Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198956
Michael Owen‐Bellini, D. Sulas‐Kern, S. Spataru, H. North, Greg Perrin, P. Hacke
Current-voltage (IV) curve tracing and electroluminescence (EL) imaging have been developed for in-situ performance characterization of photovoltaic (PV) devices in a Xe lamp-based weathering chamber for combined-accelerated stress testing. The capability allows for progressive failure monitoring during accelerated ageing with dynamic control of the characterization environment (e.g. imaging at specific temperatures and mechanical stress levels). Both light and dark IV curve tracing are implemented with techniques to overcome light and temperature instability inherent to the chamber. A Raspberry Pi-connected camera with infra-red filter removed is used for EL imaging, providing a low-cost, small form-factor solution which is desirable for use in a harsh environment. The camera is installed within a thermally-isolated housing mounted within the climate chamber. Measurement and control are achieved via LabVIEW, where characterization is integrated as part of the test protocol and performed automatically.
{"title":"In-Situ Performance characterization of photovoltaic modules during combined-accelerated stress testing","authors":"Michael Owen‐Bellini, D. Sulas‐Kern, S. Spataru, H. North, Greg Perrin, P. Hacke","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198956","url":null,"abstract":"Current-voltage (IV) curve tracing and electroluminescence (EL) imaging have been developed for in-situ performance characterization of photovoltaic (PV) devices in a Xe lamp-based weathering chamber for combined-accelerated stress testing. The capability allows for progressive failure monitoring during accelerated ageing with dynamic control of the characterization environment (e.g. imaging at specific temperatures and mechanical stress levels). Both light and dark IV curve tracing are implemented with techniques to overcome light and temperature instability inherent to the chamber. A Raspberry Pi-connected camera with infra-red filter removed is used for EL imaging, providing a low-cost, small form-factor solution which is desirable for use in a harsh environment. The camera is installed within a thermally-isolated housing mounted within the climate chamber. Measurement and control are achieved via LabVIEW, where characterization is integrated as part of the test protocol and performed automatically.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311292
Aaron Wheeler, M. Leveille, I. Antón, A. Leilaeioun, S. Kurtz
A technical basis for measurement of the operating temperatures of PV modules in vehicle-integrated applications is explored. Convective and radiative heat transfer are modeled to elucidate the methodology. Data reported for sister modules mounted in an experimental black box and in the sun roof of a car show very similar temperatures. The box provides a uniform environment in the closed configuration but can be adjusted to explore a wider range of operating environments by opening or closing the sides and by insulating the back.
{"title":"Determining the Operating Temperature of Solar Panels on Vehicles","authors":"Aaron Wheeler, M. Leveille, I. Antón, A. Leilaeioun, S. Kurtz","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311292","url":null,"abstract":"A technical basis for measurement of the operating temperatures of PV modules in vehicle-integrated applications is explored. Convective and radiative heat transfer are modeled to elucidate the methodology. Data reported for sister modules mounted in an experimental black box and in the sun roof of a car show very similar temperatures. The box provides a uniform environment in the closed configuration but can be adjusted to explore a wider range of operating environments by opening or closing the sides and by insulating the back.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"3592-3597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76378070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198978
Y. Okuno, M. Yamaguchi, M. Imaizumi
The InGaP solar cell having superior high radiation resistance is expected to be a powerful candidate for a dosimeter under high radiation dose rate environment. Because the minority carrier diffusion length (L) is a factor determining the solar cell performance and L changes due to radiation damage, it is important to predict the detector performance based on the relationship between L and the absorbed dose. In this study, the effect of L on a radiation-induced current as a dose signal in InGaP solar cell is clarified by irradiation tests and empirical calculations. In order to estimate the L for InGaP solar cell, measuring the short-circuit current density (JSC) as a function of γ-ray dose rate is conducted. Based on the experimental results and the empirical formula of the relationship between L and JSC, the operational lifetime of the InGaP solar cell detector under various dose rate is estimated and is determined by the cumulative dose. The present result suggests the InGaP solar cell has high potential as a radiation resistant dosimeter for contributing to the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
{"title":"Application to radiation dosimeter by using γ-ray induced current in InGaP solar cells","authors":"Y. Okuno, M. Yamaguchi, M. Imaizumi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198978","url":null,"abstract":"The InGaP solar cell having superior high radiation resistance is expected to be a powerful candidate for a dosimeter under high radiation dose rate environment. Because the minority carrier diffusion length (L) is a factor determining the solar cell performance and L changes due to radiation damage, it is important to predict the detector performance based on the relationship between L and the absorbed dose. In this study, the effect of L on a radiation-induced current as a dose signal in InGaP solar cell is clarified by irradiation tests and empirical calculations. In order to estimate the L for InGaP solar cell, measuring the short-circuit current density (JSC) as a function of γ-ray dose rate is conducted. Based on the experimental results and the empirical formula of the relationship between L and JSC, the operational lifetime of the InGaP solar cell detector under various dose rate is estimated and is determined by the cumulative dose. The present result suggests the InGaP solar cell has high potential as a radiation resistant dosimeter for contributing to the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"118 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77294065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198987
Chase M. Hansen, D. Unruh, G. Zimányi
The efficiency of Nanoparticle (NP) solar cells has grown impressively in recent years, reaching 13.6%. However, the carrier mobility in NP solar cells remains low, thus critically limiting their performance. Therefore, understanding carrier transport in NP solids is important to further improve the overall efficiency of NP PV technology. However, it is technically challenging to simulate experimental scale samples, as physical processes from atomic to mesoscopic scales all crucially impact transport. Here, we report the development of TRIDENS: the TRansport In Defected Nanoparticle Solids Simulator, for Nanoparticle Solar Cells, to capture the physics from all relevant lengths scales.
{"title":"TRIDENS: TRansport In DEfected Nanoparticle Solids Simulator for Nanoparticle Solar Cells","authors":"Chase M. Hansen, D. Unruh, G. Zimányi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198987","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of Nanoparticle (NP) solar cells has grown impressively in recent years, reaching 13.6%. However, the carrier mobility in NP solar cells remains low, thus critically limiting their performance. Therefore, understanding carrier transport in NP solids is important to further improve the overall efficiency of NP PV technology. However, it is technically challenging to simulate experimental scale samples, as physical processes from atomic to mesoscopic scales all crucially impact transport. Here, we report the development of TRIDENS: the TRansport In Defected Nanoparticle Solids Simulator, for Nanoparticle Solar Cells, to capture the physics from all relevant lengths scales.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"191 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77628525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198966
Phillip Jahelka, H. Atwater
The efficiency of substrate-removed GaAs nanowire solar cells can be increased to over 32% by borrowing processes and materials from GaAs MOSFETs and perovskite photovoltaics. Photogenerated carriers fundamentally limit the performance of off-wafer homojunction devices to less than 15% efficiency by creating low resistance pathways for minority carriers to recombine at ohmic contacts. We report the results of coupled optoelectronic device physics simulations of GaAs nanowire homojunction solar cells and GaAs nanocone heterojunction solar cells where SnO2 and CuSCN are used for charge carrier collection. Our simulations include realistic recombination models for bulk and surface recombination. We find the optimal design is a radial junction with moderately p-type GaAs. Densities of states previously demonstrated in GaAs MOSFETs enable efficiencies greater than 30%.
{"title":"Non-Epitaxial GaAs Heterojunction Nanowire Solar Cells (PVSC)","authors":"Phillip Jahelka, H. Atwater","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198966","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of substrate-removed GaAs nanowire solar cells can be increased to over 32% by borrowing processes and materials from GaAs MOSFETs and perovskite photovoltaics. Photogenerated carriers fundamentally limit the performance of off-wafer homojunction devices to less than 15% efficiency by creating low resistance pathways for minority carriers to recombine at ohmic contacts. We report the results of coupled optoelectronic device physics simulations of GaAs nanowire homojunction solar cells and GaAs nanocone heterojunction solar cells where SnO2 and CuSCN are used for charge carrier collection. Our simulations include realistic recombination models for bulk and surface recombination. We find the optimal design is a radial junction with moderately p-type GaAs. Densities of states previously demonstrated in GaAs MOSFETs enable efficiencies greater than 30%.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198982
E. Looney, L. Haohui, Zekun Ren, T. Buonassisi, I. M. Peters
High-throughput testing of solar modules to accurately predict energy yield (EY) is increasingly important as more of the power grid runs on photovoltaics (PV). Modules are sold based on power ratings measured under standard testing conditions, not fully considering environmental conditions of the real world. In this work, we use the k-means algorithm to extract the best representative conditions of the environment that minimizes error in EY. The work presented here is a fully scoped proof-of-concept demonstrated on a year of spectral data clustered and analyzed for every month of 2017 in Boulder, Colorado. Preliminary results demonstrate a decrease in 5 percent relative error in energy yield predictions between one standard testing condition and up to seven clusters found with this method. This can be generalized to more locations around the world as a powerful tool for EY estimation. These results demonstrate the capacity for high throughput, accurate EY prediction using clustered conditions.
{"title":"Machine Learning-based Classification of Spectral Conditions for High-Throughput Indoor Testing of Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"E. Looney, L. Haohui, Zekun Ren, T. Buonassisi, I. M. Peters","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198982","url":null,"abstract":"High-throughput testing of solar modules to accurately predict energy yield (EY) is increasingly important as more of the power grid runs on photovoltaics (PV). Modules are sold based on power ratings measured under standard testing conditions, not fully considering environmental conditions of the real world. In this work, we use the k-means algorithm to extract the best representative conditions of the environment that minimizes error in EY. The work presented here is a fully scoped proof-of-concept demonstrated on a year of spectral data clustered and analyzed for every month of 2017 in Boulder, Colorado. Preliminary results demonstrate a decrease in 5 percent relative error in energy yield predictions between one standard testing condition and up to seven clusters found with this method. This can be generalized to more locations around the world as a powerful tool for EY estimation. These results demonstrate the capacity for high throughput, accurate EY prediction using clustered conditions.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83823019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198962
Anne-Claire Le Henaff, Wei He, T. Buonassisi, A. Winter, I. M. Peters
Although brackish groundwater desalination is a promising solution to water scarcity in rural India, powering desalination systems in remote locations where grid power is not reliable remains an issue due to the high upfront cost of solar panels and batteries. This paper focuses on photovoltaic electrodialysis (PV-ED) desalination and proposes novel, flexible operation modes to integrate more efficiently the time-dependent solar power with the ED load, and replace energy storage in batteries by water storage in tanks. By first defining an irradiance-dependent desalination schedule, and further on extending the system flexibility to adjust in real-time the system power consumption, a better matching between the energy supply and demand is proposed that directly converts solar energy into water and potentially eliminates battery needs. Coupled with a system-level optimization of the desalination and power modules, operating with a flexible schedule leads 42% capital cost reduction compared to PV-ED systems conventionally designed. Additional cost reductions are anticipated from the fully-flexible operation with close to 90% of the solar energy directly used by the system, which is twice as much as the level achieved by binary on/off control in the optimal configuration.
{"title":"Flexible operation of photovoltaic electrodialysis (PV-ED) low-cost community-scale desalination systems","authors":"Anne-Claire Le Henaff, Wei He, T. Buonassisi, A. Winter, I. M. Peters","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198962","url":null,"abstract":"Although brackish groundwater desalination is a promising solution to water scarcity in rural India, powering desalination systems in remote locations where grid power is not reliable remains an issue due to the high upfront cost of solar panels and batteries. This paper focuses on photovoltaic electrodialysis (PV-ED) desalination and proposes novel, flexible operation modes to integrate more efficiently the time-dependent solar power with the ED load, and replace energy storage in batteries by water storage in tanks. By first defining an irradiance-dependent desalination schedule, and further on extending the system flexibility to adjust in real-time the system power consumption, a better matching between the energy supply and demand is proposed that directly converts solar energy into water and potentially eliminates battery needs. Coupled with a system-level optimization of the desalination and power modules, operating with a flexible schedule leads 42% capital cost reduction compared to PV-ED systems conventionally designed. Additional cost reductions are anticipated from the fully-flexible operation with close to 90% of the solar energy directly used by the system, which is twice as much as the level achieved by binary on/off control in the optimal configuration.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"232 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76221765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198954
T. Moriarty, Tao Song, C. Osterwald
Photovoltaic devices are characterized under standard testing conditions that include a defined reference spectrum and total irradiance. International standards for reference cell calibrations require that reported reference cell response (typically Isc) vs. total irradiance must be linear. How can linearity be efficiently determined? In 2006 NREL developed a test bed, based on the "two-lamp method" that provided a low cost, but low accuracy method for determining whether cell response was linear with irradiance. This paper describes very simple changes to NREL's historical method [1] for determining linearity that yield greatly improved results. It also describes a method that can be used to quantify and correct for non-linearity.
{"title":"NREL's Improved Linearity Testing of Photovoltaic Reference Cells","authors":"T. Moriarty, Tao Song, C. Osterwald","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198954","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic devices are characterized under standard testing conditions that include a defined reference spectrum and total irradiance. International standards for reference cell calibrations require that reported reference cell response (typically Isc) vs. total irradiance must be linear. How can linearity be efficiently determined? In 2006 NREL developed a test bed, based on the \"two-lamp method\" that provided a low cost, but low accuracy method for determining whether cell response was linear with irradiance. This paper describes very simple changes to NREL's historical method [1] for determining linearity that yield greatly improved results. It also describes a method that can be used to quantify and correct for non-linearity.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"277 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198977
Enrica Leccisi, V. Fthenakis
This paper investigates the most commonly proposed organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) architectures in terms of their potential life-cycle environmental impacts. We critically review the validity of assumptions and the results of previously published studies. As great challenges remain in scaling up devices from laboratory scale to large-area module manufacturing, we focus this investigation on materials and processes that have a good scalability potential and minimum possible environmental footprints. Thus, we calculate and compare PSC prospective environmental life-cycle impacts in terms of global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) while assessing the scalability of associated manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Critical Review of Perovskite Photovoltaic Life Cycle Environmental Impact Studies","authors":"Enrica Leccisi, V. Fthenakis","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198977","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the most commonly proposed organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) architectures in terms of their potential life-cycle environmental impacts. We critically review the validity of assumptions and the results of previously published studies. As great challenges remain in scaling up devices from laboratory scale to large-area module manufacturing, we focus this investigation on materials and processes that have a good scalability potential and minimum possible environmental footprints. Thus, we calculate and compare PSC prospective environmental life-cycle impacts in terms of global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) while assessing the scalability of associated manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83113165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311291
V. Achard, S. Béchu, M. Balestrieri, M. Bouttemy, M. Jubault, A. Etcheberry, D. Lincot, F. Donsanti
One of the key parameters to achieve high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is the proper control of Ga grading. From previous results, by using bulk material characterization, a first assessment of the CIGS growth on polyimide foils at low temperature was performed. Moreover, a maximum efficiency of 17.8% has been achieved with steep Ga grading. Here, a first step to the establishment of a growth model of CIGS grown at low temperature is proposed by coupling surface and volume characterization. Then, simulation of the photovoltaic performances of the cell is used to complete experimental observations and to explain the beneficial effect of steep Ga grading.
{"title":"Analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 grading evolution during low deposition temperature co-evaporation process by GD-OES and XPS measurements. Impact on solar cell performances and modelling","authors":"V. Achard, S. Béchu, M. Balestrieri, M. Bouttemy, M. Jubault, A. Etcheberry, D. Lincot, F. Donsanti","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9311291","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key parameters to achieve high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is the proper control of Ga grading. From previous results, by using bulk material characterization, a first assessment of the CIGS growth on polyimide foils at low temperature was performed. Moreover, a maximum efficiency of 17.8% has been achieved with steep Ga grading. Here, a first step to the establishment of a growth model of CIGS grown at low temperature is proposed by coupling surface and volume characterization. Then, simulation of the photovoltaic performances of the cell is used to complete experimental observations and to explain the beneficial effect of steep Ga grading.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"164 1","pages":"3612-3618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77772822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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