Najam ul Sahar, N. H. Memon, Muhammad Rafiq, Majid Ali Abbasi, Naseem Khatoon, Arshad Hussain Laghari, D. Solangi, Beena Naqvi, Muhammad Idrees
The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of NH4+ priming to enhance tomato seed germination and plant growth under saline stress. In the absence of light at 25 ± 1 °C, tomato seeds were primed with 50 and 100 mmol of NH4NO3 and with 50 and 100 mmol of (NH4)2SO4 for 12 and 24 h, respectively. In the seed germination test, twenty primed seeds were used for each treatment, along with five replica plates and a control, and were all incubated at 25°C with 25 mL of moistened water. In a second greenhouse experiment, primed seeds were planted in garden soil and watered with tap water, salt water, and a control. The concentration of saline water (50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol NaCl) was gradually raised after a 10-day break. The germination percentages in T5 (50 mmol (NH4)2SO4, 12 hrs) were 82±3.7% and 80±4.47 %, respectively, followed by T1 and T3 (50 mmol (NH4)2SO4, 12 h and 100 mmol NH4NO3, 12 h). When compared to the unprimed tomato seeds, the NH4+ priming with NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 improved plant height and other growth parameters. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and total flavonoid content were improved in both saline and non-saline treatments. In terms of salinity, the NH4+ priming increased the proline content while decreasing the total protein content. It is concluded that further research will be needed to clarify the effect of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 as NH4+ priming in tomato plants because other factors and nutrition can play a role in seed germination and plant growth development.
{"title":"The efficacy of ammonium as seed priming agents for promoting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germination under salinity stress","authors":"Najam ul Sahar, N. H. Memon, Muhammad Rafiq, Majid Ali Abbasi, Naseem Khatoon, Arshad Hussain Laghari, D. Solangi, Beena Naqvi, Muhammad Idrees","doi":"10.5586/aa/174669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/174669","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of NH<sub>4+</sub> priming to enhance tomato seed germination and plant growth under saline stress. In the absence of light at 25 ± 1 °C, tomato seeds were primed with 50 and 100 mmol of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and with 50 and 100 mmol of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> for 12 and 24 h, respectively. In the seed germination test, twenty primed seeds were used for each treatment, along with five replica plates and a control, and were all incubated at 25°C with 25 mL of moistened water. In a second greenhouse experiment, primed seeds were planted in garden soil and watered with tap water, salt water, and a control. The concentration of saline water (50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol NaCl) was gradually raised after a 10-day break. The germination percentages in T5 (50 mmol (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 12 hrs) were 82±3.7% and 80±4.47 %, respectively, followed by T1 and T3 (50 mmol (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 12 h and 100 mmol NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, 12 h). When compared to the unprimed tomato seeds, the NH<sub>4+</sub> priming with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> improved plant height and other growth parameters. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and total flavonoid content were improved in both saline and non-saline treatments. In terms of salinity, the NH<sub>4+</sub> priming increased the proline content while decreasing the total protein content. It is concluded that further research will be needed to clarify the effect of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as NH<sub>4+</sub> priming in tomato plants because other factors and nutrition can play a role in seed germination and plant growth development.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"119 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytic fungi are increasingly being considered for their ecological role and effects on plant protection and nutrition. Their contribution in improving fitness can be particularly relevant in the case of semi-extensive tree crops, such as hazelnut. In this manuscript, the occurrence and properties of the species Arcopilus aureus are reviewed, following its finding as a component of the endophytic microbiome of hazelnut in the distant geographic and climatic contexts of Poland and Italy, representing an indication of its widespread association with this plant and a possible role in protection against biotic adversities.
{"title":"Arcopilus aureus: a valuable endophytic associate of hazelnut","authors":"Beata Zimowska, Rosario Nicoletti","doi":"10.5586/aa/175998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/175998","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are increasingly being considered for their ecological role and effects on plant protection and nutrition. Their contribution in improving fitness can be particularly relevant in the case of semi-extensive tree crops, such as hazelnut. In this manuscript, the occurrence and properties of the species Arcopilus aureus are reviewed, following its finding as a component of the endophytic microbiome of hazelnut in the distant geographic and climatic contexts of Poland and Italy, representing an indication of its widespread association with this plant and a possible role in protection against biotic adversities.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahbubur Rahman Khan, Md. Shamim Akram, Jannatul Ferdous Moonmoon, Md. Mahbubul Alam Tarafder, Md. Habibur Rahman, Shilpi Das, Jitka Skalicka, M. Skalický, A. Hossain
Micronutrient zinc (Zn) is crucial for both humans and plants. To improve the micronutrient concentration in the grains of food crops, biofortification has already been established as one of the best approaches across the globe. The current study was carried out to assess Zn enrichment in a few common wheat varieties using different Zn delivery techniques. The following treatments were applied: T1: control (without Zn), T2: Soil application of 4 kg Zn ha-1 at final land preparation, T3: Foliar application of a 0.5% Zn solution (ZnSO4 x7H2O) at both tillering and booting stages, and T4: soil application of 2 kg Zn ha-1 at final land preparation + foliar application of a 0.2% Zn solution (ZnSO4 x7H2O) at both tillering and booting stages. All treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and repeated three times The findings of the study revealed that the various Zn application techniques had an impact on the Zn concentration in grains significantly, ranging from 23.9 to 32.2 µg g-1 across the varieties, with an average of 28.2 µg g-1 in the control. Among these various application techniques, the soil + foliar application induced the highest response of the Zn concentration in the grains ranging from 33.7 to 37.60 µg g-1. The average protein content (%) in the grains of all wheat varieties varied by 1.21, 1.47, and 1.51%, respectively, as a result of the use of the different Zn application methods. Considering the Zn-use efficiency (%), the most Zn-efficient wheat variety was BARI Gom 28, followed by BARI Gom 26, Binagom-1, BARI Gom 25, and BARI Gom 29. In the case of grain yield, wheat variety BARI Gom 26 (4.15 t ha-1) performed the best in the soil + foliar Zn application. The soil + foliar application method outperformed the other application techniques regarding the Zn concentration, yield, and protein content in the grain.
{"title":"Soil and foliar zinc application techniques influence the productivity, zinc concentration, and protein content in the grains of bread wheat varieties","authors":"Mahbubur Rahman Khan, Md. Shamim Akram, Jannatul Ferdous Moonmoon, Md. Mahbubul Alam Tarafder, Md. Habibur Rahman, Shilpi Das, Jitka Skalicka, M. Skalický, A. Hossain","doi":"10.5586/aa/173425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/173425","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient zinc (Zn) is crucial for both humans and plants. To improve the micronutrient concentration in the grains of food crops, biofortification has already been established as one of the best approaches across the globe. The current study was carried out to assess Zn enrichment in a few common wheat varieties using different Zn delivery techniques. The following treatments were applied: T1: control (without Zn), T2: Soil application of 4 kg Zn ha-1 at final land preparation, T3: Foliar application of a 0.5% Zn solution (ZnSO4 x7H2O) at both tillering and booting stages, and T4: soil application of 2 kg Zn ha-1 at final land preparation + foliar application of a 0.2% Zn solution (ZnSO4 x7H2O) at both tillering and booting stages. All treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and repeated three times The findings of the study revealed that the various Zn application techniques had an impact on the Zn concentration in grains significantly, ranging from 23.9 to 32.2 µg g-1 across the varieties, with an average of 28.2 µg g-1 in the control. Among these various application techniques, the soil + foliar application induced the highest response of the Zn concentration in the grains ranging from 33.7 to 37.60 µg g-1. The average protein content (%) in the grains of all wheat varieties varied by 1.21, 1.47, and 1.51%, respectively, as a result of the use of the different Zn application methods. Considering the Zn-use efficiency (%), the most Zn-efficient wheat variety was BARI Gom 28, followed by BARI Gom 26, Binagom-1, BARI Gom 25, and BARI Gom 29. In the case of grain yield, wheat variety BARI Gom 26 (4.15 t ha-1) performed the best in the soil + foliar Zn application. The soil + foliar application method outperformed the other application techniques regarding the Zn concentration, yield, and protein content in the grain.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agri-environmental Schemes are the main agricultural policy instrument currently available in the European Union to help improve the relationship between agriculture and the environment. The conducted research included the assessment of AES (Agri-environmental Schemes) implementation in the Region of Mazowsze and Podlasie, Poland. This Region is characterized by worse natural, organizational, and production conditions than in other Regions in Poland. Out of the 292 analyzed farms, 146 formed the research sample, while another 146 constituted the control sample. In 2010 and 2014, all analyzed farms kept entries in accounting books under FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). All farms were classified according to TF8 as fieldcrops, milk, and mixed. For each type of farm, a research and control sample were distinguished. The research sample included farms that participated in the AES, whereas the control sample comprised farms that did not join the program. For each farm from the research sample, the most similar farm was selected in the control group, taking into account its type and location. The conducted study confirmed that the implementation of the AES has a positive effect on the environment, as it results in lower use of synthetic fertilizers, crop protection products, and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions per ha. However, the research showed that the costs of reduction of GHG emissions are very high. In 2014, the cost of a decrease of 1 Mg CO2 eq amounted to 1,302 PLN on fieldcrop farms, 611 PLN on milk farms, and 1,112 PLN on mixed farms. This is important information for policy makers, as it indicates that, while planning subsequent pro-environmental programs, it is crucial to perform a cost-benefit analysis and an ex ante assessment of the costs of planned activities in relation to the expected environmental effects.
{"title":"Assessment of environmental performance on farms using FADN: a case study of the Region of Mazowsze and Podlasie","authors":"Alina Syp, Dariusz Osuch, Anita Gębka","doi":"10.5586/aa/173426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/173426","url":null,"abstract":"Agri-environmental Schemes are the main agricultural policy instrument currently available in the European Union to help improve the relationship between agriculture and the environment. The conducted research included the assessment of AES (Agri-environmental Schemes) implementation in the Region of Mazowsze and Podlasie, Poland. This Region is characterized by worse natural, organizational, and production conditions than in other Regions in Poland. Out of the 292 analyzed farms, 146 formed the research sample, while another 146 constituted the control sample. In 2010 and 2014, all analyzed farms kept entries in accounting books under FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). All farms were classified according to TF8 as fieldcrops, milk, and mixed. For each type of farm, a research and control sample were distinguished. The research sample included farms that participated in the AES, whereas the control sample comprised farms that did not join the program. For each farm from the research sample, the most similar farm was selected in the control group, taking into account its type and location. The conducted study confirmed that the implementation of the AES has a positive effect on the environment, as it results in lower use of synthetic fertilizers, crop protection products, and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions per ha. However, the research showed that the costs of reduction of GHG emissions are very high. In 2014, the cost of a decrease of 1 Mg CO2 eq amounted to 1,302 PLN on fieldcrop farms, 611 PLN on milk farms, and 1,112 PLN on mixed farms. This is important information for policy makers, as it indicates that, while planning subsequent pro-environmental programs, it is crucial to perform a cost-benefit analysis and an ex ante assessment of the costs of planned activities in relation to the expected environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Dzida, Grażyna Zawiślak, Zbigniew Jarosz, Karolina Pitura, Jarmila Neugebauerova
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most popular herbal plants used globally in the food and pharmaceutical industries and as an ornamental plant. It is highly valued for the rich content of active substances, whose amount depends on environmental and anthropogenic factors. The type of fertilizer used is an important determinant of the yield and quality of the herb and the soil environment. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of natural fertilizers (granulated cattle manure and granulated chicken manure) applied at different doses (50, 100, 150, 200 g m−2) on the quantity and quality of the yield of common basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in the temperate climate of Lublin Upland. The applied doses of manure had a significant effect on the fresh weight of O. basilicum L. A significant effect of the type and dose of manure on the content of L-ascorbic acid was found. Additionally, the fertilizer dose had a significant effect on the extract content in the analyzed plants. Significantly higher basil yields were achieved in the fertilization variant with 50 g m−2 and 100 g m−2 of the manure. The concentration of essential oil in the plants did not change under the influence of the applied manure dose. The experimental factors did not exert an effect on the content of essential oil with its main component (linalool), total nitrogen, and protein in basil plants. The highest content of linalool (78.22%) in the O. basilicum L. herb was determined in the variant with chicken manure fertilization at the dose of 150 g m2.
罗勒(<i>罗勒</i>L.)是全球最受欢迎的草药植物之一，用于食品和制药工业，并作为观赏植物。其活性物质含量丰富，其含量取决于环境和人为因素。肥料的种类是决定草本植物产量和质量以及土壤环境的重要因素。本研究的目的是评估不同剂量(50、100、150、200 g)施用天然肥料(牛粪颗粒和鸡粪颗粒)对普通罗勒(Ocimum basilicum)产量和质量的影响。在卢布林高地温带气候中种植的一种植物。施肥量对鲜重有显著影响。basilicum< / i>L.肥料种类和施用剂量对l -抗坏血酸含量有显著影响。此外，施肥剂量对所分析植物的提取物含量有显著影响。施用50 g m<sup>−2</sup>和100g m<sup>−2</sup>粪肥。施用有机肥量对挥发油浓度没有影响。实验因素对罗勒植物精油及其主要成分(芳樟醇)、总氮和蛋白质含量没有影响。其中芳樟醇含量最高(78.22%)。basilicum< / i>l .草决心的变异与鸡粪受精剂量的150 g m< sup> 2 & lt; / sup>。
{"title":"Effect of natural fertilization on the yield, biological value, and qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil in common basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.)","authors":"Katarzyna Dzida, Grażyna Zawiślak, Zbigniew Jarosz, Karolina Pitura, Jarmila Neugebauerova","doi":"10.5586/aa/173137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/173137","url":null,"abstract":"Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) is one of the most popular herbal plants used globally in the food and pharmaceutical industries and as an ornamental plant. It is highly valued for the rich content of active substances, whose amount depends on environmental and anthropogenic factors. The type of fertilizer used is an important determinant of the yield and quality of the herb and the soil environment. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of natural fertilizers (granulated cattle manure and granulated chicken manure) applied at different doses (50, 100, 150, 200 g m<sup>−2</sup>) on the quantity and quality of the yield of common basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) cultivated in the temperate climate of Lublin Upland. The applied doses of manure had a significant effect on the fresh weight of <i>O. basilicum</i> L. A significant effect of the type and dose of manure on the content of L-ascorbic acid was found. Additionally, the fertilizer dose had a significant effect on the extract content in the analyzed plants. Significantly higher basil yields were achieved in the fertilization variant with 50 g m<sup>−2</sup> and 100 g m<sup>−2</sup> of the manure. The concentration of essential oil in the plants did not change under the influence of the applied manure dose. The experimental factors did not exert an effect on the content of essential oil with its main component (linalool), total nitrogen, and protein in basil plants. The highest content of linalool (78.22%) in the <i>O. basilicum</i> L. herb was determined in the variant with chicken manure fertilization at the dose of 150 g m<sup>2</sup>.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taphrina deformans (Berk/Tul) is a causal agent of peach leaf curl that causes severe deformation of leaves and, in some cases, affects plant fruits and shoots, thereby exerting an adverse effect on tree yield and vitality. It has the potential to cause epidemics. The present study indicated ultrastructural alterations in the mesophyll cells of peach leaves, Fayette cultivar, in response to infection by T. deformans. Pathogen-induced hypertrophy and hyperplasia are associated with the unbalanced growth of the infected cells. Changes in the shape of the mesophyll cells from cylindrically oval to isodiametric were found. A strong destruction of the cell compartments was established in a thin parietal cytoplasm. The degradation of chloroplast membrane structures was significant. The regular shape of the chloroplasts was lost with the appearance of concavities. The middle lamella was expanded and exhibited the presence of T. deformans hyphae provoking those alterations. They contacted the cell wall but did not entirely disrupt it. This study confirms and complements the ultrastructural picture of peach leaf curl in the dynamic plant-host system.
{"title":"Ultrastructural changes of mesophyll cells in peach leaves infected by <i>Taphrina deformans</i> (Berk/Tul)","authors":"Neshka Piperkova, Andon Vassilev","doi":"10.5586/aa/172969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172969","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Taphrina deformans</i> (Berk/Tul) is a causal agent of peach leaf curl that causes severe deformation of leaves and, in some cases, affects plant fruits and shoots, thereby exerting an adverse effect on tree yield and vitality. It has the potential to cause epidemics. The present study indicated ultrastructural alterations in the mesophyll cells of peach leaves, Fayette cultivar, in response to infection by <i>T. deformans</i>. Pathogen-induced hypertrophy and hyperplasia are associated with the unbalanced growth of the infected cells. Changes in the shape of the mesophyll cells from cylindrically oval to isodiametric were found. A strong destruction of the cell compartments was established in a thin parietal cytoplasm. The degradation of chloroplast membrane structures was significant. The regular shape of the chloroplasts was lost with the appearance of concavities. The middle lamella was expanded and exhibited the presence of <i>T. deformans</i> hyphae provoking those alterations. They contacted the cell wall but did not entirely disrupt it. This study confirms and complements the ultrastructural picture of peach leaf curl in the dynamic plant-host system.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"15 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The knowledge on yield stability and variability of hybrid cultivars cultivated in a mixture with triticale over the years is limited. Therefore, a two-factorial experiment with the cropping system (pure vs. mixture) and the cultivar type (hybrid vs. open pollinated) as factors was conducted on chernozem soil in continental conditions (47°24′N, 7°19′E, 300 m a.s.l.) in three seasons to assess the effect of yield and yield stability of two cereal mixtures. Four approaches to yield stability calculations were used. Lower stability was noted for mixtures with open-pollinated rye cultivars compared with hybrid cultivars. The adjusted coefficients of variation (aCV) indicated that the yield was more stable in mixtures with the hybrid variety. The yield Stability Index Delta (SIDelta), which provides information about yield stability across the years, depends on the mixture components and weather fluctuation. The highest value of SIDelta was obtained for the hybrid cultivar in the mixture (SIDelta = 2.95), compared to the open-pollinated rye cultivar in the mixture (SIDelta = 0.47). The yield stability analyzed using linear regression (Yexp against Yobs for each crop mixture) indicated slope values less than one for the hybrid rye, suggesting higher mean grain yields in intercrops (observed yield) compared to the corresponding two sole crops (expected yield) across the three study years. The cultivation of the Palazzo hybrid rye in a mixture with triticale (cv. Borowik or Borwo) showed higher yield stability compared with that of the open-pollinated Amber cultivar. The study confirms that the inclusion of hybrid cultivars of winter cereals in mixed crops is justified by increased yield stability in comparison with open-pollinated cultivars. The use of hybrid rye as a component of mixed crops should be considered, as it shows higher productivity and greater yield stability than open-pollinated cultivars.
{"title":"Hybrid rye as a good crop component to enhance yield stability in a winter cereal mixture","authors":"Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra, Magdalena Bacior, Reinhard Neugschandtner","doi":"10.5586/aa/172670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172670","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge on yield stability and variability of hybrid cultivars cultivated in a mixture with triticale over the years is limited. Therefore, a two-factorial experiment with the cropping system (pure vs. mixture) and the cultivar type (hybrid vs. open pollinated) as factors was conducted on chernozem soil in continental conditions (47°24′N, 7°19′E, 300 m a.s.l.) in three seasons to assess the effect of yield and yield stability of two cereal mixtures. Four approaches to yield stability calculations were used. Lower stability was noted for mixtures with open-pollinated rye cultivars compared with hybrid cultivars. The adjusted coefficients of variation (aCV) indicated that the yield was more stable in mixtures with the hybrid variety. The yield Stability Index Delta (<i>SI</i><sub>Delta</sub>), which provides information about yield stability across the years, depends on the mixture components and weather fluctuation. The highest value of <i>SI</i><sub>Delta</sub> was obtained for the hybrid cultivar in the mixture (<i>SI</i><sub>Delta</sub> = 2.95), compared to the open-pollinated rye cultivar in the mixture (<i>SI</i><sub>Delta</sub> = 0.47). The yield stability analyzed using linear regression (Y<sub>exp</sub><sub></sub> against Yobs for each crop mixture) indicated slope values less than one for the hybrid rye, suggesting higher mean grain yields in intercrops (observed yield) compared to the corresponding two sole crops (expected yield) across the three study years. The cultivation of the Palazzo hybrid rye in a mixture with triticale (cv. Borowik or Borwo) showed higher yield stability compared with that of the open-pollinated Amber cultivar. The study confirms that the inclusion of hybrid cultivars of winter cereals in mixed crops is justified by increased yield stability in comparison with open-pollinated cultivars. The use of hybrid rye as a component of mixed crops should be considered, as it shows higher productivity and greater yield stability than open-pollinated cultivars.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"15 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Ewa Dmitruk, Ewelina Chrzanowska, Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek, Ernest Stawiarz
Pollen production and pollen quality in Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae), a common early-spring flowering plant from the temperate zone was evaluated. The species is an efficient pollen producer, as it can produce 0.23 mg of pollen per flower and 1.99 g of pollen per 1 m2 of shrub surface, however, the values may differ considerably between seasons. Its pollen contains a high amount of proteins (22.1–34.2%). The total lipid content in the pollen ranged between 2.7 and 3.6%. The presence of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids was found. Among omega-3 fatty acids, inflammation inhibitors, i.e., α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, were detected. The predominant mineral was potassium, followed by calcium and magnesium. P. spinosa pollen is an important ingredient of bee pollen loads containing 89.1–98.2% of Prunus pollen. P. spinosa should be recommended for planting in the agricultural landscape in order to support the early spring diet for pollinators.
{"title":"<i>Prunus spinosa</i> L. pollen - quantity and nutritional quality","authors":"Marta Ewa Dmitruk, Ewelina Chrzanowska, Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek, Ernest Stawiarz","doi":"10.5586/aa/174011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/174011","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen production and pollen quality in <i>Prunus spinosa</i> L. (Rosaceae), a common early-spring flowering plant from the temperate zone was evaluated. The species is an efficient pollen producer, as it can produce 0.23 mg of pollen per flower and 1.99 g of pollen per 1 m<sup>2</sup> of shrub surface, however, the values may differ considerably between seasons. Its pollen contains a high amount of proteins (22.1–34.2%). The total lipid content in the pollen ranged between 2.7 and 3.6%. The presence of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids was found. Among omega-3 fatty acids, inflammation inhibitors, i.e., α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, were detected. The predominant mineral was potassium, followed by calcium and magnesium. <i>P. spinosa</i> pollen is an important ingredient of bee pollen loads containing 89.1–98.2% of <i>Prunus pollen</i>. <i>P. spinosa</i> should be recommended for planting in the agricultural landscape in order to support the early spring diet for pollinators.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"8 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136316705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wongsakorn Wongla, Piyada Theerakulpisut, Watanachai Lontom
In the current study, the influence of silicon (Si) on KDML 105 rice plants exposed to drought and salt stress was observed. The 28-days old rice plants were arranged into control, drought, and salinity conditions. The drought and salinity conditions were achieved by addition of 20% W/W polyethylene glycol 6000 and 120 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution, respectively. Si was concurrently applied in all groups by adding 0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mM Na2SiO3. The results showed that some growth and physiological parameters were positively changed by the Si-application. The relative water content was significantly improved in the 1.5 mM Si-supplemented drought group and the 2.0 mM Si-supplemented salt group. Additionally, Si at 2.0 mM significantly improved photosynthetic activity in the rice and slightly reduced plant temperature under salt stress. Moreover, exogenous Si ameliorated NaCl toxicity from the sodium-potassium ratio decline. The results suggested that 2.0 mM silicon was a proper concentration to recover plants exposed to abiotic stress.
本研究观察了硅(Si)对干旱和盐胁迫下水稻KDML - 105植株的影响。28天龄的水稻植株被安排在对照、干旱和盐胁迫条件下。在营养液中分别加入20% W/W的聚乙二醇6000和120 mM NaCl，达到干旱和盐胁迫条件。通过添加0、1.5、2.0和2.5 mM Na2SiO3，在所有组中同时施用Si。结果表明，施硅对水稻的一些生长和生理参数有积极的影响。1.5 mM补硅干旱组和2.0 mM补硅盐组的相对含水量显著提高。此外，2.0 mM的Si显著提高了盐胁迫下水稻的光合活性，并略微降低了植株温度。此外，外源硅改善了钠钾比下降引起的NaCl毒性。结果表明，2.0 mM硅是恢复植物非生物胁迫的适宜浓度。
{"title":"Exogenous silicon application promotes growth and alleviates drought and salt stresses of rice plants","authors":"Wongsakorn Wongla, Piyada Theerakulpisut, Watanachai Lontom","doi":"10.5586/aa/172075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172075","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the influence of silicon (Si) on KDML 105 rice plants exposed to drought and salt stress was observed. The 28-days old rice plants were arranged into control, drought, and salinity conditions. The drought and salinity conditions were achieved by addition of 20% W/W polyethylene glycol 6000 and 120 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution, respectively. Si was concurrently applied in all groups by adding 0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mM Na2SiO3. The results showed that some growth and physiological parameters were positively changed by the Si-application. The relative water content was significantly improved in the 1.5 mM Si-supplemented drought group and the 2.0 mM Si-supplemented salt group. Additionally, Si at 2.0 mM significantly improved photosynthetic activity in the rice and slightly reduced plant temperature under salt stress. Moreover, exogenous Si ameliorated NaCl toxicity from the sodium-potassium ratio decline. The results suggested that 2.0 mM silicon was a proper concentration to recover plants exposed to abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"24 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuong Quoc Duong, Anh Lan Bui, Thia Hong Le, Truc Thanh Tran, Nam Ngoc Trinh
More than half of the global population uses rice as the fundamental staple food; therefore, it is one of the most popular crops in the world. However, it is susceptible to salt stress, particularly among monocot crops, which reduces rice cultivation yield and threatens global food security. This research investigates the role of some factors, including amino acids, antioxidant enzymes, and sugars, in the response to the salinity stress of three contrasting rice cultivars, Dai Thom 8 (salt-sensitive), OC 10 (moderately salt-tolerant), and OM 9577 (salt-tolerant) in the seedling stage. The salt-tolerant varieties exhibited remarkable differences in physiological and biochemical traits, including enhancement of growth capacity, reduction of cell membrane damage via lowering lipid peroxidation, minimization of ROS generation, enhancement of free radical scavenging activity, and SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activities. Additionally, the study analyzed the presence of 13 sugars using GC-MS and found that all three rice cultivars shared seven common sugars in similar quantities. However, OM 9577 had a higher content of the other six sugars compared to OC 10 and Dai Thom 8. It is one of the important biochemical factors responsible for the difference in the response mechanism to NaCl stress among rice varieties, specifically lyxofuranose (3.268%), a-D-xylopyranose (5.727%), mannopyranose (12.86%), α-D-glucopyranose (6.399%), ß-D-glucopyranose (5.509%), and D-arabinose (1.512%). Furthermore, the quantification of 20 amino acids through HPLC-DAD revealed that the salt-tolerant rice cultivars had higher concentrations of 11 amino acids than the salt-sensitive ones, including proline, isoleucine, serine, ornithine, histidine, glutamic acid, asparagine, alpha-alanine, aspartic acid, glutamine, and valine. These findings provide promising biochemical indicators for selecting salt-tolerant rice cultivars or improving existing varieties through traditional hybridization or gene transfer methods. Understanding these responses can significantly contribute to enhancing rice cultivation and ensuring food security in regions facing salinity challenges.
{"title":"Differential biochemical and metabolic responses of contrast rice cultivars (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) under salt stress","authors":"Cuong Quoc Duong, Anh Lan Bui, Thia Hong Le, Truc Thanh Tran, Nam Ngoc Trinh","doi":"10.5586/aa/172513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/aa/172513","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of the global population uses rice as the fundamental staple food; therefore, it is one of the most popular crops in the world. However, it is susceptible to salt stress, particularly among monocot crops, which reduces rice cultivation yield and threatens global food security. This research investigates the role of some factors, including amino acids, antioxidant enzymes, and sugars, in the response to the salinity stress of three contrasting rice cultivars, Dai Thom 8 (salt-sensitive), OC 10 (moderately salt-tolerant), and OM 9577 (salt-tolerant) in the seedling stage. The salt-tolerant varieties exhibited remarkable differences in physiological and biochemical traits, including enhancement of growth capacity, reduction of cell membrane damage via lowering lipid peroxidation, minimization of ROS generation, enhancement of free radical scavenging activity, and SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activities. Additionally, the study analyzed the presence of 13 sugars using GC-MS and found that all three rice cultivars shared seven common sugars in similar quantities. However, OM 9577 had a higher content of the other six sugars compared to OC 10 and Dai Thom 8. It is one of the important biochemical factors responsible for the difference in the response mechanism to NaCl stress among rice varieties, specifically lyxofuranose (3.268%), a-D-xylopyranose (5.727%), mannopyranose (12.86%), α-D-glucopyranose (6.399%), ß-D-glucopyranose (5.509%), and D-arabinose (1.512%). Furthermore, the quantification of 20 amino acids through HPLC-DAD revealed that the salt-tolerant rice cultivars had higher concentrations of 11 amino acids than the salt-sensitive ones, including proline, isoleucine, serine, ornithine, histidine, glutamic acid, asparagine, alpha-alanine, aspartic acid, glutamine, and valine. These findings provide promising biochemical indicators for selecting salt-tolerant rice cultivars or improving existing varieties through traditional hybridization or gene transfer methods. Understanding these responses can significantly contribute to enhancing rice cultivation and ensuring food security in regions facing salinity challenges.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：