Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514275
Suzanne Smith, K. Land, T. Joubert
The need for effective point-of-need health and environmental diagnostics in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is more crucial than ever. This work explores emerging criteria and technologies to address the limitations of current point-of-need solutions. Local developments in South Africa towards this goal are highlighted, utilizing additive manufacturing technologies which combine paper-based diagnostic and printed electronic platforms. Establishment of a pipeline, from undergraduate engineering students and laboratory infrastructure to industry partners using a decentralized manufacturing approach are also discussed as a map for developing novel, low-cost solutions for improving the quality of life of those who need it most.
{"title":"Emerging Technology Solutions Towards REASSURED Point-of-Need Diagnostics","authors":"Suzanne Smith, K. Land, T. Joubert","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514275","url":null,"abstract":"The need for effective point-of-need health and environmental diagnostics in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is more crucial than ever. This work explores emerging criteria and technologies to address the limitations of current point-of-need solutions. Local developments in South Africa towards this goal are highlighted, utilizing additive manufacturing technologies which combine paper-based diagnostic and printed electronic platforms. Establishment of a pipeline, from undergraduate engineering students and laboratory infrastructure to industry partners using a decentralized manufacturing approach are also discussed as a map for developing novel, low-cost solutions for improving the quality of life of those who need it most.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"83 1","pages":"265-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83441345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514314
Bentolhoda Heli, A. Ajji
This study presents novel optical sensors by utilizing bacterial cellulose (BC) as a nano-based platform. The myriads of BC features such as optical transparency, mechanical strength, nanofibers structure, flexibility, and abundant functional groups, make this natural biopolymer a perfect substrate to create a new generation of optical biosensors. Importantly, the coupling of BC with advantageous nanomaterials (e.g., plasmonic nanoparticles and biomolecule) leads to the emergence of multifunctional nanocomposites. On the other hand, BCs embedded with plasmonic nanoparticles (such as Ag and Au), named a plasmonic nanopaper, benefit the outstanding characteristics of both. Hence, the resulted BC impregnated with AgNP or AuNP revealed a plasmonic peak at 470 and 530 nm through the UV-vis absorbance spectra, respectively.
{"title":"The application of the plasmonic nanopaper in the optical-based sensing approaches","authors":"Bentolhoda Heli, A. Ajji","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514314","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents novel optical sensors by utilizing bacterial cellulose (BC) as a nano-based platform. The myriads of BC features such as optical transparency, mechanical strength, nanofibers structure, flexibility, and abundant functional groups, make this natural biopolymer a perfect substrate to create a new generation of optical biosensors. Importantly, the coupling of BC with advantageous nanomaterials (e.g., plasmonic nanoparticles and biomolecule) leads to the emergence of multifunctional nanocomposites. On the other hand, BCs embedded with plasmonic nanoparticles (such as Ag and Au), named a plasmonic nanopaper, benefit the outstanding characteristics of both. Hence, the resulted BC impregnated with AgNP or AuNP revealed a plasmonic peak at 470 and 530 nm through the UV-vis absorbance spectra, respectively.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"49 1","pages":"146-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84743494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514293
Jiwon Park, Daeun Kim, Youn Tae Kim
The market for wearable sensors is growing rapidly as interest in personal health has recently increased, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has developed. However, supplying power to wearable sensors, such as body-attached flexible devices and E-skin, is still a matter of concern. Herein, we report a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based E-skin that can harvest bio-friendly energy and self-powered pressure sensing with its own power source. Au-coated Cu yarn and polytetrafluoroethylene-molded micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane were used to fabricate E-skin with excellent stability, high sensitivity, elasticity, and flexibility. The TENG-based E-skin generates an output peak voltage and current of up to 200 V and 2.7 µA, respectively, and is stable with 4,500 cycles of pushing motion without any deterioration of the output signal. In addition, it is possible to operate an electronic watch by charging a capacitor and measuring the arterial pulse of the wrist as a pressure sensor. The results of this study present potential solutions for power source and signal monitoring within soft/wearable devices and human-machine interfaces.
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerator based E-skin for wearable energy harvesting and pressure sensing","authors":"Jiwon Park, Daeun Kim, Youn Tae Kim","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514293","url":null,"abstract":"The market for wearable sensors is growing rapidly as interest in personal health has recently increased, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has developed. However, supplying power to wearable sensors, such as body-attached flexible devices and E-skin, is still a matter of concern. Herein, we report a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based E-skin that can harvest bio-friendly energy and self-powered pressure sensing with its own power source. Au-coated Cu yarn and polytetrafluoroethylene-molded micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane were used to fabricate E-skin with excellent stability, high sensitivity, elasticity, and flexibility. The TENG-based E-skin generates an output peak voltage and current of up to 200 V and 2.7 µA, respectively, and is stable with 4,500 cycles of pushing motion without any deterioration of the output signal. In addition, it is possible to operate an electronic watch by charging a capacitor and measuring the arterial pulse of the wrist as a pressure sensor. The results of this study present potential solutions for power source and signal monitoring within soft/wearable devices and human-machine interfaces.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"45 1","pages":"306-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84960133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514322
H. Butt, M. Owais, A. Sulimov, D. Ostrizhiniy, S. Lomov, I. Akhatov, S. Abaimov, Y. Popov
In this work, three masterbatches of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were utilized to manufacture electrically and thermally conductive epoxy nanocomposites at three weight percentages using a scalable, economic processing route. Two masterbatches contained multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) of similar aspect ratios while the third contained single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a higher aspect ratio. Each masterbatch was produced industrially using a different processing technique. It was seen that the functional properties of the produced nanocomposites were directly tied to the particle dispersion and the masterbatch production route. For samples produced with better masterbatch production technology (SWCNTs), the dispersion degree was better compared to samples produced using less effective production techniques (MWCNTs). Electrical and thermal conductivity for SWCNT nanocomposites reached as high as 0.5 S/cm and 0.48 Wm−1 K−1 at 2.0% wt. respectively, whereas MWCNT samples showed values between 1.37×10−5 – 1.5×10−7 S/cm and 0.22 Wm−1 K−1 for electrical and thermal conductivity at the same weight percentage. SWCNT samples outperformed MWCNT samples by 4–6 orders of magnitude in terms of electrical conductivity and 4 times for thermal conductivity.
{"title":"CNT/Epoxy-Masterbatch Based Nanocomposites: Thermal and Electrical Properties","authors":"H. Butt, M. Owais, A. Sulimov, D. Ostrizhiniy, S. Lomov, I. Akhatov, S. Abaimov, Y. Popov","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514322","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, three masterbatches of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were utilized to manufacture electrically and thermally conductive epoxy nanocomposites at three weight percentages using a scalable, economic processing route. Two masterbatches contained multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) of similar aspect ratios while the third contained single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a higher aspect ratio. Each masterbatch was produced industrially using a different processing technique. It was seen that the functional properties of the produced nanocomposites were directly tied to the particle dispersion and the masterbatch production route. For samples produced with better masterbatch production technology (SWCNTs), the dispersion degree was better compared to samples produced using less effective production techniques (MWCNTs). Electrical and thermal conductivity for SWCNT nanocomposites reached as high as 0.5 S/cm and 0.48 Wm−1 K−1 at 2.0% wt. respectively, whereas MWCNT samples showed values between 1.37×10−5 – 1.5×10−7 S/cm and 0.22 Wm−1 K−1 for electrical and thermal conductivity at the same weight percentage. SWCNT samples outperformed MWCNT samples by 4–6 orders of magnitude in terms of electrical conductivity and 4 times for thermal conductivity.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"34 1","pages":"417-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84655601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514331
Christopher M. Green, D. Hastman, Divita Mathur, K. Susumu, Igor L. Medintz, S. A. Díaz
Nanoparticle (NP)-binding peptides conjugated to peptide nucleic acids - peptide-PNA - enable efficient and programmable self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs) on DNA nanostructures. As an alternative to chemically modified DNA, peptide-PNA were designed with a poly-histidine peptide motif (Histag) to enable self-assembly to the surface of ZnS-shelled QDs, along with a PNA domain which could undergo hybridization to a complementary DNA sequence by Watson-Crick base pairing. We have demonstrated that QDs can be conjugated efficiently to DNA origami by peptide-PNA without requiring a large excess of the individual components. Here, optimization was performed to assess the effects of varied molar ratios of peptide-PNA:QDs and QDs:origami on the binding efficiency of QDs to DNA origami.
{"title":"Parameters guiding the self-assembly of quantum dots and DNA origami by peptide-PNA","authors":"Christopher M. Green, D. Hastman, Divita Mathur, K. Susumu, Igor L. Medintz, S. A. Díaz","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514331","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle (NP)-binding peptides conjugated to peptide nucleic acids - peptide-PNA - enable efficient and programmable self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs) on DNA nanostructures. As an alternative to chemically modified DNA, peptide-PNA were designed with a poly-histidine peptide motif (Histag) to enable self-assembly to the surface of ZnS-shelled QDs, along with a PNA domain which could undergo hybridization to a complementary DNA sequence by Watson-Crick base pairing. We have demonstrated that QDs can be conjugated efficiently to DNA origami by peptide-PNA without requiring a large excess of the individual components. Here, optimization was performed to assess the effects of varied molar ratios of peptide-PNA:QDs and QDs:origami on the binding efficiency of QDs to DNA origami.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"65 1","pages":"448-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83453557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514319
T. Miki, A. Yoshida, M. Shimada, J. Shirakashi
Recent advances in the field of natural computing have boosted the hope that complicated problems can be solved efficiently on the heuristics applying natural phenomena. In particular, it is expected that Ising spin model implemented with CMOS circuits solves combinatorial optimization problems more effectively and conveniently at room temperature, and thus, it is potentially achievable for practical use. So far, we have developed Ising machine that can be implemented with simple logic circuits consisting of XNOR gate utilized as spin decision logics for finding the ground state. In this study, we propose the hybrid-type spin decision logic (HDL), a combination of two conventional methods. HDL can find the global optimal solution of combinatorial optimization problems, that is impossible to solve with conventional spin decision logics.
{"title":"Hybridization of Spin Decision Logics for Ising Machine with Logic Circuits","authors":"T. Miki, A. Yoshida, M. Shimada, J. Shirakashi","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514319","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the field of natural computing have boosted the hope that complicated problems can be solved efficiently on the heuristics applying natural phenomena. In particular, it is expected that Ising spin model implemented with CMOS circuits solves combinatorial optimization problems more effectively and conveniently at room temperature, and thus, it is potentially achievable for practical use. So far, we have developed Ising machine that can be implemented with simple logic circuits consisting of XNOR gate utilized as spin decision logics for finding the ground state. In this study, we propose the hybrid-type spin decision logic (HDL), a combination of two conventional methods. HDL can find the global optimal solution of combinatorial optimization problems, that is impossible to solve with conventional spin decision logics.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"22 1","pages":"470-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89769895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514340
Yuwen Zhao, Rui Yang, Zoe Bousraou, Shue Wang
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multi-differentiation properties. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation are poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to detect gene expression at single cell level. Here, we present a double-stranded locked nucleic acid biosensor to investigate gene expression analysis during hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. We first demonstrated this biosensor for gene expression analysis in single hMSCs. We next investigated the regulatory role of Notchl-D1l4 signaling in osteogenic differentiation. Our findings provide evidence that Notchl-D1l4 signaling is involved in hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of Notchl-D1l4 signaling significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and D1l4 expression.
{"title":"Probing Human Osteogenic Differentiation Using Double-Stranded Locked Nucleic Acid Biosensors","authors":"Yuwen Zhao, Rui Yang, Zoe Bousraou, Shue Wang","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514340","url":null,"abstract":"Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multi-differentiation properties. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation are poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to detect gene expression at single cell level. Here, we present a double-stranded locked nucleic acid biosensor to investigate gene expression analysis during hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. We first demonstrated this biosensor for gene expression analysis in single hMSCs. We next investigated the regulatory role of Notchl-D1l4 signaling in osteogenic differentiation. Our findings provide evidence that Notchl-D1l4 signaling is involved in hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of Notchl-D1l4 signaling significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and D1l4 expression.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"31 1","pages":"273-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75484060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514316
A. Ponzoni
This work reports the analysis of chemiresistors based on nanowire networks, decoupling the relative contributions of elementary nanowires and nanowire-nanowire junctions in the macroscopic response of the film. The relationship between the response of microscopic elements and the macroscopic film is established on the basis of the network theory. Results indicate that the film, depending on the material and network properties, may exhibit a junction-like or a mixed junction/nanowire behavior.
{"title":"The contributions of nanowires and nanowire-nanowire junctions in chemiresistors based on metal oxide nanowire networks","authors":"A. Ponzoni","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514316","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the analysis of chemiresistors based on nanowire networks, decoupling the relative contributions of elementary nanowires and nanowire-nanowire junctions in the macroscopic response of the film. The relationship between the response of microscopic elements and the macroscopic film is established on the basis of the network theory. Results indicate that the film, depending on the material and network properties, may exhibit a junction-like or a mixed junction/nanowire behavior.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"28 1","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80756795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514283
S. Zhao, J. Lu, Y. Zhong
In this work, we discuss the molecular beam epitaxial growth of AlGaN nanowires on Si for ultraviolet light emitting. It is found that, although using a relatively low substrate temperature, AlGaN nanowires with different Al contents can still have a reasonably good optical quality. The reduced substrate temperature could favor the development of electrically injected ultraviolet light emitting devices.
{"title":"Molecular Beam Epitaxy of AlGaN Nanowires for Ultraviolet Light Emitting","authors":"S. Zhao, J. Lu, Y. Zhong","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514283","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we discuss the molecular beam epitaxial growth of AlGaN nanowires on Si for ultraviolet light emitting. It is found that, although using a relatively low substrate temperature, AlGaN nanowires with different Al contents can still have a reasonably good optical quality. The reduced substrate temperature could favor the development of electrically injected ultraviolet light emitting devices.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"77 1","pages":"403-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81132945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514346
R. Stoltenberg, Alexander Capanzana, Agustin Vega, Nhi T. Ngo, Reynaldo Joven, Lian Zhenggang, C. Gan, Y. Lam, A. Zinn
Current and next-generation high power devices require a new set of materials with higher electrical and thermal conductivity to efficiently spread and remove increased waste heat. Kuprion's ActiveCopper technology enables the formation of bulk copper joints at typical soldering temperatures, yet the resulting interconnects are stable up to 500°C or more. This technology has been developed for a number of applications including die attach, thermal vias, and a replacement for WCu heat spreaders. Die attach materials can be dispensed, screened, or stenciled like traditional solder pastes followed by a solder-like thermal profile in a reflow oven under an inert atmosphere. Sintering can be achieved with or without pressure. Thermal vias are generated by stenciling an ActiveCopper paste directly into open circuit board cavities up to 4 mm in diameter followed by hot pressing under conditions similar to those used for traditional PCB manufacture. The resulting copper vias have thermal conductivity up to 330 W/mK, are solder compatible with or without further surface finish, and show excellent bonding to electroplated copper on the via sidewalls. Near net shape heat spreaders akin to WCu or AlSiC can also be generated via hot pressing or injection molding. The CTE of vias and spreaders can be tuned by adjusting the formulation of the original paste. ActiveCopper technology enables the design of all-Copper systems that can handle the increased thermal demands of next-generation electronics while avoiding failure modes attributed to intermetallic formation. Copper also presents an advantage over silver-based systems which show increased migration, dendritic growth, and voiding under higher thermal and electrical loads.
{"title":"Next-generation Packaging Enabled by an Engineered Copper Nanomaterial","authors":"R. Stoltenberg, Alexander Capanzana, Agustin Vega, Nhi T. Ngo, Reynaldo Joven, Lian Zhenggang, C. Gan, Y. Lam, A. Zinn","doi":"10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO51122.2021.9514346","url":null,"abstract":"Current and next-generation high power devices require a new set of materials with higher electrical and thermal conductivity to efficiently spread and remove increased waste heat. Kuprion's ActiveCopper technology enables the formation of bulk copper joints at typical soldering temperatures, yet the resulting interconnects are stable up to 500°C or more. This technology has been developed for a number of applications including die attach, thermal vias, and a replacement for WCu heat spreaders. Die attach materials can be dispensed, screened, or stenciled like traditional solder pastes followed by a solder-like thermal profile in a reflow oven under an inert atmosphere. Sintering can be achieved with or without pressure. Thermal vias are generated by stenciling an ActiveCopper paste directly into open circuit board cavities up to 4 mm in diameter followed by hot pressing under conditions similar to those used for traditional PCB manufacture. The resulting copper vias have thermal conductivity up to 330 W/mK, are solder compatible with or without further surface finish, and show excellent bonding to electroplated copper on the via sidewalls. Near net shape heat spreaders akin to WCu or AlSiC can also be generated via hot pressing or injection molding. The CTE of vias and spreaders can be tuned by adjusting the formulation of the original paste. ActiveCopper technology enables the design of all-Copper systems that can handle the increased thermal demands of next-generation electronics while avoiding failure modes attributed to intermetallic formation. Copper also presents an advantage over silver-based systems which show increased migration, dendritic growth, and voiding under higher thermal and electrical loads.","PeriodicalId":6791,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO)","volume":"30 1","pages":"295-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85169975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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