the participants, which enables them to discuss and analyze their students’ cognitive and affective problems, misconceptions, and learning outcomes.
{"title":"Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) of Chemistry Teachers","authors":"R. Mamlok-Naaman","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.005","url":null,"abstract":": The models of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are based on principles of learning that emphasize the co-construction of knowledge by learners, who in this case are the teachers themselves. Teachers in a PLC meet regularly to explore their practices and the learning outcomes of their students, analyze their teaching and their students’ learning processes, draw conclusions, and make changes in order to improve their teaching and the learning of their students. It was found that participation in a PLC influences teaching practice, so teachers become more student-centered. Moreover, the teaching culture improves as the community increases the degree of cooperation among teachers, and focuses on the processes of learning rather than the accumulation of knowledge. This enables students to be innovative, creative, and critical. In addition, trust is developed among the participants, which enables them to discuss and analyze their students’ cognitive and affective problems, misconceptions, and learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46264876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.001
Nalinee Sripaung
The workers’ biological standard value (WBSV) is generally used to assess chemicals health risks in community. It may cause the deviate biomonitoring. Therefore, this study was aimed to set the pilot reference value for exposed people to chemicals. The study was divided into three phases: the two phases for field-study method and one phase for stakeholder’s adoption. Phase I was proceeded in one industrial zone in Thailand during the years 2012-2014 to collect blood and urine samples of 402 working-age people in community accompanied with in-depth interview. The 4 heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) in blood and urine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs, benzene, toluene, styrene, xylenes) in urine were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The 8 chemicals concentrations of the volunteers’ average chemicals concentration (VACC) were calculated. Phase II was proceeded during the years 2015-2016 to compare risk group identification between usage of VACC and usage of WBSV. The results were presented in mean value, standard deviation, percentage, and significant. The results showed approximately 90 percent of VACCs were lower than WBSV. The exceptional result was volunteers’ average urinary arsenic concentration. It was clearly higher than WBSV. The comparative results showed the adjusted amount of risk people by VACC was higher than the adjusted amount risk people by WBSV. Phase III was proceeded in the year 2017 for stakeholder’s adoption. This study indicated that general people’s average chemicals concentration should be used as the reference value for biomonitoring and active health surveillance.
{"title":"The Reference Value for Biomonitoring in Chemicals Risk Area in Thailand","authors":"Nalinee Sripaung","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The workers’ biological standard value (WBSV) is generally used to assess chemicals health risks in community. It may cause the deviate biomonitoring. Therefore, this study was aimed to set the pilot reference value for exposed people to chemicals. The study was divided into three phases: the two phases for field-study method and one phase for stakeholder’s adoption. Phase I was proceeded in one industrial zone in Thailand during the years 2012-2014 to collect blood and urine samples of 402 working-age people in community accompanied with in-depth interview. The 4 heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) in blood and urine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs, benzene, toluene, styrene, xylenes) in urine were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The 8 chemicals concentrations of the volunteers’ average chemicals concentration (VACC) were calculated. Phase II was proceeded during the years 2015-2016 to compare risk group identification between usage of VACC and usage of WBSV. The results were presented in mean value, standard deviation, percentage, and significant. The results showed approximately 90 percent of VACCs were lower than WBSV. The exceptional result was volunteers’ average urinary arsenic concentration. It was clearly higher than WBSV. The comparative results showed the adjusted amount of risk people by VACC was higher than the adjusted amount risk people by WBSV. Phase III was proceeded in the year 2017 for stakeholder’s adoption. This study indicated that general people’s average chemicals concentration should be used as the reference value for biomonitoring and active health surveillance.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyliminoethanols and the Evaluation of Their Possible Biological Activity","authors":"Portillo Borgues Jorge Eduardo, Santos Santos Elvira, Lejarazo Gómez Eva Florencia","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.005
M. Benziada
In this article, we present the results of Eastern Mitidja basin groundwater chemical analysis realized by the Algerian water laboratory at National Water Resources Agency (Algiers) in October-November 1991. We try to show a synthetic cartography of some physic-chemical parameters in this area, the spatial quality evolution of groundwater and its irrigation aptitude. The groundwater of Eastern Mitidja basin are bicarbonate-calcareous with magnesium by place sulfated. The mineralization of groundwaters is weak in the high stream and strong in downstream (proximity of the sea). The concentrations of nitrates remain below from the World Health Organization norms over the whole of basin study. Eastern Mitidja basin groundwaters are not dangerous and can be used for irrigation.
{"title":"Chemistry of the Groundwater of the Eastern Mitidja Basin, Algeria","authors":"M. Benziada","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2019.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present the results of Eastern Mitidja basin groundwater chemical analysis realized by the Algerian water laboratory at National Water Resources Agency (Algiers) in October-November 1991. We try to show a synthetic cartography of some physic-chemical parameters in this area, the spatial quality evolution of groundwater and its irrigation aptitude. The groundwater of Eastern Mitidja basin are bicarbonate-calcareous with magnesium by place sulfated. The mineralization of groundwaters is weak in the high stream and strong in downstream (proximity of the sea). The concentrations of nitrates remain below from the World Health Organization norms over the whole of basin study. Eastern Mitidja basin groundwaters are not dangerous and can be used for irrigation.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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