Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300987
M. Dhanasekar, S. V. Bhat
We report the preparation of device quality CZTS films by dip coating of a highly stable precursor solution followed by annealing at very low temperature of only 100°C.We also demonstrate that, the films can be used to make simple CZTS-CdS heterojunction based efficient solar cells. Initial devices with aluminium top contacts showed the best photovoltaic performance reported for this type of devices with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.73%. In addition to fully avoiding the sulphurization/selenization step and the toxic solvents, our method to deposit the kesterite functional layer has added advantages of exceptional stability of the molecular precursor and the ultra-low temperature of processing suitable for various flexible optoelectronics applications at large scale.
{"title":"Low-temperature, solution processed device quality CZTS film for efficient heterojunction solar cells","authors":"M. Dhanasekar, S. V. Bhat","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300987","url":null,"abstract":"We report the preparation of device quality CZTS films by dip coating of a highly stable precursor solution followed by annealing at very low temperature of only 100°C.We also demonstrate that, the films can be used to make simple CZTS-CdS heterojunction based efficient solar cells. Initial devices with aluminium top contacts showed the best photovoltaic performance reported for this type of devices with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.73%. In addition to fully avoiding the sulphurization/selenization step and the toxic solvents, our method to deposit the kesterite functional layer has added advantages of exceptional stability of the molecular precursor and the ultra-low temperature of processing suitable for various flexible optoelectronics applications at large scale.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9301027
S. Nie, Yan Zhu, O. Kunz, H. Kampwerth, T. Trupke, Z. Hameiri
Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is a powerful inspection technique for research laboratories and production lines. It is used for a wide range of applications across the entire manufacturing chain from bricks and ingots to modules. However, common PL imaging systems have three main limitations: (a) Due to the uniform illumination, the acquired images are affected by lateral carrier flow, resulting in image blurring; (b) sample's nonuniformity is measured at different injection levels; and (c) images are taken at room temperatures, although there is valuable information in temperature-dependent measurements. In this paper we present a novel temperature-dependent PL imaging system that is not affected by lateral balancing currents. By adaptively adjusting the light intensity at each pixel, we set a uniform excess carrier density across the sample. Hence, the lateral currents are eliminated. The non-uniformity of the material's electrical properties and temperature characteristics can then be extracted from the excitation image. The advantages of the proposed system are demonstrated using mono and multicrystalline silicon wafers. This novel approach presents a significant improvement in accuracy and resolution compared to conventional PL imaging techniques and is therefore, expected to be beneficial for any PL-based quantitative analysis.
{"title":"Temperature-dependent Photoluminescence Imaging using Non-uniform Excitation","authors":"S. Nie, Yan Zhu, O. Kunz, H. Kampwerth, T. Trupke, Z. Hameiri","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9301027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9301027","url":null,"abstract":"Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is a powerful inspection technique for research laboratories and production lines. It is used for a wide range of applications across the entire manufacturing chain from bricks and ingots to modules. However, common PL imaging systems have three main limitations: (a) Due to the uniform illumination, the acquired images are affected by lateral carrier flow, resulting in image blurring; (b) sample's nonuniformity is measured at different injection levels; and (c) images are taken at room temperatures, although there is valuable information in temperature-dependent measurements. In this paper we present a novel temperature-dependent PL imaging system that is not affected by lateral balancing currents. By adaptively adjusting the light intensity at each pixel, we set a uniform excess carrier density across the sample. Hence, the lateral currents are eliminated. The non-uniformity of the material's electrical properties and temperature characteristics can then be extracted from the excitation image. The advantages of the proposed system are demonstrated using mono and multicrystalline silicon wafers. This novel approach presents a significant improvement in accuracy and resolution compared to conventional PL imaging techniques and is therefore, expected to be beneficial for any PL-based quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84777086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300678
I. Slauch, M. Deceglie, T. Silverman, V. Ferry
Parasitic absorption in photovoltaic modules is a major source of waste heat, which drives operating temperatures 20-30K above ambient. Spectrally-selective sub-bandgap reflection can reduce parasitic absorption, thereby improving module efficiency and power output. Here, we investigate the performance of 1-D spectrally-selective mirrors in monofacial Al BSF and PERC modules, and bifacial PERC modules. In monofacial modules, these mirrors offer >1.2% increase in energy yield compared to single-layer anti-reflection coatings, while cooling by over 1K on average. Mirrors reduced bifacial module parasitic absorption by up to 34 W/m2 out of 1240 W/m2 incident.
{"title":"Modeling Spectrally-Selective Reflection for Thermal Management in Monofacial and Bifacial Modules","authors":"I. Slauch, M. Deceglie, T. Silverman, V. Ferry","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300678","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic absorption in photovoltaic modules is a major source of waste heat, which drives operating temperatures 20-30K above ambient. Spectrally-selective sub-bandgap reflection can reduce parasitic absorption, thereby improving module efficiency and power output. Here, we investigate the performance of 1-D spectrally-selective mirrors in monofacial Al BSF and PERC modules, and bifacial PERC modules. In monofacial modules, these mirrors offer >1.2% increase in energy yield compared to single-layer anti-reflection coatings, while cooling by over 1K on average. Mirrors reduced bifacial module parasitic absorption by up to 34 W/m2 out of 1240 W/m2 incident.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300901
D. Sulas‐Kern, S. Johnston, Michael Owen‐Bellini, K. Terwilliger, J. Meydbray, Laura Spinella, Archana Sinha, L. Schelhas, D. Jordan
Fast, non-destructive, outdoor-compatible methods for photovoltaic module characterization are essential for monitoring module quality without disrupting energy production. UV-fluorescence (UVF) imaging of the encapsulant layer can be used for solar cell crack detection in the field. We show that UVF patterns vary widely between modules and types of applied stress. We propose that combining accelerated stress testing (e.g. thermal cycling and damp heat) with field investigations can help build understanding of different types of UVF and the rates of UVF formation and quenching. Ultimately, further understanding could enable estimating the age and propagation rates of cracks.
{"title":"UV-Fluorescence Imaging of Silicon PV Modules After Outdoor Aging and Accelerated Stress Testing","authors":"D. Sulas‐Kern, S. Johnston, Michael Owen‐Bellini, K. Terwilliger, J. Meydbray, Laura Spinella, Archana Sinha, L. Schelhas, D. Jordan","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300901","url":null,"abstract":"Fast, non-destructive, outdoor-compatible methods for photovoltaic module characterization are essential for monitoring module quality without disrupting energy production. UV-fluorescence (UVF) imaging of the encapsulant layer can be used for solar cell crack detection in the field. We show that UVF patterns vary widely between modules and types of applied stress. We propose that combining accelerated stress testing (e.g. thermal cycling and damp heat) with field investigations can help build understanding of different types of UVF and the rates of UVF formation and quenching. Ultimately, further understanding could enable estimating the age and propagation rates of cracks.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88574691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300548
Akash Shah, A. Nicholson, A. Thiyagarajan, W. Sampath
A computational study on cadmium telluride (CdTe) (111)/(220) grain boundary was performed using a first-principles approach. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment of CdTe based solar cells has proven to be highly beneficial for device performance. Published literature suggests incorporation of chlorine at Te site (ClTe) in CdTe grain boundaries. Density Functional Theory was therefore used to identify the mechanisms responsible for enhancing CdTe device performance after CdCl2 treatment. The computational model explains the formation of local p-n-p junctions through field effect passivation after inclusion of ClTe, which significantly improves CdTe device performance by mitigating recombination at the interface.
{"title":"First Principles assisted modeling to understand Chlorine passivation of CdTe grain boundary","authors":"Akash Shah, A. Nicholson, A. Thiyagarajan, W. Sampath","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300548","url":null,"abstract":"A computational study on cadmium telluride (CdTe) (111)/(220) grain boundary was performed using a first-principles approach. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treatment of CdTe based solar cells has proven to be highly beneficial for device performance. Published literature suggests incorporation of chlorine at Te site (ClTe) in CdTe grain boundaries. Density Functional Theory was therefore used to identify the mechanisms responsible for enhancing CdTe device performance after CdCl2 treatment. The computational model explains the formation of local p-n-p junctions through field effect passivation after inclusion of ClTe, which significantly improves CdTe device performance by mitigating recombination at the interface.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88703089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9301012
L. Schelhas, Michael Owen‐Bellini, S. Moffitt, Ashley M. Maes, James Y. Hartley, Todd Karin, Donald R. Jenket, Archana Sinha, J. Tracy, David C. Miller, P. Hacke
As the lifetime of photovoltaic modules increases toward the goal of 50 years, accelerated stress testing is critical to assessing the viability of newer, improved, and often cheaper materials in the field. However, the validation of accelerated testing to reproduce field failure has remained elusive. The recent developments of more advanced stress testing protocols utilizing sequential and combined stressors have provided another opportunity for validation. Using a suite of mechanical, chemical, and structural characterization methods we report the development of our approach using a known bad backsheet “AAA.” We then apply this approach to PVDF-based backsheets to further confirm the generalizability of this approach. The outcome of this work is two-fold: (1) validation of advanced accelerated testing protocols which will enable the prediction of field failures in new materials, and (2) deeper insights into the degradation mechanisms observed through the extensive characterization allowing for improved materials engineering and development.
{"title":"Towards Validation of Advanced Accelerated Stress Testing Protocols through Failure Analysis and Materials Characterization","authors":"L. Schelhas, Michael Owen‐Bellini, S. Moffitt, Ashley M. Maes, James Y. Hartley, Todd Karin, Donald R. Jenket, Archana Sinha, J. Tracy, David C. Miller, P. Hacke","doi":"10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9301012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9301012","url":null,"abstract":"As the lifetime of photovoltaic modules increases toward the goal of 50 years, accelerated stress testing is critical to assessing the viability of newer, improved, and often cheaper materials in the field. However, the validation of accelerated testing to reproduce field failure has remained elusive. The recent developments of more advanced stress testing protocols utilizing sequential and combined stressors have provided another opportunity for validation. Using a suite of mechanical, chemical, and structural characterization methods we report the development of our approach using a known bad backsheet “AAA.” We then apply this approach to PVDF-based backsheets to further confirm the generalizability of this approach. The outcome of this work is two-fold: (1) validation of advanced accelerated testing protocols which will enable the prediction of field failures in new materials, and (2) deeper insights into the degradation mechanisms observed through the extensive characterization allowing for improved materials engineering and development.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84693891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487
S. Krauter, Lin Zhang
Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then – due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch–on and –off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management indicator to lower specific CO2-emssions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite low ($r=0.155$) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti–correlation $(r=-0.687)$ between the EEX–prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good ($r=0.665$), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn't exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants that even operate at negative prices.
{"title":"Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share of renewable, and CO2—contents in the German electricity grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand—Side—Management","authors":"S. Krauter, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then – due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch–on and –off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management indicator to lower specific CO2-emssions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite low ($r=0.155$) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti–correlation $(r=-0.687)$ between the EEX–prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good ($r=0.665$), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn't exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants that even operate at negative prices.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84815633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300934
Archana Sinha, S. Moffitt, K. Hurst, Jiadong Qian, David C. Miller, P. Hacke, L. Schelhas
Degradation from high system voltage is a prevailing failure mode in fielded photovoltaic modules, and the degradation mechanism is inherently dependent on the bias polarity. Here we report the effects of positive bias. Modules under positive bias demonstrated a significant photocurrent loss caused by two routes. First, delamination and discoloration of the silicon nitride layer, leading to optical loss determined by reflectance measurements. Second, chemical discoloration of the cell gridlines and encapsulant (EVA), which is linked to an electrochemical reaction at the silver electrodes. Chemical compositional analysis using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy demonstrated that the discoloration is attributed to Ag2S and/or Ag2O. Evidence of Ag ion migration from the cell grid into the encapsulant is observed after shallow depth profiling on the EVA surface. However, Ag was not detected at the EVA/glass interface, inferring limited Ag ion transport through the EVA. The source of sulfur is believed to be ambient air, which diffused into the module through the breathable backsheet.
{"title":"Interfacial Characterization of Positive Bias Voltage Degradation in PV Modules","authors":"Archana Sinha, S. Moffitt, K. Hurst, Jiadong Qian, David C. Miller, P. Hacke, L. Schelhas","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300934","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation from high system voltage is a prevailing failure mode in fielded photovoltaic modules, and the degradation mechanism is inherently dependent on the bias polarity. Here we report the effects of positive bias. Modules under positive bias demonstrated a significant photocurrent loss caused by two routes. First, delamination and discoloration of the silicon nitride layer, leading to optical loss determined by reflectance measurements. Second, chemical discoloration of the cell gridlines and encapsulant (EVA), which is linked to an electrochemical reaction at the silver electrodes. Chemical compositional analysis using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy demonstrated that the discoloration is attributed to Ag2S and/or Ag2O. Evidence of Ag ion migration from the cell grid into the encapsulant is observed after shallow depth profiling on the EVA surface. However, Ag was not detected at the EVA/glass interface, inferring limited Ag ion transport through the EVA. The source of sulfur is believed to be ambient air, which diffused into the module through the breathable backsheet.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86660620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300925
S. Tay
With increased global activity in solar photovoltaic research, manufacturing and deployment, a corresponding increase in professionals is needed, especially in Asia where most of the growth is. Hence, it is crucial to engage students to instill interest and future participation in the industry. This study explores the efficacy of a story-telling approach as an educational method to instill interest. An entire preadolescent Primary 6 cohort of 218 students in a local primary school was engaged. It was found that there was a statistical significance (p-value < 0.05) in the efficacy of the story-telling approach.
{"title":"An Asian case study on the effectiveness of a storytelling approach on solar PV career aspirations of preadolescent students","authors":"S. Tay","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300925","url":null,"abstract":"With increased global activity in solar photovoltaic research, manufacturing and deployment, a corresponding increase in professionals is needed, especially in Asia where most of the growth is. Hence, it is crucial to engage students to instill interest and future participation in the industry. This study explores the efficacy of a story-telling approach as an educational method to instill interest. An entire preadolescent Primary 6 cohort of 218 students in a local primary school was engaged. It was found that there was a statistical significance (p-value < 0.05) in the efficacy of the story-telling approach.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86692664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300691
S. Mil'shtein, D. Asthana, J. Scheminger, S. Hummer
The efficient operation of companies distributing electricity is characterized by stable control of power in a grid. Integration of clean energy producers such as solar cells and wind turbine farms significantly complicate the mitigation of intermittent generation. Lengths of a sunny day, appearance/ disappearance of sun in clouds, changing speed and direction of wind complicate significantly the control of load stability in the grid. In current study, we describe a mini scale, I kW system comprising of solar panels and wind turbine. The uniqueness of our design consists of solar panels equipped with capability of tracking/ anti-tracking the position and the amount of energy coming from the sun, our system will increase the duration of the sunny day by 30% regardless of geographical location. On MWatt commercial wind turbines, tracking/anti-tracking could be done by changing angle of attack of blades. The most important factor in our design is programmable control algorithm synchronizing simultaneous production of energy by both components of the system especially during extremely windy conditions. The major commands for control of the combined clean energy system would be provided by the operator of the grid system. We will discuss design of unified solar/wind system integrated with grid, where programmable tracking/anti-tracking control is used.
{"title":"Energy Production by Solar Tracking/ Anti-tracking Combined with Wind Turbine","authors":"S. Mil'shtein, D. Asthana, J. Scheminger, S. Hummer","doi":"10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300691","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient operation of companies distributing electricity is characterized by stable control of power in a grid. Integration of clean energy producers such as solar cells and wind turbine farms significantly complicate the mitigation of intermittent generation. Lengths of a sunny day, appearance/ disappearance of sun in clouds, changing speed and direction of wind complicate significantly the control of load stability in the grid. In current study, we describe a mini scale, I kW system comprising of solar panels and wind turbine. The uniqueness of our design consists of solar panels equipped with capability of tracking/ anti-tracking the position and the amount of energy coming from the sun, our system will increase the duration of the sunny day by 30% regardless of geographical location. On MWatt commercial wind turbines, tracking/anti-tracking could be done by changing angle of attack of blades. The most important factor in our design is programmable control algorithm synchronizing simultaneous production of energy by both components of the system especially during extremely windy conditions. The major commands for control of the combined clean energy system would be provided by the operator of the grid system. We will discuss design of unified solar/wind system integrated with grid, where programmable tracking/anti-tracking control is used.","PeriodicalId":6773,"journal":{"name":"2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90816849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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