Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.001
Lu Yujing, Wang Ruihua, Dong Ying
GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate) is becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence of GHB in the human body and its rapid elimination after ingestion make it difficult to detect and to evaluate its roles in suspected GHB-facilitated assaults. The paper describes an analytical method for the determination of GHB in urine using LC-MS/MS. Samples were acidified by ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The limit of detection was 0.05 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The intraand inter-day precision was within 10.0% at three concentrations. The methods were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic toxicology to test GHB in real cases.
{"title":"Analysis of γ-Hydroxybutyrate in Human Urine by LC-MS/MS Method and Its Forensic Application","authors":"Lu Yujing, Wang Ruihua, Dong Ying","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate) is becoming popular recreational drugs. As a result of its strong sedative and amnesiac effects, GHB has been implicated in a number of DFSA cases. The natural presence of GHB in the human body and its rapid elimination after ingestion make it difficult to detect and to evaluate its roles in suspected GHB-facilitated assaults. The paper describes an analytical method for the determination of GHB in urine using LC-MS/MS. Samples were acidified by ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The limit of detection was 0.05 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The intraand inter-day precision was within 10.0% at three concentrations. The methods were found to be sensitive, accurate, rapid and suitable for the forensic toxicology to test GHB in real cases.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.002
Michael Fundator
Different extensions, such as Transition State theory of Eyring-Polanyi-Evans model of the original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for the Velocity of Chemical Reactions are discussed based on Smoluchowski and Fokker-Plank equations with various properties of Brownian motion and including 1-, 2-, 3-, and multidimensional models with applications in Neuroscience.
{"title":"Various Extensions of Original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for Reactions Kinetics Based on Brownian Motion and Fokker-Plank Equation Including 1D, 2D, 3D, and Multi-dimensional Approaches","authors":"Michael Fundator","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Different extensions, such as Transition State theory of Eyring-Polanyi-Evans model of the original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for the Velocity of Chemical Reactions are discussed based on Smoluchowski and Fokker-Plank equations with various properties of Brownian motion and including 1-, 2-, 3-, and multidimensional models with applications in Neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.004
Carlos Eugênio Fortes Teixeira, R. S. Fontaneli
Silage is aimed at conservation of green fodder, with minimal losses and that this kind of food, does not occur formation of toxic compounds for animals. Practical aspects become important when control “in loco”, reflects management practiced in the property. There are different sensory evaluation techniques. The objective of this work was to study the applicability of the German system, now used in sensory evaluation of winter cereals (wheat silage and haylage oats). For quantitative analysis of silage (pH) that was used potentiometer. In determining the qualitative analysis was used German method adapted. Relating them to sensory characteristics such as smell, texture and color of the fodder saved by assigning a score to each sensory: a “key” predetermined quality identification. For multiple comparisons for film types tested in oat silages BRS Centauro, the results show that the qualitative sensory attributes evaluated by rating corresponded to the quantitative attributes (pH) evaluated, with no difference. For multiple comparisons in the silages, for all test loads in both wheat genotypes results showed no difference between the qualitative evaluation (sensory) and quantitative.
{"title":"Sensory evaluation of winter cereal silage.","authors":"Carlos Eugênio Fortes Teixeira, R. S. Fontaneli","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Silage is aimed at conservation of green fodder, with minimal losses and that this kind of food, does not occur formation of toxic compounds for animals. Practical aspects become important when control “in loco”, reflects management practiced in the property. There are different sensory evaluation techniques. The objective of this work was to study the applicability of the German system, now used in sensory evaluation of winter cereals (wheat silage and haylage oats). For quantitative analysis of silage (pH) that was used potentiometer. In determining the qualitative analysis was used German method adapted. Relating them to sensory characteristics such as smell, texture and color of the fodder saved by assigning a score to each sensory: a “key” predetermined quality identification. For multiple comparisons for film types tested in oat silages BRS Centauro, the results show that the qualitative sensory attributes evaluated by rating corresponded to the quantitative attributes (pH) evaluated, with no difference. For multiple comparisons in the silages, for all test loads in both wheat genotypes results showed no difference between the qualitative evaluation (sensory) and quantitative.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43194811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.003
A. Yerkin, Yemelyanova Valentina, Nakisbekov Narymzhan, Alzhanuly Bakhytzhan, S. Ruben
The authors propose a new approach to the theory of spin-boson and spin-fermion topological model of consciousness. The authors will offer a common mechanism of spin-boson and spin-fermion topological model of consciousness.
{"title":"Spin-Boson and Spin-Fermion Topological Model of Consciousness","authors":"A. Yerkin, Yemelyanova Valentina, Nakisbekov Narymzhan, Alzhanuly Bakhytzhan, S. Ruben","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a new approach to the theory of spin-boson and spin-fermion topological model of consciousness. The authors will offer a common mechanism of spin-boson and spin-fermion topological model of consciousness.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43397926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.007
Hai-Rui Zhang, Guo-Fu Zhang
A rapid and simple procedure for synthesis of 2,6-di(naphthalene thioureido carbamino)pyridine fluorescine anion acceptor by the reaction between pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine after three-step reaction and 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate is described, and all reactions could be carried out under microwave heating condition.
{"title":"Rapid Microwave-accelerated Multi-step Synthesis of 2,6-di(naphthalene Thioureido Carbamino)Pyridine","authors":"Hai-Rui Zhang, Guo-Fu Zhang","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid and simple procedure for synthesis of 2,6-di(naphthalene thioureido carbamino)pyridine fluorescine anion acceptor by the reaction between pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine after three-step reaction and 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate is described, and all reactions could be carried out under microwave heating condition.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41936621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.004
M. Avaliani, E. Shapakidze, N. Barnovi, M. Gvelesiani, D. Dzanashvili
A distinctive feature of phosphates is their special and significant ability to form inorganic polymeric compounds—condensed phosphates, which are destined to play a considerable role in our “high-tech” society in the future. Numerous olygophosphates, polyphosphates, double condensed phosphates and cyclophosphates with diverse formula, such as double tetra-, octaand dodecaphosphates were obtained and described by us last years. The offered data are the outcomes of our scientific researches: of synthesis, analysis, and estimation of results in correlation with new achievements in inorganic polymer’s chemistry. Many double condensed compounds, containing monovalent metals are obtained by us during systematic investigation of polycomponent systems, containing monoand trivalent metals at temperature range 100-600 °C. Synthesised condensed phosphates, in fact—inorganic polymers were examined in detail by chemical and thermogravimetric analysis, most compounds were examined by paper chromatography and the structures are determined by X-ray structural techniques/diffraction analysis. During our fundamental researches numerous new (about 70) unknown until now condensed phosphates have been obtained. Dependency of composition VS temperature and molar ratio, reliance of structure from duration of synthesis and radius of the ions are revealed.
{"title":"About New Inorganic Polymers-Double Condensed Phosphates of Silver and Trivalent Metals","authors":"M. Avaliani, E. Shapakidze, N. Barnovi, M. Gvelesiani, D. Dzanashvili","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"A distinctive feature of phosphates is their special and significant ability to form inorganic polymeric compounds—condensed phosphates, which are destined to play a considerable role in our “high-tech” society in the future. Numerous olygophosphates, polyphosphates, double condensed phosphates and cyclophosphates with diverse formula, such as double tetra-, octaand dodecaphosphates were obtained and described by us last years. The offered data are the outcomes of our scientific researches: of synthesis, analysis, and estimation of results in correlation with new achievements in inorganic polymer’s chemistry. Many double condensed compounds, containing monovalent metals are obtained by us during systematic investigation of polycomponent systems, containing monoand trivalent metals at temperature range 100-600 °C. Synthesised condensed phosphates, in fact—inorganic polymers were examined in detail by chemical and thermogravimetric analysis, most compounds were examined by paper chromatography and the structures are determined by X-ray structural techniques/diffraction analysis. During our fundamental researches numerous new (about 70) unknown until now condensed phosphates have been obtained. Dependency of composition VS temperature and molar ratio, reliance of structure from duration of synthesis and radius of the ions are revealed.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43426994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.005
S. Majekodunmi, Cynthia Chibuzor Uzoaganobi
Commercially available domperidone -a D2 receptor antagonistis an immediate release formulation which has never been formulated into microspheres for sustained release. The present work aims towards studying the effect of combination of a natural chitosan from an oyster shell of Mystilis edulis and HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose) (spectracel 15 E) as polymer and tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent using wet gelation technique. The various polymer combination ratios for different batches were compared with a low molecular weight standard chitosan. The extracted chitosan – HPMC polymer combination ratios were chosen at ten levels: as batches B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10 for 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:0, 0:1, 3:1, 1:3, 5:1, and 1:5 and 1:1 having 450:450, 300:600, 600:300, 900:0, 0:900, 675:225, 225:675, 750:150, 150:750, 450:450 mg respectively, while the quantity of domperidone and tripolyphosphate remained constant. B11 and B12 were formulated with standard chitosan and HPMC. The percentage yield of the formulated microspheres was determined and then evaluated for flowability, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and mechanism of drug release by Fickian diffusion. The best batches of the domperidone loaded microspheres produced from the combination polymer were compared with the standard chitosan. The highest yields of microspheres were given by batches B12, B11, B10, and B4 with values of 50.1 ± 0.1%, 49.6 ± 0.1%, 46.6 ± 0.1%, and 46.1 ± 0.0% respectively while the lowest yield were 23.3 ± 0.2% and 23.6 ± 0.2%. B5 and B6 and B9 did not yield any microsphere. The bulk density, tapped density, compressibility and Hausner’s ratio of the microspheres showed good flowability and high percent compressibility. The drug entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment ranged from 54.2 to 97.2, where the least entrapment was B4 (54.2 ± 0.1) and the highest B12 (97.2 ± 0.2). The polymer surface of the microspheres as observed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was heterogeneous and porous which offers enhanced bioadhesivity. The dissolution study was used to determine the percentage drug release which ranged from 12.1% to 68.9% after 5 hours. Batches 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 follow zero order kinetics via Fickian diffusion. The results indicate that microspheres of domperidone could be successfully formulated with a natural chitosan either alone or in combination with HPMC for sustained delivery of domperidone. Furthermore, the concentration of the natural polymer and HPMC employed in the formulation need to be carefully selected to enable the production of microspheres with the desired sustained release properties.
{"title":"Formulation of Domperidone Microspheres Using a Combination of Locally Extracted Chitosan and Hpmc as Polymers","authors":"S. Majekodunmi, Cynthia Chibuzor Uzoaganobi","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available domperidone -a D2 receptor antagonistis an immediate release formulation which has never been formulated into microspheres for sustained release. The present work aims towards studying the effect of combination of a natural chitosan from an oyster shell of Mystilis edulis and HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose) (spectracel 15 E) as polymer and tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent using wet gelation technique. The various polymer combination ratios for different batches were compared with a low molecular weight standard chitosan. The extracted chitosan – HPMC polymer combination ratios were chosen at ten levels: as batches B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10 for 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:0, 0:1, 3:1, 1:3, 5:1, and 1:5 and 1:1 having 450:450, 300:600, 600:300, 900:0, 0:900, 675:225, 225:675, 750:150, 150:750, 450:450 mg respectively, while the quantity of domperidone and tripolyphosphate remained constant. B11 and B12 were formulated with standard chitosan and HPMC. The percentage yield of the formulated microspheres was determined and then evaluated for flowability, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and mechanism of drug release by Fickian diffusion. The best batches of the domperidone loaded microspheres produced from the combination polymer were compared with the standard chitosan. The highest yields of microspheres were given by batches B12, B11, B10, and B4 with values of 50.1 ± 0.1%, 49.6 ± 0.1%, 46.6 ± 0.1%, and 46.1 ± 0.0% respectively while the lowest yield were 23.3 ± 0.2% and 23.6 ± 0.2%. B5 and B6 and B9 did not yield any microsphere. The bulk density, tapped density, compressibility and Hausner’s ratio of the microspheres showed good flowability and high percent compressibility. The drug entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment ranged from 54.2 to 97.2, where the least entrapment was B4 (54.2 ± 0.1) and the highest B12 (97.2 ± 0.2). The polymer surface of the microspheres as observed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was heterogeneous and porous which offers enhanced bioadhesivity. The dissolution study was used to determine the percentage drug release which ranged from 12.1% to 68.9% after 5 hours. Batches 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 11 follow zero order kinetics via Fickian diffusion. The results indicate that microspheres of domperidone could be successfully formulated with a natural chitosan either alone or in combination with HPMC for sustained delivery of domperidone. Furthermore, the concentration of the natural polymer and HPMC employed in the formulation need to be carefully selected to enable the production of microspheres with the desired sustained release properties.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.001
G. D. Leirose, M. Grenier-loustalot, A. H. Oliveira
The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartaric acid comes from natural sources, however there is no specific regulation for this claim. This paper describes the use of isotope mass spectrometry associated with chemometrics to classify different samples of tartaric acid. The results showed that the variables δC, δO and δH allowed the discrimination of tartaric acid samples by geographical origin and production method. By using a combination of chemometric analysis it was possible to confirm a notoriousseparation of the samples. Thus, this is a promising method to be applied in the quality control and authenticity of tartaric acid.
{"title":"Investigation of Geographical Origin and Production Method of L(+)-Tartaric Acid by Isotopic Analyses with Chemometrics","authors":"G. D. Leirose, M. Grenier-loustalot, A. H. Oliveira","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartaric acid comes from natural sources, however there is no specific regulation for this claim. This paper describes the use of isotope mass spectrometry associated with chemometrics to classify different samples of tartaric acid. The results showed that the variables δC, δO and δH allowed the discrimination of tartaric acid samples by geographical origin and production method. By using a combination of chemometric analysis it was possible to confirm a notoriousseparation of the samples. Thus, this is a promising method to be applied in the quality control and authenticity of tartaric acid.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.002
J. C. L. Stutz, J. S. Dominguez, Joaquim Teixeira de Assis
The use of computed microtomography (μCT) has revolutionized many areas of research, such as noninvasive, fast and high precision techniques, which allows immediate visualization of internal structures without any risk to the object of study. μCT is widely accepted for medical diagnostics, is also important for purposes of zoological research and paleontological. In this work, we used the μCT to investigate the internal structure of bones from mammalian and poultry. We studied the bones of rats and quail. Through microtomography images, we observed that the bones of the poultry have a bony structure in the form of a trellis that is not present in bones of mammals. These trellises bony is an evolutionary adaptation that allowed the bones of the birds to become longer and lighter maintaining its strength. It was also observed that the percentage of the trabecular area in poultry is almost half of that observed in mammals. The results obtained validate the use of μCT as a technique that allows the study of bone structures in small samples, enabling to explore the morphological differences between the bones of those species.
{"title":"Comparison of the Internal Structures of Bones by Microtomography","authors":"J. C. L. Stutz, J. S. Dominguez, Joaquim Teixeira de Assis","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2017.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The use of computed microtomography (μCT) has revolutionized many areas of research, such as noninvasive, fast and high precision techniques, which allows immediate visualization of internal structures without any risk to the object of study. μCT is widely accepted for medical diagnostics, is also important for purposes of zoological research and paleontological. In this work, we used the μCT to investigate the internal structure of bones from mammalian and poultry. We studied the bones of rats and quail. Through microtomography images, we observed that the bones of the poultry have a bony structure in the form of a trellis that is not present in bones of mammals. These trellises bony is an evolutionary adaptation that allowed the bones of the birds to become longer and lighter maintaining its strength. It was also observed that the percentage of the trabecular area in poultry is almost half of that observed in mammals. The results obtained validate the use of μCT as a technique that allows the study of bone structures in small samples, enabling to explore the morphological differences between the bones of those species.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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