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2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)最新文献

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A Deep Learning Approach for Loss-Analysis from Luminescence Images 发光图像损失分析的深度学习方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518512
Yoann Buratti, Zubair Abdullah‐Vetter, A. Sowmya, T. Trupke, Z. Hameiri
Identifying and quantifying loss mechanisms in solar cells are key requirements for increasing cell efficiencies. In this study, we present a novel method based on luminescence images to identify and quantify losses in silicon cells using a state of art deep learning technique: generative adversarial networks. In addition to the common use of defect identification, we also use the images to isolate a specific defect and to quantify its impact on cell efficiency. This is achieved by reconstructing a defect-free luminescence image and comparing it to the original image to determine the performance shortfall. The large-scale loss-analysis powered by the proposed deep learning method has the potential to significantly improve the quantitative analysis of luminescence image data, both in research and development and in high volume manufacturing.
确定和量化太阳能电池的损耗机制是提高电池效率的关键要求。在本研究中,我们提出了一种基于发光图像的新方法,使用最先进的深度学习技术:生成对抗网络来识别和量化硅电池中的损耗。除了常见的缺陷识别之外,我们还使用图像来隔离特定的缺陷并量化其对细胞效率的影响。这是通过重建无缺陷的发光图像并将其与原始图像进行比较以确定性能不足来实现的。由所提出的深度学习方法驱动的大规模损耗分析有可能显著改善发光图像数据的定量分析,无论是在研发还是在大批量生产中。
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引用次数: 2
Toward Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) Photovoltaic System Time Series Data 面向可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用(FAIR)光伏系统时间序列数据
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518782
A. Nihar, A. Curran, A. M. Karimi, J. Braid, L. Bruckman, Mehmet Koyutürk, Yinghui Wu, R. French
We present the application of FAIR principles to photovoltaic time series data to increase their reusability within the photovoltaic research community. The main requirements for a "FAIRified" dataset is to have a clearly defined data format, and to make accessible all metadata for this dataset to humans and machines. To achieve FAIRification, we implement a data model that separates the photovoltaic data and its metadata. The metadata and their descriptions are registered on a data repository in a human and machine readable format, using JSON-LD. Also, secure APIs are developed to access photovoltaic data. This approach has long term scalability and maintainability.
我们提出了公平原则光伏时间序列数据的应用,以增加其在光伏研究界的可重用性。“标准化”数据集的主要要求是具有明确定义的数据格式,并使人类和机器可以访问该数据集的所有元数据。为了实现一体化,我们实现了一个分离光伏数据及其元数据的数据模型。元数据及其描述使用JSON-LD以人类和机器可读的格式在数据存储库上注册。此外,还开发了安全api来访问光伏数据。这种方法具有长期的可伸缩性和可维护性。
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引用次数: 3
Periodically Nanostructured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 26% 周期性纳米结构钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的功率转换效率超过26%
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518715
J. Sutter, P. Tockhorn, P. Wagner, K. Jäger, A. Al‐Ashouri, B. Stannowski, S. Albrecht, C. Becker
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) is expected to increase with optimized light management. In this work, we report on PSTSCs containing nanostructures enabling PCEs exceeding 26%. A hexagonal sinusoidal nanostructure with 750nm period was used. The structure was transferred into silicon by nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching. Perovskite top cells were deposited by spin-coating resulting in a full coverage of the nanostructure. PSTSC comprising these nanostructures yielded a steady-state PCE of 26.1% and a short-circuit current density of 19.5mA·cm−2.
钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池(PSTSCs)的功率转换效率(PCE)有望随着光管理的优化而提高。在这项工作中,我们报告了含有纳米结构的PSTSCs,使pce超过26%。采用周期为750nm的六边形正弦纳米结构。通过纳米压印和反应离子刻蚀将该结构转移到硅中。钙钛矿顶部电池通过旋转涂层沉积,导致纳米结构的完全覆盖。包含这些纳米结构的PSTSC稳态PCE为26.1%,短路电流密度为19.5mA·cm−2。
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引用次数: 1
Progress of Atmospheric Screen-printable Cu Paste for High Efficiency PERC Solar Cells 高效PERC太阳能电池用常压丝网印刷铜浆料的研究进展
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518703
A. Ebong, S. Huneycutt, Sarah Grempels, K. Ankireddy, R. Dharmadasa, T. Druffel
The metallization of solar cells remains a dominating factor for the total cost of solar cell manufacturing and must be reduced. A prime candidate to replace the traditional Ag is Cu since it is close in conductivity but about 100 times lower cost. However, the oxidation of Cu in atmosphere and its diffusion into Si have been troublesome factors preventing its implementation. These two challenges were considered to formulate the thick film Cu paste and the 19.4% efficiency, fill factor of 76.02%, short-circuit current density of 39.0 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 654.4 mV, show these challenges have been overcome.
太阳能电池的金属化仍然是太阳能电池制造总成本的主要因素,必须降低。铜是取代传统银的主要候选者,因为它的导电性接近,但成本低约100倍。然而,Cu在大气中的氧化及其向Si的扩散一直是阻碍其实现的困难因素。考虑了这两方面的挑战,制备出了效率为19.4%、填充系数为76.02%、短路电流密度为39.0 mA/cm2、开路电压为654.4 mV的厚膜铜浆料。
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引用次数: 3
Temperature profiles of field-aged multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules affected by microcracks 微裂纹对场时效多晶硅光伏组件温度分布的影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518939
O. Segbefia, Anne Gerd Imenes, I. Burud, T. Sætre
In this work, the temperature sensitivities of field-aged multicrystalline silicon PV modules affected by microcracks are investigated. It is found that the temperature coefficient of efficiency of all modules has increased more than 10 times over the 20 years period, mainly due to a degradation in the temperature coefficients of fill factor. Temperature coefficient of efficiency of PV modules affected by microcracks changed from -0.44 %/ °C to -1.51 %/°C under solar irradiance conditions at 1010 - 1030 W/m2. Inconsistent values for the Evans–Floschuetz efficiency ratio versus temperature plots for the microcrack affected modules were also observed.
本文研究了微裂纹对场时效多晶硅光伏组件温度敏感性的影响。结果表明,各模块的效率温度系数在20年间增加了10倍以上,这主要是由于填充因子温度系数的降低。当太阳辐照度为1010 ~ 1030 W/m2时,受微裂纹影响的光伏组件效率温度系数从- 0.44% /°C变化到- 1.51% /°C。对于受微裂纹影响的模块,Evans-Floschuetz效率比与温度图的值也不一致。
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引用次数: 5
Early Detection of Potential Induced Degradation in the Field: Testing a New Method for Silicon PV Modules 现场潜在诱发退化的早期检测:测试硅光伏组件的新方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518482
M. Florides, G. Makrides, G. Georghiou
High voltage photovoltaic (PV) systems are affected by potential induced degradation (PID). PID detection by conventional data analysis methods could take a long time, leading to unnoticed energy loss. If PID is detected at an early stage, energy loss could be avoided by taking appropriate measures. This paper presents a new method for detecting PID at an early stage (< 1% power loss). The method is based on low-current DC signals and, hence, it could be implemented in a low-cost sensor. The method was tested experimentally on standard multi-cell crystalline silicon PV modules and successfully detected PID before 1% power loss.
高压光伏(PV)系统受到电位诱导退化(PID)的影响。采用传统的数据分析方法进行PID检测,耗时较长,造成了未被察觉的能量损失。如果在早期检测到PID,可以采取适当的措施避免能量损失。本文提出了一种早期检测PID(< 1%功率损耗)的新方法。该方法基于低电流直流信号,因此可以在低成本传感器中实现。该方法在标准多电池晶体硅光伏组件上进行了实验测试,成功地检测出1%功率损耗前的PID。
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引用次数: 0
Thickness Optimisation and Defect Analysis of Wide Bandgap PbS-CQD Solar Cell by SCAPS-1D Simulations 基于SCAPS-1D模拟的宽带隙PbS-CQD太阳能电池厚度优化及缺陷分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518721
Arrik Khanna, R. Pandey, Jaya Madan, Arvind Dhingra
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) solar cells filtered with lead sulfide (PbS) have provided a great alternate for lasting solar device. This is due to its capability of reaping infrared photons, increased exciton generation and tunable bandgap. However, creating a highly stable PbS CQD with high conversion efficiency is challenge on the grounds to the material quality of the PbS CQD based absorber layer. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be put up by reducing the bulk defect density forth at an optimum absorber layer thickness. Here in this research article effect of absorber layer thickness and bulk defect density is investigated for wide bandgap (Eg=1.56 eV) based PbS CQD absorber layer solar cell in order to ameliorate the PCE. This has been achieved by wavering the thickness from 50 nm to 500 nm and the bulk defect density from 1 x 1014 cm-3 to 1 x 1016 cm-3 in 10 steps each. Simulation are carried using SCAPS-1D and it published the uppermost PCE of 13.14 at bulk defect density of 1014 cm-3 and the thickness of 500 nm.
胶体量子点(CQDs)太阳能电池用硫化铅(PbS)过滤,提供了一个很好的替代持久太阳能器件。这是由于它的能力,收获红外光子,增加激子产生和可调的带隙。然而,基于PbS CQD吸收层的材料质量问题,制备具有高转换效率和高稳定性的PbS CQD是一项挑战。在最佳吸收层厚度下减小体积缺陷密度可以提高功率转换效率。本文研究了宽带隙(Eg=1.56 eV)的PbS CQD吸收层太阳能电池吸收层厚度和体积缺陷密度对PCE的影响,通过将吸收层厚度从50 nm调整到500 nm,将体积缺陷密度从1 × 1014 cm-3调整到1 × 1016 cm-3,每10步调整10步来实现。利用SCAPS-1D进行了模拟,在体积缺陷密度为1014 cm-3、厚度为500 nm时,PCE最大值为13.14。
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引用次数: 0
P3 Nanosecond Laser Patterning of Perovskite Solar Cells: Defect Passivation Through Formation of PbI2 and Br-rich Interface Layers 钙钛矿太阳能电池的P3纳秒激光图像化:通过形成PbI2和富br界面层进行缺陷钝化
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518520
C. Schultz, M. Fenske, J. Dagar, F. Kosasih, Cornelia Junghans, A. Bartelt, C. Ducati, R. Schlatmann, E. Unger, B. Stegemann
P3 patterning with ns and ps laser pulses for monolithic series interconnection of perovskite solar cells was systematically investigated. The use of ns laser pulses generates a larger amount of PbI2 and a Br-rich interface layer in the processed area, which proved to be beneficial for P3 patterning due to improved defect passivation. Thus, the P3 step should be carried out with ns laser pulses for an optimized separation of adjacent cells, while ps laser pulses were recommended for the P2 interconnect. Accordingly, suitable laser parameters for optimal laser patterning are demonstrated and novel insights into the controversial issue about the influence of PbI2 on the overall photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells are presented.
系统地研究了用ns和ps激光脉冲进行钙钛矿太阳能电池单片串联互连的P3图像化。ns激光脉冲的使用在加工区域产生了大量的PbI2和富br界面层,由于改进了缺陷钝化,这被证明有利于P3图图化。因此,P3步骤应使用ns激光脉冲进行,以优化相邻细胞的分离,而P2互连建议使用ps激光脉冲。因此,本文展示了最佳激光图案的合适激光参数,并对PbI2对钙钛矿太阳能电池整体光伏性能的影响这一有争议的问题提出了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of high-quality ZnTe:Cu films as a back contact layer for CdTe solar cells 高质量ZnTe:Cu薄膜作为CdTe太阳能电池背接触层的合成
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518642
Xinlu Lin, Yufeng Zhang, Ziyao Zhu, Qiuchen Wu, Xiangxin Liu
P-type copper-doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:Cu) is a good candidate as a back contact of cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell. The deposition rate, transmittance and resistivity of ZnTe:Cu films deposited via target bias radio frequency (r.f.) sputtering was studied. The target bias voltage considerably influenced ZnTe:Cu film resistivity. In the meantime we find that post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT) significantly reduces the electrical resistivity of the ZnTe:Cu films, which is due to increases in both carrier concentration and mobility. It is inspiring for us to further improve the conductivity of ZnTe:Cu by applying the r.f. coupled d.c. sputtering and PDHT.
p型铜掺杂碲化锌(ZnTe:Cu)是碲化镉(CdTe)太阳能电池背触点的良好候选材料。研究了靶偏置射频溅射法制备的ZnTe:Cu薄膜的沉积速率、透射率和电阻率。目标偏置电压对ZnTe:Cu薄膜的电阻率影响较大。同时,我们发现沉积后热处理(PDHT)显著降低了ZnTe:Cu薄膜的电阻率,这是由于载流子浓度和迁移率的增加。利用射频耦合直流溅射和PDHT进一步提高ZnTe:Cu的导电性对我们具有启发意义。
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引用次数: 0
Learning Optimal Power Flow Solutions using Linearized Models in Power Distribution Systems 利用线性化模型学习配电系统中最优潮流解
Pub Date : 2021-06-20 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518472
R. Sadnan, A. Dubey
Solving nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF) problem is computationally expensive, and poses scalability challenges for power distribution networks. An alternative to solving the original nonlinear OPF is the linear approximated OPF models. Although, these linear approximated OPF models are fast, the resulting solutions may result in significant optimality gap. Lately, the application of machine learning (ML) methods in successfully solving the nonlinear OPF has been reported. These methods learn and estimate the nonlinear control policies using a purely data-driven approach. In this paper, we propose an approach to complements the ML based approach to solving OPF using solutions from known linearized OPF model. Specifically, we use supervised learning to map the solutions of linear OPF to nonlinear control variables. Unlike, the traditional ML based methods for OPF that approximate the full distribution feeder model using function approximation, our approach uses a two-node approximation of radial networks. The proposed approach is validated using IEEE 123 bus test system for OPF solutions obtained using the nonlinear OPF models.
求解非线性最优潮流问题不仅计算成本高,而且对配电网的可扩展性提出了挑战。求解原始非线性OPF的另一种方法是线性逼近OPF模型。虽然这些线性逼近的OPF模型速度很快,但得到的解可能导致显著的最优性差距。近年来,机器学习(ML)方法在求解非线性OPF问题中的成功应用已被报道。这些方法使用纯数据驱动的方法来学习和估计非线性控制策略。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法来补充基于ML的方法,使用已知线性化OPF模型的解来求解OPF。具体来说,我们使用监督学习将线性OPF的解映射到非线性控制变量。与传统的基于ML的OPF方法使用函数逼近逼近全分布馈线模型不同,我们的方法使用径向网络的双节点逼近。利用IEEE 123总线测试系统对非线性OPF模型得到的OPF解进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
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