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2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)最新文献

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Localization of defects in solar cells using luminescence images and deep learning 基于发光图像和深度学习的太阳能电池缺陷定位
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518702
Zubair Abdullah‐Vetter, Yoann Buratti, P. Dwivedi, A. Sowmya, T. Trupke, Z. Hameiri
Defect detection is a critical aspect of assuring the quality and reliability of silicon solar cells and modules. Luminescence imaging has been widely adopted as a fast method for analyzing photovoltaic devices and detecting faults. However, visual inspection of luminescence images is too slow for the expected manufacturing throughput. In this study, we propose a deep learning approach that identifies and localizes defects in electroluminescence images. Images are split into 16 tiles prior to training and treated as separate images for classification. The classified tiles provide both defect labels and their positions within the cell. We demonstrate the use of this novel approach to replace visual inspection of luminescence images in photovoltaic manufacturing lines to achieve fast and accurate defect detection.
缺陷检测是保证硅太阳能电池和组件质量和可靠性的关键环节。发光成像作为一种快速分析光伏器件和检测故障的方法已被广泛采用。然而,发光图像的目视检测对于预期的制造吞吐量来说太慢了。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种深度学习方法来识别和定位电致发光图像中的缺陷。图像在训练前被分成16块,作为单独的图像进行分类。分类瓦片提供缺陷标签和它们在单元中的位置。我们演示了使用这种新方法来取代光伏生产线上发光图像的视觉检测,以实现快速准确的缺陷检测。
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引用次数: 1
Behaviour of half-cell modules regarding inhomogeneous irradiance on the rear-face 后表面辐照度不均匀时半电池组件的行为
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518487
Francisco Araya, H. Colin
Half-cell modules are claimed to offer advantages over full cell modules due to reduced resistive losses and a better behavior regarding shading. For bifacial modules of this kind, inhomogeneity of the rear side irradiance, due to their environment, is investigated in order to be well representative in a simulation tool, developed at INES, dedicated to bifacial PV. The tool relies on a ray tracing optical model, enabling the calculation of the rear irradiance on each cell, and an electrical model, calculating the resulting IV curve of each cell. Some experiments have been conducted on specific modules to assess the quality of simulation (of both of the models), in normal and shadowed configurations, and its ability to reflect the mismatch of performance within the cells. Present results are promising: good accuracy is obtained on rather cloudy days, but for clear days further improvements and experimental validation are required to better take into account the real rear irradiance received on each cell.
据称,由于减少了电阻损耗和更好的遮光性能,半电池模块比全电池模块具有优势。对于这种双面模块,由于其环境,背面辐照度的不均匀性进行了研究,以便在INES开发的专门用于双面PV的模拟工具中具有很好的代表性。该工具依赖于光线追踪光学模型,能够计算每个电池的后方辐照度,以及电模型,计算每个电池的最终IV曲线。在特定模块上进行了一些实验,以评估在正常和阴影配置下(两种模型)的模拟质量,以及其反映单元内性能不匹配的能力。目前的结果是有希望的:在相当多云的日子里获得了良好的准确性,但在晴朗的日子里,需要进一步改进和实验验证,以更好地考虑到每个电池接收到的实际后方辐照度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating cell temperature models and the effect of wind speed in PV system capacity testing 评估电池温度模型和风速对光伏系统容量测试的影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9519077
Kevin Anderson, J. Kemnitz, Matthew Boyd
Capacity testing is a routine procedure for assessing a photovoltaic system’s performance relative to expectations. The most common test method involves fitting a regression model that predicts system output power using operating weather conditions including wind speed. Structural modifications to the regression model to incorporate wind in different ways improved the model’s ability to fit measured system performance, but the observed improvements were small and unlikely to change the result of a capacity test. However, the results showed that the choice of reporting wind speed and inclusion or exclusion of wind speed in the performance model used as the test benchmark can significantly change the test result.
容量测试是评估光伏系统相对于预期性能的常规程序。最常见的测试方法包括拟合一个回归模型,该模型使用包括风速在内的运行天气条件来预测系统输出功率。对回归模型进行结构修改,以不同方式纳入风,提高了模型拟合测量系统性能的能力,但观察到的改进很小,不太可能改变容量测试的结果。然而,结果表明,在作为测试基准的性能模型中,报告风速的选择和风速的包含或排除都会显著改变测试结果。
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引用次数: 1
Finite Element Analysis Model of a PV module for Thermal Assessment 光伏组件热评估的有限元分析模型
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518879
Karan Rane, Navni N. Verma, Ardeshir Contractor, N. Shiradkar
This paper describes the procedure to build a finite element (FE) model for computation of module temperature distribution for given irradiance, wind speed, and ambient temperature. Temperature calculation using the Sandia model and the temperature computation using a physics based model assuming constant heat transfer coefficient are compared with the results obtained using a multiphysics solver. The multiphysics based model was found to closely match the mean field measurement. Such a model can be useful to accurately quantify the benefits in energy yield achieved through cooling of the module due to new bill of material components such as conductive backsheets under various field conditions.
本文介绍了在给定辐照度、风速和环境温度条件下,建立计算模块温度分布的有限元模型的过程。将采用Sandia模型计算的温度与采用物理模型计算的恒定传热系数的温度与采用多物理场求解器计算的温度进行了比较。发现基于多物理场的模型与平均场测量结果非常吻合。这样的模型可以准确地量化由于在各种现场条件下使用新的材料清单组件(如导电背板)而通过冷却模块所获得的能量收益。
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引用次数: 0
Field Performance Evaluation of the Largest Rooftop PV Project in the Middle East 中东地区最大的屋顶光伏项目现场性能评估
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518787
H. A. Roy, Aysha Alremeithi, Mohammad Atyani, Mario Farina, A. Alnuaimi
Evaluation of field performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial to ensure efficiency and reliability during operational lifetime of the PV plant. This is particularly significant for utility-scale PV projects considering the technical and economic consequences of performance degradation. The study evaluates the performance of two photovoltaic systems which form a part of the largest PV rooftop installation in the Middle East. The IEC 61724 standard provides the framework to gather, organize and effectively analyze the field data.
光伏发电系统的现场性能评估是确保光伏电站在使用寿命期间的效率和可靠性的关键。考虑到性能下降的技术和经济后果,这对公用事业规模的光伏项目尤其重要。该研究评估了两个光伏系统的性能,这两个系统构成了中东最大的光伏屋顶安装的一部分。IEC 61724标准提供了收集、组织和有效分析现场数据的框架。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying the solar impacts of wildfire smoke in western North America 量化北美西部野火烟雾的太阳影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518440
P. Keelin, A. Kubiniec, A. Bhat, Marc J. R. Perez, J. Dise, R. Perez, J. Schlemmer
2020 was the most active wildfire season in recent history. This study leverages solar models to quantify the solar impacts of wildfire smoke in western North America 2001 – November 2020. We observe a sharp increase in the number of days impacted by aerosol events. Record deviations in clear sky DNI are found at the Hanford, CA, Boulder, CO, and Desert Rock, NV study locations. Total sunlight (GHI) for September was diminished by up to 20% in some locations; California’s Central Valley and parts of the Columbia River Basin were hardest hit by the smoke. At the Hanford study location, the Aug.- Oct. 2020 deviations in modeled energy output totaled -5.9% of the historical annual average (2001-2019). The analysis demonstrates that wildfires are an important risk to production for solar projects in western North America.
2020年是近代史上最活跃的野火季节。本研究利用太阳模型来量化2001年至2020年11月北美西部野火烟雾的太阳影响。我们观察到受气溶胶事件影响的天数急剧增加。晴天DNI的记录偏差是在汉福德,CA,博尔德,CO和沙漠岩石,内华达州的研究地点发现的。在一些地区,9月份的总日照(GHI)减少了20%;加州的中央山谷和哥伦比亚河流域的部分地区受到烟雾的影响最为严重。在汉福德研究地点,2020年8月至10月模型能源产出的偏差总计为历史年平均值(2001-2019年)的-5.9%。分析表明,野火是北美西部太阳能项目生产的重要风险。
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引用次数: 3
Combining Numerical Simulations, Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing a POCl3 Diffusion Process 结合数值模拟、机器学习和遗传算法优化POCl3扩散过程
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518450
Hannes Wagner-Mohnsen, S. Esefelder, B. Klöter, B. Mitchell, C. Schinke, Dennis Bredemeier, P. Jäger, R. Brendel
Advanced mathematical methods, like machine learning or genetic algorithms, have the potential to further accelerate the computer-aided optimization of processes. In this paper we combine the power of sophisticated numerical simulations with these modern concepts. The goal is to combine the strength of both approaches, high predictive quality from numerical models and fast prediction power of machine learning and genetic algorithms. We demonstrate this on a POCl3 diffusion process and optimize an industry relevant PERC solar cell up to 23.4%. This approach is not limited to POCl3 or PECR cells and can be applied to other cell architectures or processes.
先进的数学方法,如机器学习或遗传算法,有可能进一步加速计算机辅助的过程优化。在本文中,我们将复杂的数值模拟的力量与这些现代概念结合起来。目标是结合两种方法的强度,数值模型的高预测质量以及机器学习和遗传算法的快速预测能力。我们在POCl3扩散过程中证明了这一点,并优化了行业相关的PERC太阳能电池高达23.4%。这种方法不仅限于POCl3或PECR细胞,还可以应用于其他细胞架构或过程。
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引用次数: 2
Novel Interconnection Method for Micro-CPV Solar Cells 微型cpv太阳能电池的新型互连方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518837
N. Jost, S. Askins, R. Dixon, Mathieu Ackermann, C. Domínguez, I. Antón
Micro-concentrator photovoltaics (micro-CPV) consists of the reduction in size of the components of the conventional concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technology, attaining equally high efficiencies and reducing material costs and manufacturing costs. In this publication we focus on the implementation of high throughput manufacturing methods for the interconnection of the solar cells. The goal is to enable large area interconnection of thousands of micro-solar cells with a low cost of 3€/m2. A proof-of-concept was achieved for interconnection via directly printing onto the front contact pads. Prototypes using two different cell technologies where manufactured achieving good results. The highest achieved fill factor (FF) is of 84.3% at 200X with a short circuit current (Isc) of 2.4mA and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 3.41V.
微型聚光光伏(micro-CPV)包括缩小传统聚光光伏(CPV)技术组件的尺寸,达到同样高的效率并降低材料成本和制造成本。在本出版物中,我们重点介绍了太阳能电池互连的高通量制造方法的实施。目标是实现数千个微型太阳能电池的大面积互连,成本低至3欧元/平方米。通过直接打印到前接触垫上,实现了互连的概念验证。使用两种不同电池技术制造的原型取得了良好的效果。在200X下实现的最高填充因子(FF)为84.3%,短路电流(Isc)为2.4mA,开路电压(Voc)为3.41V。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Investigation and Analysis of Encapsulant Degradation and Glass Abrasion in Desert Exposed Photovoltaic Modules 沙漠暴露光伏组件封装剂降解与玻璃磨损的对比研究与分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9519122
Sagarika Kumar, Hebatalla Alhamadani, Shaikha Hassan, Ahmad Alheloo, H. Hanifi, Jim Joseph John, G. Mathiak, V. Alberts
In 2015, a comparative study of different PV modules was started at the Outdoor Test Field (OTF) in the DEWA R&D Center at the MBR Solar Park, Dubai. Five monofacial module types (multi- and monocrystalline silicon) were investigated. Various non-destructive techniques such as current-voltage analysis, electroluminescence and ultraviolet fluorescence imaging, microscopic visual inspection and quantum efficiency analysis were used. The findings show the presence of signature patterns to identify encapsulant degradation in ultraviolet fluorescence images, with different shapes and severities. Microscopic visual inspection was also used to examine glass abrasion and yellowing. Quantum efficiency measurements at short wavelengths showed UV-blocker penetration.
2015年,在迪拜MBR太阳能园区DEWA研发中心的户外试验场(OTF)开始了不同光伏组件的比较研究。研究了五种单面模块类型(多晶硅和单晶硅)。采用了电流电压分析、电致发光和紫外荧光成像、显微目视检查和量子效率分析等多种无损技术。研究结果表明,在紫外荧光图像中存在识别封装剂降解的特征模式,具有不同的形状和严重程度。显微镜目视检查也用于检查玻璃的磨损和变黄。短波长的量子效率测量显示紫外线阻挡剂穿透。
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引用次数: 6
Study of thermal losses in bifacial solar cells due to various spectral albedoes 不同光谱反照率下双面太阳能电池热损失的研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518817
A. A. Baloch, Omar Albadwawi, J. John, S. Bhattacharya, V. Alberts
An optics-based thermal model was developed to assess the spectral heating and thermal losses in industrial standard solar cells due to albedo. On average, bifacial silicon-heterojunction (B-SHJ) showed a power gain of 26.5% relative to monofacial heterojunction (M-SHJ) and 56.7% relative to monofacial BSF cells considered. However, heat content in B-SHJ was also found to be highest for all spectral albedos, i.e. thermal gain was 14% relative to monofacial-BSF and 4% more relative to M-SHJ. The results demonstrated that thermal losses in bifacial solar cells has a strong dependence on spectral albedo and should therefore be considered for accurate energy yield analysis.
建立了一个基于光学的热模型来评估工业标准太阳能电池中由于反照率引起的光谱加热和热损失。平均而言,双面硅异质结(B-SHJ)相对于单面硅异质结(M-SHJ)的功率增益为26.5%,相对于单面硅异质结(M-SHJ)的功率增益为56.7%。然而,B-SHJ的热含量也被发现是所有光谱反照率最高的,即相对于单面bsf的热增益为14%,相对于M-SHJ的热增益为4%。结果表明,双面太阳能电池的热损失与光谱反照率有很强的依赖性,因此应该考虑到准确的能量产率分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
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