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Using Atomic Microstates and Atomic Number Parity in Support of Lutetium and Lawrencium Classification as Transition Metals 用原子微态和原子序数奇偶性支持过渡金属的镥和劳伦斯分类
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.002
V. Tsimmerman
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引用次数: 0
Study of thin Films of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Deposited by the Spray Pyrolysis Method 喷雾热解法沉积氧化镍薄膜的研究
Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.005
A. Bouhank, Y. Bellal, H. Serrar
Antar Bouhank, Youcef. Bellal and Hacene Serrar 1. Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI) P.O. Box 64Cheraga, Algiers 16014, Algeria 2. Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering (LCPE), Faculty of technology, Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1 University, Setif 19000 Algeria Abstract: In this work, thin films of nickel oxide (NiO) were deposited by a simple and inexpensive technique, which is spray pyrolysis on ordinary glass substrates heated to a fixed temperature of 500 °C, from a solution containing nickel nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor dissolved in distilled water with deferent values of concentrations. The NiO thin films obtained were characterized to determine the structure with X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), the absorption domain (UV-Visible Spectroscopy), and the surface morphology (SEM). The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of NiO phase with preferential orientation along the (111) direction. The optical gap for nickel oxide calculated with a concentration of 0.1 M from the measurement of optical absorption is 3.6 eV, which is quite comparable to the value of the ratio.
Antar Bouhank,Youcef。Bellal和Hacene Serrar 1。阿尔及利亚阿尔及尔工业技术研究中心(CRTI)邮政信箱64Cheraga 16014 2。化学工艺工程实验室(LCPE),技术学院,Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1大学,Setif 19000阿尔及利亚摘要:在这项工作中,通过一种简单而廉价的技术沉积了氧化镍(NiO)薄膜,该技术是在加热到500°C的固定温度的普通玻璃基板上进行喷雾热解,从含有硝酸镍六水合物作为前体的溶液中以不同浓度值溶解在蒸馏水中。利用X射线衍射技术(XRD)、吸收域(UV-可见光谱)和表面形貌(SEM)对所获得的NiO薄膜进行了表征,以确定其结构。X射线衍射图证实了沿(111)方向具有优先取向的NiO相的存在。根据光学吸收的测量,以0.1M的浓度计算的氧化镍的光学间隙为3.6eV,这与该比率的值相当。
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引用次数: 1
Multidisciplinary Approach of a Didactic Strategy for the Second Year of High School 高二教学策略的多学科方法
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.02.005
María de los Ángeles Montiel Montoya
During the chemistry week, “A musical, literary, ecological and chemical show” was performed with the participation of students of 552 and 553 groups of the National Preparatory School of National Autonomous University of Mexico. The students had the opportunity to put into action some skills related to reading, research, playing musical instruments and performance. This document relates each activity with the subjects connected in a transversal way (Greco-Latin etymologies, biology IV, health science, universal literature), previous subjects (aesthetic and artistic education, Spanish literature, geography and history), later subjects (history and Iberoamerican and Mexican literature). This show achieved the symbiosis between natural and social sciences and art in an entertaining learning environment.
在化学周期间,墨西哥国立自治大学国家预备学校552和553个小组的学生参加了“音乐、文学、生态和化学表演”。学生们有机会将一些与阅读、研究、演奏乐器和表演有关的技能付诸实践。本文件将每项活动与横向联系的主题(希腊拉丁语词源、生物学IV、健康科学、通用文学)、以前的主题(美学和艺术教育、西班牙文学、地理和历史)、后来的主题(历史、伊比利亚-美洲和墨西哥文学)联系起来。该节目在一个有趣的学习环境中实现了自然科学、社会科学与艺术的共生。
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引用次数: 1
Eucalyptus oil-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles 桉树油介导的纳米金的合成
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.02.002
A. Thesing, J. Nascimento, R. Jacob, J. Ferreira
The search for efficient methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been widely explored. Within this context, the use of biological materials such as plants, algae, bacteria and fungi has been reported to various metal nanoparticles as an efficient, low-cost and environmental friendly approach. In this paper we present a single-step method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles, by using essential oils from Brazilian Eucalyptus leaves (urograndis and dunnii). The results strongly suggest that the presence of a stronger bioreducing agent, α-Terpinyl acetate, in the Eucalyptus urograndis, results in higher antioxidant capacity and hence in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with more controlled size distribution.
寻找合成金属纳米颗粒的有效方法已经被广泛探索。在这种背景下,植物、藻类、细菌和真菌等生物材料的使用已被报道为各种金属纳米颗粒的有效、低成本和环境友好的方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种用巴西桉树叶精油(乌兰迪斯和邓尼)合成金纳米颗粒的一步方法。结果强烈表明,在紫桉中存在更强的生物还原剂α-乙酸萜品酯,会导致更高的抗氧化能力,从而合成具有更可控尺寸分布的金纳米颗粒。
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引用次数: 1
Determination of Flow Velocities in Groundwaters by the Aid of Tracer Techniques 示踪技术测定地下水流速
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.02.001
C. Sebastián, J. Maguiña, Gerardo Maghella
The present paper, which is part of the implementation of the Project “Evaluation of the Groundwater Resources of Peru”, reports methodologies and techniques developed for on-site artificial tracer aided measurements of groundwater flow velocities. Horizontal flows are computed through labeling of the whole water column which is coated with a holed pipe in its entire length, below the piezometric level. Concentration monitoring inside the well, is performed prior to the experiment. The injection of a tracer in a borehole located in the influence area of the project, allowed the determination of velocity of ground water flow. The basis of the technique relates to the application of a relationship existing between the observed concentration decreases of a tracer solution released into the borehole. Changes in the position of the tracer as a function of time, allow us to draw some conclusions about the direction of flow as well. Satisfactory results show that techniques applied herein are cheap, simple and rapid methods for the determination of groundwater flow characteristics.
本文件是“秘鲁地下水资源评估”项目实施的一部分,报告了为现场人工示踪剂辅助测量地下水流速而开发的方法和技术。水平流量是通过对整个水柱进行标记来计算的,整个水柱在测压水位以下的整个长度上都有一个带孔的管道。在实验之前进行井内浓度监测。在项目影响区的钻孔中注入示踪剂,可以确定地下水的流速。该技术的基础涉及应用在观察到的释放到钻孔中的示踪剂溶液的浓度降低之间存在的关系。示踪剂位置随时间的变化也使我们能够得出一些关于流动方向的结论。令人满意的结果表明,本文所应用的技术是一种廉价、简单、快速的地下水流动特性测定方法。
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引用次数: 0
Reduction of Nitro Compounds, Through different Reaction Conditions (Combinatory Chemistry) 通过不同反应条件还原硝基化合物(组合化学)
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.02.004
F. Eva, Santos Santos Elvira, Suarez Torres Sara
In this work we intend to approach the study of the chemo-selectivity of a transformation on a polyfunctional compound. An example of how the result of a reaction depends on experimental conditions, different nitrated compounds reduction, will be shown. The reduction reaction was carried out under different conditions found in the literature; they were applied to 1,3-dinitrobenzene and to 4-nitroacetophenone. The reduction conditions were: Zn/NH4Cl, hydrazine and 10% Pd/C, NaBH4 and 10% Pd/C in water, Sn/HCl, NaBH4/ethanol, Na2Sx·9H2O-sulfur (0.2 g to 1.0 g) at different time periods. These reagents preferably affect one of the functional groups present. Key word: Reduction of nitro compounds.
在这项工作中,我们打算对多官能化合物转化的化学选择性进行研究。一个反应的结果如何取决于实验条件的例子,不同的硝化化合物还原,将被展示。还原反应在文献中发现的不同条件下进行;它们分别应用于1,3-二硝基苯和4-硝基苯乙酮。还原条件为:Zn/NH4Cl、肼和10% Pd/C、NaBH4和10% Pd/C在水、Sn/HCl、NaBH4/乙醇、Na2Sx·9h2o -硫(0.2 g ~ 1.0 g)中的还原条件。这些试剂最好影响存在的官能团之一。关键词:硝基化合物还原;
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引用次数: 1
Characterization of Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Flame Retardant Applications 阻燃用聚氨酯纳米复合材料的表征
Pub Date : 2018-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.02.003
Mena María Eugenia, Torres Luis Adolfo, E. Rodolfo
In recent years, polymer nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in materials science because they often exhibit a field of different properties from those of their counterpart polymer micro-composites whose matrices contain the same inorganic components. This novel polyurethane nanocomposite to reduce toxic gases was designed to improve the possibility to resolve several industrial and environmental problems after combustion as intoxication by inhalation. According to this, stoichiometry of rigid polyurethane foam was based on nonmetallic nanoparticles for fireproof applications. On the other hand, we realized synthesis and characterization for the novel polymer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray scattering were applied to collect information on the nanometer-scale physical structure of the polyurethane nanocomposite. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the internal nanostructure before and after combustion, as well as the gas chromatography coupled system with thermal desorption analysis (GC/MSD), to identify the chemical compositions and compounds resulted by the combustion gases generated of the polyurethane nanocomposites foams that can produce toxicity. In addition, the mechanical and flammability properties of rigid polyurethane were evaluated according to international standard test methods of burning of polymer for example using test ASTM D635. According to this, polymer nanocomposites for flammability, not only improves the fireproof properties, but can also improve others properties as can be mechanical and thermal stability providing it the potential to bring true applications to materials to take advantage of the synergies in the polymer matrix. Based on this evidence, nanopolyurethane could be a new and functional polymer for construction, automotive, or textile industries.
近年来,聚合物纳米复合材料在材料科学中引起了广泛的关注,因为它们往往表现出与基体含有相同无机成分的聚合物微复合材料不同的性能。这种新型的聚氨酯纳米复合材料可减少有毒气体,旨在提高解决燃烧后吸入中毒等工业和环境问题的可能性。据此,硬质聚氨酯泡沫的化学计量是基于非金属纳米颗粒的防火应用。另一方面,我们实现了新型聚合物的合成和表征,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线散射来收集聚氨酯纳米复合材料的纳米物理结构信息。此外,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)用于了解燃烧前后的内部纳米结构,以及具有热解吸分析的气相色谱耦合系统(GC/MSD),以确定聚氨酯纳米复合材料泡沫产生的燃烧气体产生的化学组成和化合物,这些气体会产生毒性。此外,根据聚合物燃烧的国际标准测试方法,例如使用测试ASTM D635,对刚性聚氨酯的机械性能和燃烧性能进行了评估。根据这一点,用于可燃性的聚合物纳米复合材料不仅可以提高防火性能,还可以提高其他性能,如机械和热稳定性,为利用聚合物基体中的协同作用为材料带来真正应用的潜力。基于这一证据,纳米聚氨酯可能是一种用于建筑、汽车或纺织行业的新型功能聚合物。
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引用次数: 2
Vibrational structure of selected compounds derived from biomass: lignin dimers, selected aldopentoses and aldohexoses 生物质衍生化合物的振动结构:木质素二聚体、醛缩戊糖和醛缩己糖
Pub Date : 2018-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.01.002
I. Czekaj, N. Sobuś
The production of chemicals from biomass is a very challenging process due to its diverse chemical composition. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are the three main biopolymers of wood biomass, with cell walls of plant origin. Lignin has been chosen for the present studies due to its range of different linkages and structures. The present work involved a computational study of the most dominant lignin dimers and their vibrational structures, based on the Density Functional Theory method. Full geometry optimization of the compartments used the StoBe code with cluster model and non-local functional (RPBE) approach. The calculations of the vibrational frequencies were performed with harmonic approximations as well as an anharmonicity fit in the Morse potential function, as implemented in the StoBe code. In the case of lignin, the calculations included three different precursors based on: coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. To represent the cellulose and hemicellulose derivatives, selected aldopentoses and aldohexoses (arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose, and mannose) were considered. Presented here are the theoretical investigations for a variety of biomass derived compounds, to give the possibility of obtaining a theoretical VBD (Vibrations Basis Database) for experimental spectra interpretation. Such a database could be further used in the preliminary composition assessment of biomass derived substrates, which will be discussed here in more detail.
由于生物质的化学成分多种多样,从生物质中生产化学品是一个非常具有挑战性的过程。木质素、纤维素和半纤维素是木材生物质的三种主要生物聚合物,具有植物来源的细胞壁。木质素由于其各种不同的连接和结构而被选择用于本研究。本工作基于密度泛函理论方法,对最主要的木质素二聚体及其振动结构进行了计算研究。隔间的全几何优化使用StoBe代码与聚类模型和非局部函数(RPBE)方法。振动频率的计算采用谐波近似以及Morse势函数中的非谐波拟合进行,如StoBe代码中所实现的。在木质素的情况下,计算包括三种不同的前体:香豆素醇、针叶树醇和芥子醇。为了代表纤维素和半纤维素衍生物,考虑了选定的醛糖戊糖和醛糖己糖(阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖)。本文介绍了对各种生物质衍生化合物的理论研究,以提供获得用于实验光谱解释的理论VBD(振动基础数据库)的可能性。这样的数据库可以进一步用于生物质衍生基质的初步组成评估,这将在这里进行更详细的讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Brain Chemistry of Hyper-information, Hyper-thinking and Hyper-consciousness 超信息、超思维和超意识的大脑化学
Pub Date : 2018-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.01.006
A. Yerkin, Nakisbekov Narymzhan, Bulenbaev Maxat, Alzhanuly Bakhytzhan
The authors propose a new approach to the theory of Spin-Boson and Spin-Fermion Topological Model of Consciousness. The authors have studied and proposed new concepts: hyper-information and hyper-thinking and hyper-consciousness.
作者对意识的自旋玻色子和自旋费米拓扑模型提出了一种新的理论方法。作者研究并提出了新的概念:超信息、超思维和超意识。
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引用次数: 0
Food Additives-Ascorbic Acid Quality Assay Test Intelligent Management 食品添加剂抗坏血酸质量检测检测智能化管理
Pub Date : 2018-01-28 DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2018.01.003
Hairui Zhang, Li Zhang, He-Lin Ye, Guo-Fu Zhang
In this paper, based on the analysis and test methods of national standards (GB14754-2010) and chemical analysis and test items carried out by chemical enterprises, a set of automatic processing of quality analysis test data of ascorbic acid products was developed by using access database technology and Visual Basic programming language system, and its stability was investigated. The results show that the software can manage intelligently all aspects of the quality analysis and test of ascorbic acid products, uploading timely the data and results of the analysis and inspection to the network and saving it for users, enterprises and quality management, which set up a network of information sharing platform to ensure the authenticity and reliability of measurement results, improving greatly the speed of data processing, saving valuable time, reducing production costs with good economic efficiency and social benefit. It has practical value for ascorbic acid quality analysis test data processing automatically the results of the implementation of intelligent management.
本文根据国家标准(GB14754-2010)的分析测试方法和化工企业进行的化学分析测试项目,利用access数据库技术和Visual Basic编程语言系统,开发了一套抗坏血酸产品质量分析测试数据的自动处理系统,并对其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,该软件可以智能化管理抗坏血酸产品质量分析和检测的各个环节,将分析检测的数据和结果及时上传到网络,并保存给用户、企业和质量管理部门,建立了一个信息共享平台网络,确保了测量结果的真实性和可靠性,大大提高了数据处理的速度,节省了宝贵的时间,降低了生产成本,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。它对抗坏血酸质量分析检测数据的自动处理结果的智能化管理的实现具有一定的实用价值。
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引用次数: 0
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